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50-603.indd , , 10%
.
10
,
·
50 6 2015(621~639)
Regional Physical Distribution Systems of Parts Supply for Automobile Assembly in Korea
Ju-Seong Han*
: 1990 , ,
, IT ,
.
1
. .
, 1
JIT
.
.
: , , , ,
Abstract : The aim of this study is to consider the physical distribution system of assembly supplied from 1st supplier and module corporation to automobile assembly plant through analysis of existing literatures and interview survey. The major findings of this study are as follows. Parts supply of automobile are to bind together with many regional parts supplier than using multi frequency and small delivery of JIT. Regional physical distribution center of joint parts and integrated physical distribution information center is to be installed in neighboring region of automobile assembly plant in order to reduce the transport cost by designating and activating multiple physical distribution and transport companies in each automobile assembly plant and turning into effective high volume shipping system.
Key Words : just-in time, modularization, parts supply, physical distribution system, automobile assembly
* (Emeritus Professor, Chungbuk National University), jshan@chungbuk.ac.kr
- 622 -
.
,
.
1997
, ,
, IT
, (modularization)1)
(, 2004, 173).
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
(, 2004, 185-186).
·
(1993) .
·
,
,
, .
(1987)
,
(1999)
.
(2007; 2008) .
(2010)
(1984), ,
(2001) .
1
.
1
.
.
, 2013
71.4% ·
, ·
,
, ·
.
OEM
, , 2013
74 8,303 67.8%
, 28.1%, 4.1%
.
.
1 , 1
2 , 2
3 .
- 623 -
35.7%(·, 2013, 158)
.
2013 9522) 1
,
38.6% ,
(37.0%) (20.3%) (
1).
1
.
·
.
.
, 3) 60.4%, 4)
31.0%, 5) 6.1%, 6) 2.4%
(·, 2012, 79).
.
·, GM,
, .7)
2014
2014 ,
2015 1~5
.
669 74.5% ,
229 1/3( 2).
898
, ,
, GM ,
54.2% .
44.2%,
79.2%
( 1).
48.4%
( 3).
1. (2013)
347 332 322 182 243 221 200 1,847(898)
(%) 18.8 18.0 17.4 9.8 13.2 12.0 10.8 100.0
(%)
38.6 37.0 35.9 20.3 27.1 24.6 22.3 -
( ) 224,402 177,411 65,850 20,564 11,547 3,312 4,266 507,352
% 44.2 35.0 13.0 4.1 2.3 0.6 0.8 100.0
: (http://www.kaica.or.kr).
,
(·, 2012, 70).
1) JIT
8)
. JIT
. ,
. ,
. ,
(lead time) . ,
· ·
(, 2005, 197). JIT
(Lean)9).
(, 2002; ·, 2004). JIT
JIT
. JIT
,
Estall(1985)
. JIT
(Hudson and Sadler, 1992)
Schoenberger (1987),
Schamp(
, 2005, 198),
·
(Mair et al., 1988).
JIT
JIT
2. (2013)
50 50∼99 100∼299 300∼1,000 1,001
247 177 218 27* 191 38 898
% 27.5 47.0 25.5 100.0
: (http://www.kaica.or.kr).
1 2 3 4 5 6
435 228 96 65 46 28 898
% 48.4 25.4 10.7 7.2 5.1 3.1 100.0
: , 2014, 2014 , 30.
- 625 -
.
. JIT
,
(Linge, 1991) .
·
.
JIT
(·, 2006,
40-41).
.
(1994; 1995; 1998) ()
() (
)
.
, ,
(milk run)10)
.
.
,
(, 2005,
474).
,
JIT .
.
JIT
(, 2005, 474).
, ,
, · ,
, ·
,
, JIT
(Linge, 1992).
,
·
(2008) .
JIT
(Just in Se-
quence, JIS)11)
.
ization), (deverticalization),
, ·
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008, 158-
159). Storper and Salais(1997)
(possible world)12) ‘ ’
‘ ’
- 626 -
(module production)
(cell production)13)
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008, 171).
