domestic indoor air quality and ventilation · domestic indoor air quality and ventilation....

A CPD Seminar by Vent-Axia

Domestic Indoor Air Qualityand Ventilation

Domestic Indoor Air Qualityand Ventilation

Agenda

• Why Ventilate?• Condensation and Indoor Air Quality• How to Reduce Humidity Levels• Building Regulations Part F• Low Carbon Energy Efficient Ventilation• Competent Persons Scheme• Building Regulations Part L – (the Relevant Parts)• Alternative Approach - PIV

Direction

• Energy is changing our industry

• 25% of total energy used in the UK is by HVAC within buildings

• Regulations drive our business and have a road map to deliver Low Carbon Homes from 2016 onwards and other buildings from 2020

Houses Lose HeatWhere does it go?

• Tighter Modern Buildings

• Higher Humidity Levels

• CONDENSATION!

Why do we need Ventilation in our Homes?

Condensation

The ‘average’ family produces approximately15 litres of moisture per day – (about 27 pints in old money)

Your daily delivery of moisture looks like this!

Moisture Generation

• Asleep - 40cc/h per person

• Active - 55cc/h per person

• Cooking - 3000cc/day

Moisture Generation

• Dishwashing - 400cc/day

• Bathing - 200cc/day per person

• Drying clothes indoors -1500cc/day per person

• Moisture generated by the previous activities will gravitate to a cold surface

• Walls, Ceiling, Floors & Soft furnishings quickly show signs of Black Mould:

• A Toxic Fungus: ‘Stachybotrys Chartarum’

What are the effects of Condensation ?

What are the effects of Condensation ?

• Rooms subjected to long periods of high humidity levels (above 70%RH) will be affected

Health Issues

Condensation is not only damaging to the fabric of the building but also it’s occupants

Asthma and other respiratory diseases are on the increase in the UK with one in three families suffering

Volatile Organic

Compounds

Odours

Symptoms

Allergy

Symptoms

Asthma

The Allergy TriggersHouse Dust Mite (HDM)

Dermatophagoides Pteronyssinus ‘Skin Eating Feather Mite’

• The droppings of the HDM contain the allergen DER P1

• A typical mattress can contain tens of thousands of dust mites

• Nearly 100,000 mites can live in one square yard of carpet

How can we reduce Humidity Levels?

Three elements have to be in place

• Adequate Heating– Air is like a sponge - the warmer it is the more

moisture it will hold.

• Adequate Insulation– Prevents cold surfaces for moisture to condense

• Adequate Ventilation– Removes excess moisture & provides oxygen for

the occupants to live and breathe

Approved Document F

New Structure 2010

Legalrequirements in

the Building Regulations and

Part F of Schedule 1

1st Tier

ApprovedDocument

F

2nd Tier

DomesticVentilation

Installation and Commissioning

Guide

3nd Tier

Industry, Guides, Good practice

Guides, Codes of practices and

standards

Both ADF and ADL refer to additional guides in the form of 2nd and 3rd tier documents

Compliance

Design Performance CriteriaMeans of ventilation and airflow rate based on dwelling permeability

Installation and CommissioningInstalled performance to be achieved through Competent Persons scheme

Operation and MaintenanceEnd user information to ensure effective use and maintenance

Design Performance• Dwelling Air

Permeability<5m3/(h.m2)@50Pa

Dwelling Air Permeability >5m3/(h.m2)@50Pa

There are 4 Systems in Part F They work differently and vary in energy efficiencies:

1.Background ventilators and intermittent extract fans2.Passive Stack Ventilation3.Continuous Mechanical Extract 4.Continuous Mechanical Supply and Extract with Heat Recovery (MVHR)

Part F Ventilation Systems

Impeller Designs -2 Main Types:

Axial:• Ideal for through the wall or

window applications• Should not be used with

ducting longer than 3 metres

Centrifugal:• Ideal for ducted application• Good pressure development

• Both are used in ventilation systems in Part F

Part F System 1 Intermittent Extract Fans

Intermittent Extract Fans are normally Axial Flow

What is Lo-Carbon?

