Classification

What is Classification?• Grouping things according to

similarities• Taxonomy science of classifying living

things• Scientists classify organisms based on

similarities in cell type, structure, DNA, growth and development and how organisms obtain energy.

• Classification organizes information so it can be studied and categorized.

History of Classification• Greeks – 2000 years ago – Aristotle

classified all living things into plants or animals

• Student of Aristotle classified plants according to sizes; small were herbs, medium woody were shrubs and large woody plants were trees.

• 18th Century Carolus Linnaeus father of current taxonomy, classified organism on how they looked alike, established a system for naming them (binomial nomenclature)

Levels of Classification• Kingdom – same cell

structure and obtain energy the same way (Animal)

• Phylum - similar body structure (Chordata/Vertibrate)

• Class – more similarities (mammals)

• Order “ (Carnivora)• Family “• Genus “• Species – reproduce with

each other• Genus and Species make up

the name of an organism decided by Linnaeus

Three Domains• Domains are very broad categories• 3 Domains are Bacteria, Archae, and

Eukarya which is based on the type of cells.

• Kingdom of Eubacteria is in the Bacteria Domain

• Archaibacteria is in the Arche Domain• Protist, Fungi, Plantae and Animal

make up the domain of Eukarya

What are the 6 Kingdoms?• Archaebacteria – simple

unicellular organisms, do not have a true nucleus, live in extreme environments

• Eubacteria – single celled, do not have a true nucleus, found in soil, water and in humans

• Protists – single celled or multicelled, has a true nucleus, Amoebas and diatom are examples

• Fungi – unicellular or multi-cellular, get the food they need from dead organisms, yeast, mushrooms are examples.

• Plantae – multi-cellular, use chlorophyll to make their own food, trees and flowers are plants

• Animal – multi-cellular, get energy from eating other organisms, birds, reptiles, fish and mammals are animals

6 Kingdoms

VirusesHow are they classified?

• Non-living particle made up of a piece of nucleic acid covered with a protein

• Capsid – protein cover • Bacteriaphage –

viruses that infect bacteria

• Viruses take over cells by invading them and reproducing

• They can not carry out life activities with out another cell.

• Classified based on structure, type of nucleic acid (rna or dna), the way they reproduce

• They can remain inactive until they find the proper environment

• Cold, flu, HIV examples