(set)
.14)
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008, 158).
(codified knowledge)
(implicit knowledge)
.
.
,
.
. ,
,
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008,
158).
·· ,
(·, 2006, 46).
Frigant and
Lung(2002) . Takeno
,
.
1990
(Kaneko and
Nojiri, 2008, 159).
(carpeak)
,
·
,
.
2·3
. (2007)
,
.
.
.
(2011)
, ,
,
2000
.
,
. ·(2013)
Gereffi (2005, 89)
,
- 627 -
(captive)
,
.
.
(Hamilton, 1995, 13-42). JIT
.
.
,
.
3.
.
.
, 3
2 2 1
,
1
.
(, )
1 1
.
70%
,
(·, 2012, 67-68).
15)
(long-term relationship) ,
(·, 2012, 72-73).
.
.
, ·,
, ·, GM
, ,
,
,
.
- 628 -
898 22.4% ,
, , . ·
56 ,
(53), (50),
(43), 40,
(35), (33),
(27), ,
26, (23),
(22), (21), (20)
( 4, 2)
(Scott, 1988) .
2
, ·
12.3%
, ··GM·
(10.7%), GM(10.6%) , 46.4%
( 5).
.
,
16)
·
17)
.
·· () ,
·· 51
,
347 14.7% .
33,
53, 104, 1 46
.
····,
50 14.4% 4. · (2013)
· %
35 3.9 84 9.4 54 6.0 58 6.5 26 2.9 10 1.1 39 4.3 6 0.7 201 22.4 3 0.3 23 2.6 82 9.1 71 7.9 7 0.8 59 6.6 140 15.6
0 0.0
898 100.0
- 629 -
.
·, 23
6.6% .
13, 23,
44, 60 .
, ···
23 ,
332
6.9% .
14, 25, 41,
50 .
·
, 28 8.4%
. 22,
38, 41, 63
.
···· , 61
18.4% .
34,
44, 59, 71
.
····
, 98
GM 322
30.4% .
23, 38,
43, 67 .
·,
12 3.7% .
18, 22
, 54, 64
. ·,
· ,
37 11.5% .
20, 27,
79, 83 .
··· ,
53
181
29.3% .
37, 52,
99, 107 .
·
···
68
, 56, 65
. ·,
· ,
25 10.3% .
19, 28
, 46, 59
5.
% %
29 3.0 ··GM 23 2.4 20 2.1 ·· 61 6.4
GM 101 10.6 ··GM· 102 10.7 · 117 12.3 442 46.4
·GM 1 0.1 54 5.7
·GM 2 0.2 952 100.0
- 630 -
43
,
3.7~30.4% .
27, 39,
JIT
.
,
6. ·
··
··
···
··
··,
, ·,
43.3 - 26.5 38.6 103.7 107.0
- 631 -
115.0 , 3 4 (2.2%) 205.0
, 101 (55.8%) 3
418.7 .
, 2001
30 Lee (
, 2007, 442)
180 2
(Mair et al., 1988, 366)
.
1~2 (Glasmeier and
McCluskey, 1987, 154-155).
18).
(Electronic Data Interchange,
(Korea
Network eXchange, KNX)
.
1
,
. ·
(Consolidate
Center, C/C)19)
( ·A
).
, GM (Lead
C/C
1.5
.
(A ·B
).
,
.
(outsourcing)
,
(, 2002, 70).
·
.
1995
(, 2004,
169-170; Rogers and Bottaci, 1997).
- 632 -
. 2004
12.5~36.0%
(Volkswagen Passat)
37%(, 2007, 41-42)
,
3 4 (
, 2004, 165-166;
).
,20)
,21) 22)
(,
2007, 48-50).
1 ·
. 2011 1
15.6% ,
(8.1%), (2.0%),
,
(, 2004, 190).