• Energy efficient ventilation solutions• Lower energy consumption - up to 90% savings• Lower maintenance – 5 year motor life• Meets current and future energy targets• Meets environmental targets• Sustainable – longer service life• An affordable alternative to AC products

Lo-Carbon -100mm Axial Bathroom Fan

Applications: Panel or Wall

Models:Pull CordTimerHumidity

Sound AC: 32dBASound Lo-Carbon: 32dBA

Watts AC: 20 Watts Lo-Carbon: 5

Airflow AC: 90m³/hAirflow Lo-Carbon: 90m³/h

Specific Fan Power (SFP): 0.27

Lo-CarbonCentrifugal Bathroom Fan

Sound AC: 42dBASound Lo-Carbon: 42dBA

AC watts: 20 Lo-Carbon watts:5.3

Airflow AC: 90m³/hAirflow Lo-Carbon: 105m³/h

Specific Fan Power (SFP): 0.43

Applications: Panel or Wall

Tomorrows Solutions Today

Lo-Carbon 150 Axial Kitchen Fan

Applications: Panel or Wall

Available Summer 2009

Models:BasicTimerHumidity

Specific Fan Power (SFP): 0.15

Ventilation Energy Uses

• As well as heat loss, intermittent ventilation has other energy penalties:

– Over ventilation – Over use is often an issue (research showed Humidity sensors reduced running time by 40%)

– Motors – The motors use electricity to run

Part F System 3 MEV

Decentralised MEV(Axial Flow)

Centralised MEV(Centrifugal)

The Next Generation

• The next generation of decentralised continuous systems

Lo-CarbonContinuous Running Fans

Continuous

Motor Consumption

Intermittent

Lo-CarbonContinuous Running

• Full range of controls– Timer– Humidity/Timer– Humidity Pull-Cord

• SELV versions– Timer– Humidity/Timer– Humidity/Pull-Cord

Ancillaries

• Window kit

• Conversion plate –150mm diameter to 100mm

Motor Consumption Comparison

Hours a Day

Motorconsumptionwatts

kW/h per year

Price per kW/h

Total cost per year

Kitchen*Lo-CarbonContinuous 23 1.4 11.75 0.12 £1.41

1 2.4 0.88 0.12 £0.11

Bathroom 24 1.4 12.26 0.12 £1.47

Continuous total £2.99

KitchenIntermittentCentrifugal 2 60 43.8 0.12 £5.26

Bathroom 2 29 21.17 0.12 £2.54

Intermittent total £7.80

*Kitchen fan running for 23 hours on trickle and 1 hour boost

Lo-CarbonSingle Room Heat Recovery

• A fan which recovers up to 80% of the heat from extracted air and puts it back into the fresh incoming air.

• The unique twin impeller design consumes as little as 2.0 Watts and operates almost silently on trickle setting.

• Complies with Part F, System 1 and may also be used in conjunction with System 3, continuous mechanical extract ventilation.

• Low energy consumption means the SRHR exceeds the energy saving requirements in Part L, Conservation of Fuel and Power.

• Switching from trickle to boost by switched Live, Pull cord or Humidistat. Overrun and delay start timer.

• The extract-only Summer Setting helps keep you cool by closing off the intake from outside, reducing the amount of warm air entering the dwelling.

Centrifugal Lo-Carbon

Features

Motor Consumption

SRHR Hours a Day

Motorconsumptionwatts

kW/h per year

Price per kW/h

Total cost per year

Kitchen* Trickle 23 2.0 16.79 0.12 £2.01

Boost 1 5.1 1.86 0.12 £0.22

Bathroom SRHR 24 2.0 17.52 0.12 £2.10

Continuous Total £4.33

KitchenCentrifugal

Kitchen 2 60 43.8 0.12 £5.26

BathroomCentrifugalBathroom 2 29 21.17 0.12 £2.54

Intermittent Total £7.80

*Kitchen fan running for 23 hours on trickle and 1 hour boost

Electrical Goods –Energy Consumption Comparison

Part F Ventilation SystemsSystem 4 MVHR

Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery(Centrifugal)

System 4 (MVHR Range)

MVHR units should be SAP Appendix Q Listed

Top performing MVHR SAP Q product will help with compliance

Various models to meet project requirements

Compact and light weight

Easy access filters for annual maintenance.

100% Speed Control for accurate site commissioning

User and Contractor friendly controls

Automatic Integral control options

Counter Flow Heat ExchangerThe Counterflow Heat Exchanger is the most efficient giving 90% Thermal Efficiency

How Does it Work?

