development of an italian fire prevention technical rule for hydrogen pipelines ichs 2011 - san...
Post on 26-Mar-2015
218 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ITALIAN FIRE PREVENTIONTECHNICAL RULE FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES
N. Mattei, M. Carcassi., N. Ciannelli, F. Pilo
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Nucleare e della Produzione (DIMNP),Nucleare e della Produzione (DIMNP),
University of PisaUniversity of Pisa
Università di Pisa
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
SUMMARY
• Italian regulation about hydrogen and methane
• Italian development of regulation
• Italian Working Group on Hydrogen
• Experimental facility and tests
• Data acquired and data elaboration
• Procedure followed to define safety distance
• Conclusions
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
REGULATION IN FORCE IN ITALY
• Right now no law or technical rule is available to install a pipeline for hydrogen
• Rules referring to natural gas and and gas with ≤ 0.8 [kg/m3] must be followed:
• “D.M 16 aprile 2008” (distribution)
• “D.M. 17 aprile 2008” (transport)
• Moreover European laws already cover many aspects involved in design, building and safety issues, e.g. DIRECTIVE 97/23/EC (PED).
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
Italian Methodology
CCTS
Ministry of Interior
Italian Working Group on Fire
Prevention
Hydrogen
Methane
FIRE PREVENTIONTECHNICAL RULE FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES
“D.M 16 aprile 2008” (distribution)
“D.M. 17 aprile 2008” (transport)
Experimenthal activity
REGULATION
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
METHANE SAFETY DISTANCESGauge Pressure
inside pipe [MPa]1° Type
2.4 < P ≤ 62° Type
1.2 < P ≤ 2.43° Type
0.5 < P ≤ 1.2
Categories A B D A B D A B D
Pipe Diameter [mm] Safety Distance [m]
≤ 100 30 10 2.0 20 7 2.0 10 5 1.5
125 30 10 2.5 20 7 2.0 10 5 1.5
150 30 10 3.0 20 7 2.5 10 5 2.0
175 30 10 3.5 20 7 2.5 10 5 2.0
200 30 10 4.0 20 7 3.0 10 5 2.0
225 30 10 4.5 20 7 3.5 10 5 2.0
250 30 10 5.0 20 7 4.0 10 5 2.0
300 30 10 6.0 20 7 4.5 10 5 2.0
350 30 10 7.0 20 7 5.0 10 5 2.5
400 30 10 8.0 20 7 6.0 10 5 3.0
450 30 10 9.0 20 7 6.5 10 5 3.5
> 500 30 10 10.0 20 7 7.0 10 5 3.5
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
EXPERIMETAL TESTSThe Group has decided to support its work with an experimental activity, by means of a pilot plant named H.P.B.T. (Hydrogen Pipe Break Test) at University of Pisa.
The plant has been used to:
• simulate hydrogen release
• its ignition and development of combustion.
Data have been acquired about:
• the diffusivity of the gas
• the dimension of release jet
• the dimension of jet-fire
as function of internal pressure and release hole diameter.
to validate the calculation models
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
HPBT LAYOUT
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
PARAMETERS OF EXPERIMENTAL TESTS
According to the draft, pipelines are categorized as function of internal pressure and diameter.
The incidental scenario is defined by:
• Internal pressure (test pressure: up to 10 bar)
• release hole diameter/area (2.5 / 5; 5 / 20 and 11 / 95 mm / mm2)
Hole diameter and internal pressure have been chosen in order to have a “steady” jet so that it was possible to measure it
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
DISPLACEMENT OF 9 SAMPLE POINTS
x [mm]
y [mm]
z [mm]
X4 290 0 -10
X5 500 0 20
X6 980 0 -10
X7 2000 0 0
X8 2490 0 0
X9 480 0 70
X10 480 0 -50
X11 980 0 100
X12 980 0 -100
HPBT-JR-8
x [mm] y [mm]
z [mm]
X4 620 0 0
X5 930 0 0
X6 2000 320 0
X7 2000 0 0
X8 3060 50 430
X9 2000 -320 0
X10 1230 0 0
X11 2000 0 240
X12
HPBT-JR-19HPBT-JR-8
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
SUMMARY OF DATAAVAILABLE FOR EACH TEST
angle between wind direction and jet axis
wind velocity
spatial coordinates of sample points
H2 concentration
vs. time
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
HPBT-JR-8D=2,5mm - P=10 bar
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
0,00 50,00 100,00 150,00 200,00
time [sec]
P 1
P2
P3
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9
X10
X11
X12
T1
T2
T3
Start of release
Temperature [°C]inside tanks
Temperature [°C] next to release hole
Pressure [barg]inside tanks
OxygenConcentration
[%vol]
EXAMPLE OF DATA ACQUIRED(Ø 2,5mm and P = 10bar)
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5HPBT-JR-10 D=5mm P=5,2bar
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9
X10
X11
X12
modulo
tempo [s]
co
nc
. H2
[%
vo
l.]