, (rear chassis), ,
, (roof head lin-
ing), (door sealed) 6
. 2002
MIPS(Mobis Integrated Procurement System)
2004
SMART(Smart MOBIS Agent for Reaching Global
Top 10) ·
(
, 2007, 344). 1998
1999
1
. 1( )·2
( )
RV(Recreational Vehicle)
,
.
2002
·
. 2002
, 2002
3
(
·
,
.
15, 10
20 .
3
( , 2011, 365).
1976
- 633 -
2004
2009
2014
3 .
,
· ,
,
,
,
.
(
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
, JIT
.
,
.
(Helper, 1990).
(made in plant) , ,
,
,
.
20
. 1
300~400 ,
169
, 1 990
1
5.9, 303
1 1,504
1
5.0(, 2001,
·
5 (wing body)
.
· 2/3
,
·
.
2~3 8~11
.
1~5 ,
.
- 634 -
1 (A
).
,
· .
2
,
.
provider) 1
·.
1 650 ,
(synchro) 23) .
8 2
5 11
50% 80 ,
38 .
( ).
3
. 3
·
. ·
, GM ,
, A/S
JIS JIT ,
.
C/C
, 2~3
. 6~7
15 20 ,
(vendor)
. C/C ·
,
.
5.
,
.
3/4 , 15
,
. ·· , ··
, ···,
·, ,
, , ,
.
.
27, 39
, JIT
.
229, 2 56
.
.
.
48.4% ,
.
,
.
·
2/3
C/C
. ,
GM ,
.
.
····
·
,
15,
10 20
3 .
··
, ·
,
, ,
3 .
,
, JIT
.
.
, 1
5.9,
303 1
5.0
1~2 . ·
2/3 , ·
.
1~5 3/4 ,
.
, 1
.
1 650
, .
.
3
, ·
, GM ,
JIS JIT
, . C/C
,
.
C/C
.
, 1
JIT
C/C
.
- 636 -
.
. (instrument
panel) , , ,
(cockpit:
, , , , ),
,
(suspension), (steer-
ing), (brake), [chassis:
(axle), , (sub-frame)
40 ],
, , ,
(front-end), , .
(Sturgeon, 2002).
2) 54 .
3)
,
.
4)
.
,
.
.
0.6%, 0.8%
1% .
8) () JIT
,
(multi-skilled)
.
. ,
,
. ,
.
, JIT .
JIT
. JIT
. ,
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008, 156-158).
9)
JIT
.
10)
(lot) JIT
.
(
, 2001, 553-554).
.
,
.
.
11) JIS , , 3
(real) ‘’ .
12) ,
4
. , ,
, .
,
,
(, 2015, 3).
13) ,
,
.
14)
. 1 , 1
- 637 -
,
. 2 1 2·3
. 3
1
. 4 (black/gray box
design) 1
··
.
1990 (,
2002).
,
,
,
.
.
17) · (http://map.naver.com)
.
1995 .
249 81.5% 1989
(, 2014, 125-251).
.
JIT
(subassembly) ,
.
20) ,
(architec-
ture) ,
.
,
.
22) ·
.
23) , (
)
(,
2001, 553).
,
.
- -,” ,
( 92), 351-385.
,” , 42, 434-452.
, 2008, “
,” , 11(3), 125-138.
,” , 2, 153-194.
, .
-,” , 25(3), 35-54.
, 1987,
- -,
.
.
- -,
.
- 638 -
.
( 50), 186-213.
- -,” , 47,
149-184.
,” (
), 38(4), 99-123.
, 356-376.
-
, .
--,”
, 50, 26-45.
1-24.
just-in-time system and its locational implication,
Area, 17, 129-133.
and supplying relationship in modular produc-
tion, Actes du GERPISA, 34, 34-49.
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J. and Sturgeon, T., 2005, The
governance of global value chains, Review of Inter-
national Political Economy, 12, 78-104.
Glasmeier, A.K. and McCluskey, R.E., 1987, U.S. auto
parts production: an analysis of the organization
and location of a changing industry, Economic Geo-
graphy, 63, 142-159.
and its Environment: Spatial Perspectives, Aveburg,
Gower.