If the External Ambient is Zero Degrees

If Internal Temperatureis 20 degrees

Exhaust Temperature willbe 2 degrees

Supply temperature willbe 18 degrees

OUTSIDE

INSIDE

90%+ Efficiency

Counter Flow Heat Exchanger

Noise

• Continuous Mechanical ventilation systems should be below 35dBA on trickle speed

Main Changes - 2010 Edition

• Ventilation will become a controlled service needing sign off by a “competentperson”

• 2nd tier “Domestic Ventilation Installation and Commissioning Guide” with a sign off sheet

• All ventilation systems shall be commissioned (including Intermittent Fans and Cooker Hoods)

• Commissioning checklist to be passed to Building Control

Competent Persons Scheme

• BPEC have developed a Domestic Ventilation Systems 2010 course

• Aimed at installers of all ventilation systems

• Delivered by manufacturers, colleges and independent trainers

• If systems are installed by ‘Approved Installers’ SAP scores can be enhanced

Information for the Occupier

The owner/occupier shall be given sufficient information about the ventilation system and its maintenance requirements so that the ventilation system can be operated to provide adequate air flow. This should apply to natural and mechanical systems in new dwellings

Approved Document L

Part L1 - Domestic

Comparison Chart

Low Carbon Motors AC Motors

Product - Intermittent l/s Watts SFP (w/l/s) l/s Watts SFP (w/l/s)

100mm Bathroom Axial 25 6.5 0.26 25 15 0.60100mm SELV Bathroom Axial 25 6.5 0.26 21 16 0.76Slim Profile 100mm Bathroom Axial 24 6.5 0.27 26 16 0.62Slim Profile 100mm SELV Bathroom Axial 26 7.5 0.29 26 18 0.69Shower Fan 31 6.5 0.21 30 15 0.50Shower Fan and Light 31 6.5 0.21 31 40 1.29Centrifugal Bathroom Fan VAR VAR 0.50 VAR VAR 0.92Centrifugal Bathroom SELV Fan VAR VAR 0.50 n/a n/a n/a150mm Kitchen Axial 64 11.5 0.18 n/a n/a n/aSlim Profile 150 Kitchen Axial 67 8.2 0.12 67 20 0.30

Low Carbon Motors AC Motors

Product - Continuous l/s Watts SFP (w/l/s) l/s Watts SFP (w/l/s)

Continuous Axial VAR VAR 0.18 n/a n/a n/aContinuous Axial SELV VAR VAR 0.18 n/a n/a n/aContinuous Centrifugal VAR VAR 0.38 n/a n/a n/aContinuous Centrifugal SELV VAR VAR 0.38 n/a n/a n/a

Part L and Solar Gain

Criterion 3 –Limiting the Effects of Solar Gain

• 4.25 – If ventilation is provided using a balanced system, consideration should be given to providing a summer bypass function during warm weather so that the ventilation is more effective in reducing overheating.

Part L1 SummaryImportant Features of Part L

• TER 25% improvement over 2006

• SAP Q is retained

• Minimum Specific Fan Power across ventilation systems

• MVHR efficiency no less that 70%

Alternative ApproachPositive Input Ventilation

Positive Input Ventilation(PIV)

• Selectable air capacities to suit house volumes up to 400m³

• Lo Carbon Motor for very low running costs

• Ultra low sound level• EU4 Filter• Loft unit to be hung from rafters

or supported on AV mounts• Integral heater option • Integral time elapse meter• 5 year warranty

Positive Input Ventilation(PIV)

Positive Pressure –Loft Mounted

Positive Pressure –Flat Mounted

Positive Pressure –Flat Mounted

• Selectable air capacities to suit house volumes up to 100m³

• Lo Carbon Motor for very low running costs

• Ultra low sound level• EU4 Filter• 6 speed capability; two speeds

selected on installation.• Integral heater option • Round to rectangular duct

connection included• 5 year warranty

The Future of Ventilation

• Lo-Carbon Technology is becoming standard• AC products are being phased out• Continuous Ventilation with or without Heat

Recovery in the Kitchen and Bathroom is becoming the system of choice

• Whole House Heat Recovery:The most efficient form of ventilation available for social housing on both refurbishment and new build

Thank you for your Attention