classification. classification grouping things according to their characteristics
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Classification
ClassificationClassification
GROUPINGGROUPING things things according to their according to their CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS..
CAROLUS LINNAEUSCAROLUS LINNAEUS
Developed a Developed a SYSTEMSYSTEM for for grouping grouping ORGANISMSORGANISMS..
Creating Scientific NamesCreating Scientific Names
Carl Linnaeus – 1750’s developed a Carl Linnaeus – 1750’s developed a system for organisms.system for organisms.
Catalog all known Catalog all known speciesspecies Created Created two-wordedtwo-worded Latin names for Latin names for
each species (Binomial Nomenclature) each species (Binomial Nomenclature)
GroupsGroups
Domain(largest)Domain(largest) Kingdom Kingdom PhylumPhylum ClassClass OrderOrder FamilyFamily GenusGenus Species (smallest)Species (smallest)
Great way to remember: Dozy Kids Play Chase On Freeway Get Squished
3 Broad Groups3 Broad Groups EukaryoteEukaryote
Multiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle i.e. animalsMultiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle i.e. animals ProkaryoteProkaryote
Single-Celled does not have nucleus or membrane-Single-Celled does not have nucleus or membrane-bound structures i.e. bacteriabound structures i.e. bacteria
ArchaeaArchaea Prokaryotes-Like in extreme environments difference Prokaryotes-Like in extreme environments difference
in genetic make up of their cell call. i.e. bacteria in in genetic make up of their cell call. i.e. bacteria in hot potshot pots
KingdomKingdom
Encompasses large groups; such Encompasses large groups; such as plants, animals or fungi. as plants, animals or fungi.
PhylumPhylum
Subgroup within a kingdom. Animals Subgroup within a kingdom. Animals belong to the phylum Chordata. (meaning belong to the phylum Chordata. (meaning they have a spinal “chord”) they have a spinal “chord”)
ClassClass
A sub group within a phylum A sub group within a phylum containing common characteristics.containing common characteristics.
OrderOrder
A sub group within a class.A sub group within a class.
FamilyFamily
A sub group with an order.A sub group with an order.
GenusGenus
A sub group within a familyA sub group within a family Species with uniquely shared traitsSpecies with uniquely shared traits Species are thought to be closely Species are thought to be closely
related.related.
SpeciesSpecies
Unique group of organisms united by Unique group of organisms united by heredity or interbreedingheredity or interbreeding
Defined based on unique featuresDefined based on unique features
SPECIESSPECIES means " means "KINDKIND””
A A GROUPGROUP of closely of closely related related ((SIMILARSIMILAR) ) organisms that organisms that INTERBREEDINTERBREED and have and have FERTILEFERTILE offspring offspring
CAROLUS LINNAEUSCAROLUS LINNAEUS
2. Gave an organism a 2. Gave an organism a TWO-WORD TWO-WORD LATINLATIN name. (binomial nomenclature) name. (binomial nomenclature)
ExampleExample COMMON name COMMON name cougar, cougar,
puma, mountain lion puma, mountain lion SCIENTIFIC name SCIENTIFIC name Felis Felis
concolorconcolor GENUS, SPECIESGENUS, SPECIES
Last name, first nameLast name, first name
What’s in a name?What’s in a name?
Binomial Nomenclature Binomial Nomenclature (bie NOH mee uhl Noh muhn KLAY chuhr)(bie NOH mee uhl Noh muhn KLAY chuhr)
Scientific Name = Binomial Nomenclature Scientific Name = Binomial Nomenclature
Genus + Species = Scientific NameGenus + Species = Scientific Name
Example = HumansExample = Humans
Homo + Sapien = Homo sapienHomo + Sapien = Homo sapien
Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names
Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus
Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names
Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Sheep: Ovis ariesOvis aries..
Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names
Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Sheep: Ovis ariesOvis aries Swine: Swine: Sus scrofaSus scrofa
Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names
Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Sheep: Ovis ariesOvis aries Swine: Swine: Sus scrofaSus scrofa Horse: Horse: Equus cabbalusEquus cabbalus
Examples of Scientific NamesExamples of Scientific Names
Cattle: Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicusBos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Sheep: Ovis ariesOvis aries Swine: Swine: Sus scrofaSus scrofa Horse: Horse: Equus cabbalusEquus cabbalus Chickens: Chickens: Galus galus Galus galus
domesticus domesticus
Species
a group of closely related animals that can INTERBREED and produce FERTILE offspring
Example
Breed
animals of common ORIGIN with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups within the same SPECIES
Example
Type
animals of the same SPECIES that are grouped together based on the PRODUCTS they produce
Example
Scientific Names of Domesticated Livestock Animals
Genus species
European Cattle
Bos taurus
Indian Cattle
Bos indicus
Sheep
Ovis aries
Goats
Capra hircus
Swine
Sus scrofa domesticus
Horse
Equus caballus
Donkey
Equus asinus
Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Llama
Llama glama
Alpaca
Llama pacos
Dog
Canis familiaris
Cat
Felis catus
Chicken
Gallus domesticus
Turkey
Meleagris gallopavo
Duck
Anas platyrhyncha
Goose
Anser anser
Terms of Domesticated Animals
Cattle
Species Bovine
Cattle
Group Herd
Cattle
Adult MaleBull
Cattle
Adult Female Cow
Cattle
Young Male Bull Calf
Cattle
Young Female Heifer Calf
Cattle
Newborn Calf
Cattle
Castrated Male Bullock or Steer
Cattle
Offspring w/Dam Calf at Foot or Suckling
Cattle
Birthing Calving
Cattle
Mating Serving
Sheep
Species Ovine
Sheep
GroupFlock
Sheep
Adult MaleRam, Buck, or Tup
Sheep
Adult Female Ewe
Sheep
Young Male Ram Lamb or Buck Lamb
Sheep
Young Female Ewe Lamb
Sheep
NewbornLamb
Sheep
Castrated Male Wether
Sheep
Offspring w/Dam Suckling
Sheep
BirthingLambing
Sheep
MatingTupping
Goats
Species Caprine
Goats
GroupFlock or Band
Goats
Adult MaleBuck or Billy
Goats
Adult Female Doe or Nanny
Goats
Young Male Buckling
Goats
Young Female Goatling
Goats
NewbornKid
Goats
Castrated Male Wether
Goats
Offspring w/Dam Suckling
Goats
BirthingKidding
Goats
MatingServing
Swine
Species Porcine
Swine
GroupDrove
Swine
Adult MaleBoar
Swine
Adult Female Sow
Swine
Young Male Boar Pig or Boarling
Swine
Young Female Gilt
Swine
NewbornPig, Piglet, Pigling
Swine
Castrated Male Barrow, Stag, Hog
Swine
Offspring w/Dam Suckling
Swine
BirthingFarrowing
Swine
MatingCoupling
Poultry
Species Gallus
Poultry
GroupFlock
Poultry
Adult MaleRooster, Cock
Poultry
Adult Female Hen
Poultry
Young Male Cockerel
Poultry
Young Female Pullet
Poultry
NewbornChick
Poultry
Castrated Male Capon
Poultry
Offspring w/Dam Clutch, Brood
Poultry
BirthingHatching
Poultry
Mating?????
Horse
Species Equine
Horse
GroupHerd, Band, etc.
Horse
Adult MaleStallion or Stud
Horse
Adult Female Mare
Horse
Young Male Colt
Horse
Young Female Filly
Horse
NewbornFoal
Horse
Castrated Male Gelding
Horse
Offspring w/Dam Suckling or Foal at Side
Horse
BirthingFoaling
Horse
MatingServing
Types of Livestock
Cattle
Beef Type Dairy Type Dual Purpose Multi-Purpose
Sheep
Wool type Fine Medium Long Colored
Meat or Mutton type Dual Purpose Dairy Type
Swine
Lard Type Bacon Type Meat Type
Horses
Draft Type Racing Ranch Work/Stock Horse Trotting Pacers
Poultry
Eggs (Layers) Meat (Broilers) Ornamental Cock Fighting