US and Japanese auto industries: an exit/voice
approach, Business and Economic History, 19, 153-
162.
and the European automotive components indus-
try, International Journal of Physical Distribution
and Logistics, 22, 40-45.
Kaneko, J. and Nojiri, W., 2008, The logistics of just-in
time between parts suppliers and car assemblers
in Japan, Journal of Transport Geography, 16, 155-
173.
Economic Geography, 67, 316-332.
Australian Geographer, 22, 67-76.
Mair, A., Florida, R. and Kenney, M., 1988, The new geo-
graphy of automobile production: Japanese trans-
plants in North America, Economic Geography, 64,
352-373.
systems: a new manufacturing paradigm, Journal
of Intelligent Manufacturing, 8, 147-156.
Schoenberger, E., 1987, Technological and organizational
change in automobile production: spatial implica-
- 639 -
Scott, A.J., 1988, New Industrial Spaces: Flexible Production
Organization and Regional Development in North
America and Western Europe, Pion, London.
Storper, M. and Salais, R., 1997, Worlds of Production: The
Action Frameworks of the Economy, Harvard Uni-
versity Press, Cambridge.
American industrial organization, Industrial and
Corporate Change, 13, 451-496.
1106(, )(: jshan@chungbuk.
Ogeum-dong, 4 Macheon-ro 7gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05656
Korea (e-mail: jshan@chungbuk.ac.kr)
.
10
,
·
50 6 2015(621~639)
Regional Physical Distribution Systems of Parts Supply for Automobile Assembly in Korea
Ju-Seong Han*
: 1990 , ,
, IT ,
.
1
. .
, 1
JIT
.
.
: , , , ,
Abstract : The aim of this study is to consider the physical distribution system of assembly supplied from 1st supplier and module corporation to automobile assembly plant through analysis of existing literatures and interview survey. The major findings of this study are as follows. Parts supply of automobile are to bind together with many regional parts supplier than using multi frequency and small delivery of JIT. Regional physical distribution center of joint parts and integrated physical distribution information center is to be installed in neighboring region of automobile assembly plant in order to reduce the transport cost by designating and activating multiple physical distribution and transport companies in each automobile assembly plant and turning into effective high volume shipping system.
Key Words : just-in time, modularization, parts supply, physical distribution system, automobile assembly
* (Emeritus Professor, Chungbuk National University), jshan@chungbuk.ac.kr
- 622 -
.
,
.
1997
, ,
, IT
, (modularization)1)
(, 2004, 173).
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
(, 2004, 185-186).
·
(1993) .
·
,
,
, .
(1987)
,
(1999)
.
(2007; 2008) .
(2010)
(1984), ,
(2001) .
1
.
1
.
.
, 2013
71.4% ·
, ·
,
, ·
.
OEM
, , 2013
74 8,303 67.8%
, 28.1%, 4.1%
.
.
1 , 1
2 , 2
3 .
- 623 -
35.7%(·, 2013, 158)
.
2013 9522) 1
,
38.6% ,
(37.0%) (20.3%) (
1).
1
.
·
.
.
, 3) 60.4%, 4)
31.0%, 5) 6.1%, 6) 2.4%
(·, 2012, 79).
.
·, GM,
, .7)
2014
2014 ,
2015 1~5
.
669 74.5% ,
229 1/3( 2).
898
, ,
, GM ,
54.2% .
44.2%,
79.2%
( 1).
48.4%
( 3).
1. (2013)
347 332 322 182 243 221 200 1,847(898)
(%) 18.8 18.0 17.4 9.8 13.2 12.0 10.8 100.0
(%)
38.6 37.0 35.9 20.3 27.1 24.6 22.3 -
( ) 224,402 177,411 65,850 20,564 11,547 3,312 4,266 507,352
% 44.2 35.0 13.0 4.1 2.3 0.6 0.8 100.0
: (http://www.kaica.or.kr).