ve
loc
ità
[m
/s]
DATA ACQUIRED
wind veolcity
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
JET-FIRE DIMENSION
4 m
0,7 m
Lateral view Front viewØ 11 mm - P 10 bar
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
JET FIRE DATA ACQUIRED
10
5,5
5
2,2
10,2
6,8
5,6
5,1
2,3
0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5
Flame length [m]
Internal Pressure [bar]
Ø = 2.5 mm
Ø = 11 mm
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
CODE SIMULATION - EFFECTS 7.6
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
CODE SIMULATION - FLACS v9.0 (CFD)
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
COMPARISON BETWEEN EXPERIMETAL DATAAND COMPUTER SIMULATION
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
0
5
10
15
20
25
30HPBT-JR-7 D=2.5mm - P=5.9bar
v=0.7 m/sv=2.1 m/sEFFECTSFLACS 0.7 m/sFLACS 2.1 m/s
time [s]
H2
[%vi
l.]
CENTRAL AXYS [m]
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
RADIATIVE ENERGY PRODUCED BY A JET-FIREvs.
DISTANCE FROM RELEASE HOLE
0 0,5 1 1 ,5 2 2 ,5 3 3 ,5 4 4 ,5 5
-1 ,5
-1
-0 ,5
0
0 ,5
1
1 ,5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
[m]
kW/m
2
[m]
5.4
12.5
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
Hydrogen and methane radiative powerdue to equal hole and pressure
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
[m]
[kW
/m2 ]
5,4 6,8
methane
hydrogen
HEAT RADIATION (EFFECT)
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
skgw
RT
MAPG max
4
2
4max
2max
CH
H
CH
H
MA
MA
G
G
24 HCH AA
kgMJ
H
kgMJ
CH
molg
H
molg
CH
Q
Q
M
M
120
50
2
16
2
4
2
4
4max4
22max 16
2CH
CH
HH G
A
AG
critic flow mass flow
COMPARISON BETWEEN H2 AND CH4 FLOW
24 HCH QMAQMA
2max4max HCH QGQG
42 2.1 CHH AA
42.1
44
22
2CHH DD
442 1.12.1 CHCHH DDD
energy flow
4max2max )35.0( CHH GG
same area
same T and P same T and P
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
PROCEDURE FOLLOWED TO DEFINE SAFETY DISTANCE
1. Pipes are categorized as a function of pressure and pipe diameter.
2. A release hole diameter is associated to pipe diameter (Ø hole = 2.5% of pipe diameter).
3. The resulting jet fire allows to evaluate the distance beyond which radiative power is lower than a defined value (3 kW/m2 according to Italian laws). (1)
(1) D.M. 29 Maggio 2001: following the law, a person can be exposed to such a radiation undergoing to no more that reversible injuries
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
Gauge Pressure allowed inside
pipe [MPa]
1° Type2.4 < P ≤ 6
2° Type1.2 < P ≤ 2.4
3° Type0.5 < P ≤ 1.2
Categories E E E
Pipe Diameter [mm] Safety Distance [m]
≤ 100 3.5 3.0 2.5
125 4.0 4.0 3.0
150 5.0 4.5 3.5
175 5.5 5.0 4.0
200 6.0 6.0 4.5
225 7.0 6.5 5.0
250 7.5 7.0 5.5
300 9.0 8.5 6.0
350 10.5 9.5 7.0
400 12.0 11.0 8.0
450 13.5 12.0 9.0
> 500 15.0 13.5 10.0
PROPOSED SAFETY DISTANCES
ICHS 2011 - San Francisco, USA - September 12 -14
Development of an Italian Fire Prevention Technical Rule for Hydrogen Pipelines
THANK YOU.
Contact Author:
Nicola Mattei (UNIPI-ITALY)
n.mattei@ing.unipi.it
Presented by:
Marco Carcassi (UNIPI-ITALY)
carcassi@ing.unipi.it
top related