dismounted map reading class-new

8/7/2019 DISMOUNTED MAP READING CLASS-New

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Task: 071-329-1006Task: 071-329-1006

Navigate from one point onNavigate from one point on

the ground to another pointthe ground to another point

while dismountedwhile dismounted

Reference:Reference:FM 3-25.26, STP 21-1-SMCTFM 3-25.26, STP 21-1-SMCT

Conditions

Given a standard

topographic map of thearea, scale 1:50,000, a

protractor, a compass, and

writing materials.

Standards

Moved on foot to designated points

at a rate of 3000 meters per hour .

Map ReadingMap Reading OverviewOverview

Marginal InformationMarginal Information

The instruction manual for The instruction manual for

your mapyour map

Topographic

Symbols

COLORS USED ON A MAP

• Black - Represents man-made features such as buildings and roads.

• Blue - Represents water such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and streams

• Green – Represents vegetation and forestry.

• Brown – Used for contour lines to identify elevation.

• Red- Used to indicate built up areas such as cities and also main highwayssuch as a 4 lane highway.

**Note – Other colors may be utilized on a map that are not part of the mainfive colors. The meaning of them can usually be found in the marginalinformation.

There are five main colors utilize on a map. The colors

help you to visualize what is on the surface of the

terrain. They each represent the following:

Terrain Features

By interpreting the configuration of By interpreting the configuration of

contour lines, a soldier can determinecontour lines, a soldier can determine

major terrain features that he or she maymajor terrain features that he or she mayencounter while navigating. Contour encounter while navigating. Contour

lines are the brown lines that you see onlines are the brown lines that you see on

a topographical map. They make up thea topographical map. They make up thebulk of information that is availablebulk of information that is available

pertaining to elevation and relief.pertaining to elevation and relief.

HillHill Top

Hill Tops are depicted by a small round circle. The groundslope downward from the circle in all directions

Saddle

A saddle is the dip or low point between two hill

tops. It is depicted by an hour shape contour going

around both hills.

Valley

A valley is land that has high ground or hills on both sides and usually

has water running through it. The water is usually a major river or creek

because it is the lowest area of the terrain and is all of the water runs

down to.

A ridge is simply the side of a hill and is depicted by the contour lines

around a hill top

DepressionDepression

A depression is a low point or hole in the ground with higher

ground encircling it. It is depicted on the map by an encircled

contour line with tick marks toward the center of the depression.

A draw is usually a small stream bed coming from higher

ground such as a hill top. Contour lines are V-shaped with the

point of the V toward the head of the draw (high ground).

A spur is a terrain feature that jarts out from the normalcontour of the ridge. In Figure 1-9, notice how the contour

radically changes at Mark “X” and spurs outward. Contour

lines depict a spur with the U or V pointing away from the high

ground.

A cliff is depicted in two different ways on a topographical

map. One method is when the contours merge together in asingle contour line and have tick marks toward the cliff side.

The other method is when the contours are so close together

that they almost mesh, such as in Figure 1-13.

Cut and Fill

Contour Lines

Contour Line

Intermediate

Contour Line

The contour interval is the amount of elevation change between each

contour line. The contour interval can be found in the marginal information

at the bottom of most topographical maps.

Contour Lines

How do we find the contour interval of the map?

Contour Lines

** Note - It is vital when you determine the contour interval that younote whether it is in feet, meters, or yards. All maps do not utilize

the same unit of measure for contour intervals.

Where Do Find the Grid Zone

Designators and the 100,000

Meter Identifier?

Grid Zone Designation

72W 32N72W 32N

100,000

Meter Square Identification

70 74737271

Identify Grid 71 29

Coordinate Scale

on Protractor

71 72 73

18S is the

Grid Zone

Designator

WK is the

100,000 meter

designator

0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

What is this

Coordinate?

71 72 73

18S is the

Grid Zone

Designator

WK is the

100,000 meter

designator

1000 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

What is this

Coordinate?

Let’s Plot Some Points

Determine Azimuth,

Grid and Magnetic

Converting Azimuths

Make sure you convert your

grid azimuth to a magnetic

azimuth before attempting touse it with a compass.

Azimuths Conversions can be found in you

marginal information next to the declinationdiagram

Let’s Determine SomeAzimuths

Graphic Scale

Straight Line

DistanceSTEP 1- Lay a straight-edged

piece of paper on the map so

that the edge of the paper

touches both points andextends past them. Make a tick

mark on the edge of the paper

at each point

Total Distance = 3,150 meters

STEP 2STEP 2- To convert the map distance to ground distance, move the paper - To convert the map distance to ground distance, move the paper

down to the graphic bar scale found at the bottom of your map.down to the graphic bar scale found at the bottom of your map.

1. Align the right tick mark with a printed number in the primary scale so that the left

tick mark is in the extension scale

2. With the right tick mark is aligned with the 1 mile mark in the primary scale,2. With the right tick mark is aligned with the 1 mile mark in the primary scale,

thus the distance is at least 1 mile. To determine the distance between the two points to thethus the distance is at least 1 mile. To determine the distance between the two points to the

nearest fraction of a mile, look at the extension scale. The extension scale is numbered with zeronearest fraction of a mile, look at the extension scale. The extension scale is numbered with zeroat the right and increases to the left. Each block of the extension scale is 100 meters or .10 km.at the right and increases to the left. Each block of the extension scale is 100 meters or .10 km.