,
(·, 2012, 70).
1) JIT
8)
. JIT
. ,
. ,
. ,
(lead time) . ,
· ·
(, 2005, 197). JIT
(Lean)9).
(, 2002; ·, 2004). JIT
JIT
. JIT
,
Estall(1985)
. JIT
(Hudson and Sadler, 1992)
Schoenberger (1987),
Schamp(
, 2005, 198),
·
(Mair et al., 1988).
JIT
JIT
2. (2013)
50 50∼99 100∼299 300∼1,000 1,001
247 177 218 27* 191 38 898
% 27.5 47.0 25.5 100.0
: (http://www.kaica.or.kr).
1 2 3 4 5 6
435 228 96 65 46 28 898
% 48.4 25.4 10.7 7.2 5.1 3.1 100.0
: , 2014, 2014 , 30.
- 625 -
.
. JIT
,
(Linge, 1991) .
·
.
JIT
(·, 2006,
40-41).
.
(1994; 1995; 1998) ()
() (
)
.
, ,
(milk run)10)
.
.
,
(, 2005,
474).
,
JIT .
.
JIT
(, 2005, 474).
, ,
, · ,
, ·
,
, JIT
(Linge, 1992).
,
·
(2008) .
JIT
(Just in Se-
quence, JIS)11)
.
ization), (deverticalization),
, ·
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008, 158-
159). Storper and Salais(1997)
(possible world)12) ‘ ’
‘ ’
- 626 -
(module production)
(cell production)13)
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008, 171).
(set)
.14)
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008, 158).
(codified knowledge)
(implicit knowledge)
.
.
,
.
. ,
,
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008,
158).
·· ,
(·, 2006, 46).
Frigant and
Lung(2002) . Takeno
,
.
1990
(Kaneko and
Nojiri, 2008, 159).
(carpeak)
,
·
,
.
2·3
. (2007)
,
.
.
.
(2011)
, ,
,
2000
.
,
. ·(2013)
Gereffi (2005, 89)
,
- 627 -
(captive)
,
.
.
(Hamilton, 1995, 13-42). JIT
.
.
,
.
3.
.
.
, 3
2 2 1
,
1
.
(, )
1 1
.
70%
,
(·, 2012, 67-68).
15)
(long-term relationship) ,
(·, 2012, 72-73).
.
.
, ·,
, ·, GM
, ,
,
,
.
- 628 -
898 22.4% ,
, , . ·
56 ,
(53), (50),
(43), 40,
(35), (33),
(27), ,
26, (23),
(22), (21), (20)
( 4, 2)
(Scott, 1988) .
2
, ·
12.3%
, ··GM·
(10.7%), GM(10.6%) , 46.4%
( 5).
.
,
16)
·
17)
.
·· () ,
·· 51
,
347 14.7% .
33,
53, 104, 1 46
.
····,
50 14.4% 4. · (2013)
· %
35 3.9 84 9.4 54 6.0 58 6.5 26 2.9 10 1.1 39 4.3 6 0.7 201 22.4 3 0.3 23 2.6 82 9.1 71 7.9 7 0.8 59 6.6 140 15.6
0 0.0
898 100.0
- 629 -
.
·, 23
6.6% .
13, 23,
44, 60 .
, ···
23 ,
332
6.9% .
14, 25, 41,
50 .
·
, 28 8.4%
. 22,
38, 41, 63
.
···· , 61
18.4% .
34,
44, 59, 71
.
····
, 98
GM 322
30.4% .
23, 38,
43, 67 .
·,
12 3.7% .
18, 22
, 54, 64
. ·,
· ,
37 11.5% .
20, 27,
79, 83 .
··· ,
53
181
29.3% .
37, 52,
99, 107 .
·
···
68
, 56, 65
. ·,
· ,
25 10.3% .
19, 28
, 46, 59
5.
