Unit 5 – Lecture 6

TaxonomyTaxonomy – the branch of bio that studies

classificationclassification – grouping and naming of

things based on similar characteristics

TaxonomyTaxonomy – the branch of bio that studies

classificationphylogeny – hypothesized evolutionary

history of an organism based on character similaritiesorganisms are mostly grouped by physical

appearanceDNA technology advances leading to

reworking of hypothesized evolutionary ancestry

TaxonomyTaxonomy – the branch

of bio that studies classificationphylogeny – hypoth-

esized evolutionary hist-ory of an organism based on character similaritiesphylogenetic tree

TaxonomyTaxonomy – the branch of bio that studies

classificationphylogeny – hypothesized evolutionary

history of an organism based on character similaritiescladogram – line

grouping of phylogeny based on similar characteristics

TaxonomistsAristotle [300s bc]– 1st taxonomist

classed into two categories:plants

classed into herbs, shrubs, and trees& animals

classed by habitat

TaxonomistsLinnaeus [1700s]

grouped organisms by structural similaritiesdeveloped basis for current classification

groups:kingdoms [plant or animal]classesorders

developed binomial nomenclature for organisms using Latin [bi = 2; nom = name]

Panthera pardus

ClassificationModern divisions of classification:

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamily GenusSpecies

Kids

PlayingCatchOn

Freeway

Go Splat

The divisions for classification are more broad at the top and get increasingly specific until you reach ONE type of organism which has its own species name [which is made of both the genus and species to avoid confusion].

KingdomsSix Kingdoms:

AnimaliaPlantaeFungiProtistaEubacteriaArchaebacteria

Animalia

Plantae

Fungi

Protista

Eubacteria & Archaebacteria

[used to be one kingdom: monera]

Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature – literally, a two-name

naming systemeach organism is given a two-part

Genus species nameAbelmoschus esclentus – okraAcer palmatum – Japanese mapleAllium sativum – garlic

Genus starts with uppercase letterspecies starts with lowercase letteralways italicize or underline entire name

Binomial NomenclatureWhen referring generally to a certain genus

of organisms, represent the multiple species with: sp. – singular for species

orspp. – plural for species

[applies to many in the genus]There are two genera of carpenter bees in the United States, the small carpenter bees, Ceratina spp., and the large carpenter bees, Xylocopa spp. 

HomeworkCh 18.3 – kingdoms & domainsCh 20.1 – characteristics of bacteriaCh 21.1 – characteristics of protistsCh 22.1 – characteristics of fungiCh 23.1 – intro to plantsCh 26.1 – characteristics of animals