From the “0” mark to your left side tick mark is 1.5 blocks or 150 meters. Add this to theFrom the “0” mark to your left side tick mark is 1.5 blocks or 150 meters. Add this to the

meters from the primary scale for a total of 3.15 km or 3,150 meters.meters from the primary scale for a total of 3.15 km or 3,150 meters.

Curved Line

DistanceSTEP 1STEP 1– Mark the beginning and– Mark the beginning and

end of the curved line you wishend of the curved line you wish

to measure.to measure.

At the beginning of the curvedAt the beginning of the curvedline, lay a straight-edged piece of line, lay a straight-edged piece of

paper on the map so that the edgepaper on the map so that the edge

of the paper touches the most flatof the paper touches the most flat

portion of the curved line. Makeportion of the curved line. Make

a tick mark at the beginning or a tick mark at the beginning or

your curved line and at where theyour curved line and at where the

line no longer touches the straightline no longer touches the straight

edge of the paper edge of the paper

Curved Line

Distance2) At the point of your second

tick mark, rotate your paper so

that the edge of the paper again

touches the most flat portion of

the curved line. Make another

tick mark where the curved lineno longer touches the straight

edge of the paper.

Curved Line

Distance

Repeat the process of marking

and rotating around each new

tick mark until you reach your

mark at the end of the curved

line that you are measuring

Curved Line

Distance

Step 2 - With the right tick mark is aligned with the 1 mile mark in the

primary scale, thus the distance is at least 1 km. To determine the distance

between the two points to the nearest fraction of a mile, look at the extension

scale. The extension scale is numbered with zero at the right and increases tothe left. Each block of the extension scale is 1/10 or .10 km. From the “0”

mark to your left side tick mark is 5.8 blocks or .58 km. Add this to the km

from the primary scale for a total of 2.8 km

Measure DistanceMeasure Distance

LIGHTNING DIVISION

2-309th Regiment

PRACTICAL EXERICISEPRACTICAL EXERICISE

The Lensatic Compass

Graduated Straight Edge

The lensatic compass consists of three majorparts: the cover, the base, and the lens.

Th L ti

The Lensatic

Compass Cont.

Red NumbersRed Numbersare degreesare degrees

Black NumbersBlack Numbers

are Milsare Mils

Compass to

Cheek Technique

Centerhold Technique

Orient a Map

The first step for a navigator in

the field is orienting the map.

A map is oriented when it is in a

horizontal position with its north

and south corresponding to the

north and south on the ground.

Orient a Map

Once the map is oriented, a

soldier can begin to visualize

the shape of the land by

studying the map, estimate

distances, and perform quick

resection from the many landmarks he sees around him.

Orient a Map

•By using terrain association

Two Techniques for Orientating a Map

•By using a Compass

Orient a Map

Using Terrain Association

Using this method requires

careful examination of themap and the ground, and the

user must know his

approximate location.

Orient a Map:

Terrain Association

Movement TechniquesMovement Techniques

Movement By:Movement By:

•Dead ReckoningDead Reckoning•Terrain AssociationTerrain Association

Dead ReckoningDead Reckoning

A technique of following a

set route or line for a

determined distance.

Dead Reckoning Steps

Step1 – Find the polar coordinate. Use a

protractor and graphic scales to determine thedirection and distance from one point to another

on a map.

Step2 - Use a compass and some means of

measuring distance to apply this information on

the ground.

Demonstration

wo soldier movement technique

Dead Reckoning

Steering Marks:

A landmark that is located on your azimuth that you

are following. Example:

•Lone trees

•Buildings•Rocks

•Any easily identifiable points

Dead Reckoning

Bypassing an obstacle

If you should encounter an obstacle, youmay have to detour around it.

BuildingBuilding

Pt 1 Pt 240 Meters

100 Meters

Clearing Obstacles

200 Meters

Terrain AssociationTerrain Association

**Note - The technique of moving by terrain

association is more forgiving of mistakes and

far less time-consuming than dead reckoning.

Navigation movements are adjusted

according to the familiar landmarksyou encounter along the way

Terrain AssociationTerrain AssociationStudy Your Route on the Map:

•Identifying and Locating Selected Features.

•Use Handrails, Catching Features, and Navigational

Attack Points.

**Note - Be certain the map is properly oriented when movingalong the route and use the terrain and other features as guides.

The orientation of the map must match the terrain or it can cause

confusion.

Pace CountPace Count

PRACTICAL EXERICISEPRACTICAL EXERICISE

DISMOUNTED LAND NAVDISMOUNTED LAND NAV

RULESRULES

1. GPS/PLGR IS NOT AUTHORIZED

2. CELL PHONE AND WALK-ABOUT USE IS ONLY AUTHORIZED FOR

EMERGENCIES

3. NAVIGATE WITH WEAPONS IN THE READY POSITION

4. NAVIGATE AS A TEAM AND IN SEQUENCE

5. DO NOT CROSS OR WALK ALONGSIDE ANY HARDBALLS. ANY

TEAM FOUND WALKIN ON A HARDBALL OR SHOULDER OF A

HARDBALL WILL RECEIVED A NO GO.

6. THIS IS A DEADREAKONING COURSE; TERRAIN ASSOCIATION

WILL WORK ONLY FOR FIRST AND LAST LEGS

7. DO NOT ENGAGE THE SWAMP; IT WILL WIN EVERY TIME

8. THIS IS NOT NIGHT LAND NAV; RETURN BEFORE DARK

dismounted map reading class-new

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