copenhagen 2

Soren Kierkegaard: “I regard the whole of Copenhagen as one of great social

gathering”

Copenhagen

● World renowned cycling facilities

● Pedestrian oriented

● High Accessibility

● Character

● Mixed land use

● Active

City of Copenhagen

Jan Gehl● Danish architect and urban design consultant

● Influential in the transformation of

copenhagen

● Best known for the Stroget

● Stresses the importance of cycling within

communities

Stroget● Pedestrian oriented

● Walkable

● Comfortable

● Safe

● Accessible

Pedestrian and Bicycle only Streets

Finger Plan

Transportation Authorities

Danish Ministry Of Transport

The Danish Transport Authority

Greater Copenhagen Authority

Copenhagen Metro Movia (Bus Company)

DSB (Railway Company)

ROAD DIRECTORATE

Road Directorate

● Government Agency- The " tool "used by the government, ministry of transport, parliament and public to promote and develop the road system in Denmark.

● Influences: ○ planning, construction, operation, service, maintenance of main

country highways.

● Cooperates with local and regional authorities

● Implemented the Road Sector Information System (VIS)○ Owned by the directorate and regional authorities jointly○ Contains national and regional data about roads, bridges, pavements,

traffic, accidents

Movia● 2007 Municipal Reform

● Trafikselskabet Movia: agency responsible for buses in Copenhagen

● Movia does not own any of the lines they pay subcontractors to run them

● Movia is trying to introduce contactless "smartcards" as a new fare system (Rejsekort)

● Operates 24 hr/day

Movia Map

DSB (Danish State Railways)

● DSB is the largest Danish train operating company, and the largest in Scandinavia

● Responsible for passenger train operation on most of the Danish railways

● Founded in 1885

● DSB is an independent public state-owned corporation under the Danish Ministry of Transport and Energy since 1999

Copenhagen Metro

● Rapid Transit System

● Orestand Act 1992, Metro Planning Act

● Driverless light Metro that aids the larger S-Train rapid transit system.

● It is owned by Metroselskabet (owned by the Municipality of Copenhagen and the Ministry of Transport)

● January 7th 2011 "Cityringen" (project that would add two extra lines)

○

http://metrorailmap.blogspot.com/search/label/Copenhagen

Current Metro System

New Metro System (Line M3 and M4 added)

Amagerbro StationRapid transit station

Cycling Network in Copenhagen

Transportation Planning:[History of Cycling in Copenhagen]

● 1892 -● 1907 -● 1934 -● 1940 -● 1950 -

● 1970 -

● 1980 -● 1990's -

● First bicycle path in Copenhagen● Copenhagen is top cycling city in Europe● First cycling race (spectator sport)● Recreational bicycle routes in green spaces● Automobile affordability increase

Bicycling popularity decrease ● Modal share of bicycles at an all time low of

10%● Energy crisis causes "Cycling Renaissance"● City of Copenhagen pushes to increase

cycling in the municipality and transportation planning involving cycling begins

Transportation Planning:[Cycling Policies]

● 1996 - ● Copenhagen released its first bicycle account○ Consisting of 10 Key Indicators:

■ budget allocated to cycling infrastructure

■ length of the bicycle network

■ modal share

■ number of cyclists

■ accident statistics

■ cyclists opinion on infrastructure

■ cyclist opinion on maintenance

■ perceived sense of safety

■ citizens an overview the city's plans for cycling

■ initiatives initiated since the last account was published

Transportation Planning:[Cycling Policies]

● 1997 -

● 2000 -

● 2001 -

● Municipal Development Plan○ introduced a new concept of green bicycle routes○ coherent network of cycle routes○ off street routes through parks and other open green

areas

● City released a proposal for a network of 22 green bicycle routes with a total length of 110 km

● "Cycle policy 2002 - 2012"○ prioritize cycling in city planning○ coordinate initiatives for improvements of cycling

conditions○ increase in modal share from 34% to 40%

Transportation Planning:[Cycling Policies]

● 2006 -

● 2007 -

● 2011 -

● "Cycle Track Priority Plan 2006-2016"○ 70 kilometres of new cycle tracks and cycle lanes will

be established in the 10 years covered by plan

● "Action plan for safe bicycle traffic 2007-2012"○ goal of reducing the number of accidents by 50%

compared to 1996

● Municipal council unanimously adopted the new cycling strategy, "good, better, best – The City of Copenhagen’s Bicycle Strategy 2011-2025"○ replaces the previous cycling policy covering the years

2002 to 2012○ increase the modal share of the bicycle to 50% of

commuter trips

Trends in cycle use in Copenhagen

Copenhagen Bicycle Rush Hour

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-Un1RJ-P_w

Environmental Policies Reduce CO2 emissions

Increase amount of green areas and improve access to themPromote walking, cycling and public transit

Climate Plan 2025

Drawbacks: Planning

Finger plan seems to be getting congested○ Street widening is currently being considered

As inner city develops○ Increased automobile congestion in fingers○ Increased cycling congestion

Drawbacks

Police have excessive power

● Veto proposed changes

● Lack of knowledge

○ Focus on automobiles

○ Cycling is unsafe?

● Oppose decreasing

speed limits

ConclusionFocused on improving quality of life

● Strict Environmental Initiatives

● Transportation Agencies

● Policy

● Multimodal Infrastructure

Bibliography

● http://www.international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl10010/ch02.cfm

● http://www.copenhagenize.com/2012/09/the-state-of-copenhagen-congestion-part_3.html

● http://www.eltis.org/docs/tools/THI-Thomas_Budde_Christensen_Tyge_Kj_r.pdf

● http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&sa=N&tbo=d&rlz=1C1GGGE_enUS508US508&biw=1280&bih=923&tbm=isch&tbnid=J9vN9FdH4oNe6M:&imgrefurl=http://www.except.nl/consult/pedestrianizationtools/pedestrianizationtools1.html&docid=W9AdjaXDn9N9TM&imgurl=http://www.except.nl/consult/pedestrianizationtools/Fig%25252011%252520-%252520Copenhagen_ped_map.jpg&w=1050&h=400&ei=AF2VUPmVGKm60QHPnoG4BA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=148&vpy=176&dur=4737&hovh=138&hovw=364&tx=127&ty=83&sig=103525647615985306105&page=1&tbnh=99&tbnw=262&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:77

● http://www.metropolismag.com/html/content_0802/ped/

● http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&rlz=1C1GGGE_enUS508US508&biw=1280&bih=923&tbm=isch&tbnid=yZ6C0opuMibyBM:&imgrefurl=http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/kbenfield/copenhagens_10point_plan_for_a.html&docid=e5a1gPXHnuKkMM&imgurl=http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2467/3694077239_b0712400e6_o.jpg&w=490&h=326&ei=YOeWUMbSHOS90QHZzYC4Cg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=296&sig=102369845098272562881&page=1&tbnh=140&tbnw=218&start=0&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:68&tx=175&ty=71

● http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&sa=X&biw=624&bih=895&tbm=isch&prmd=imvns&tbnid=h-g1R5imgy2oJM:&imgrefurl=http://kjoller.eu/blog/2007/09/11/grontmij-carl-bro-summer-school/&docid=dF0_ggDojx7FKM&imgurl=http://kjoller.eu/media/legacy-uploads/2007/09/fingerplan.jpg&w=470&h=470&ei=_fSWUMbbA5Sw0QHXpoHwBQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=310&sig=102369845098272562881&page=1&tbnh=107&tbnw=87&start=0&ndsp=21&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0,i:86&tx=58&ty=53

● http://www.copenhagenize.com/2012/09/the-state-of-copenhagen-congestion-part_3.html