% %
29 3.0 ··GM 23 2.4 20 2.1 ·· 61 6.4
GM 101 10.6 ··GM· 102 10.7 · 117 12.3 442 46.4
·GM 1 0.1 54 5.7
·GM 2 0.2 952 100.0
- 630 -
43
,
3.7~30.4% .
27, 39,
JIT
.
,
6. ·
··
··
···
··
··,
, ·,
43.3 - 26.5 38.6 103.7 107.0
- 631 -
115.0 , 3 4 (2.2%) 205.0
, 101 (55.8%) 3
418.7 .
, 2001
30 Lee (
, 2007, 442)
180 2
(Mair et al., 1988, 366)
.
1~2 (Glasmeier and
McCluskey, 1987, 154-155).
18).
(Electronic Data Interchange,
(Korea
Network eXchange, KNX)
.
1
,
. ·
(Consolidate
Center, C/C)19)
( ·A
).
, GM (Lead
C/C
1.5
.
(A ·B
).
,
.
(outsourcing)
,
(, 2002, 70).
·
.
1995
(, 2004,
169-170; Rogers and Bottaci, 1997).
- 632 -
. 2004
12.5~36.0%
(Volkswagen Passat)
37%(, 2007, 41-42)
,
3 4 (
, 2004, 165-166;
).
,20)
,21) 22)
(,
2007, 48-50).
1 ·
. 2011 1
15.6% ,
(8.1%), (2.0%),
,
(, 2004, 190).
, (rear chassis), ,
, (roof head lin-
ing), (door sealed) 6
. 2002
MIPS(Mobis Integrated Procurement System)
2004
SMART(Smart MOBIS Agent for Reaching Global
Top 10) ·
(
, 2007, 344). 1998
1999
1
. 1( )·2
( )
RV(Recreational Vehicle)
,
.
2002
·
. 2002
, 2002
3
(
·
,
.
15, 10
20 .
3
( , 2011, 365).
1976
- 633 -
2004
2009
2014
3 .
,
· ,
,
,
,
.
(
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
, JIT
.
,
.
(Helper, 1990).
(made in plant) , ,
,
,
.
20
. 1
300~400 ,
169
, 1 990
1
5.9, 303
1 1,504
1
5.0(, 2001,
·
5 (wing body)
.
· 2/3
,
·
.
2~3 8~11
.
1~5 ,
.
- 634 -
1 (A
).
,
· .
2
,
.
provider) 1
·.
1 650 ,
(synchro) 23) .
8 2
5 11
50% 80 ,
38 .
( ).
3
. 3
·
. ·
, GM ,
, A/S
JIS JIT ,
.
C/C
, 2~3
. 6~7
15 20 ,
(vendor)
. C/C ·
,
.
5.
,
.
3/4 , 15
,
. ·· , ··
, ···,
·, ,
, , ,
.
.
27, 39
, JIT
.
229, 2 56
.
.
.
48.4% ,
.
,
.
·
2/3
C/C
. ,
GM ,
.
.
····
·
,
15,
10 20
3 .
··
, ·
,
, ,
3 .
,
, JIT
.
.
, 1
5.9,
303 1
5.0
1~2 . ·
2/3 , ·
.
1~5 3/4 ,
.
, 1
.
1 650
, .
.
3
, ·
, GM ,
JIS JIT
, . C/C
,
.
C/C
.
, 1
JIT
C/C
.
- 636 -
.
. (instrument
panel) , , ,
(cockpit:
, , , , ),
,
(suspension), (steer-
ing), (brake), [chassis:
(axle), , (sub-frame)
40 ],
, , ,
(front-end), , .
(Sturgeon, 2002).
2) 54 .
3)
,
.
4)
.
,
.
.
0.6%, 0.8%
1% .
8) () JIT
,
(multi-skilled)
.
. ,
,
. ,
.
, JIT .
JIT
. JIT
. ,
(Kaneko and Nojiri, 2008, 156-158).
9)
JIT
.
10)
(lot) JIT
.
(
, 2001, 553-554).
.
,
.
.
11) JIS , , 3
(real) ‘’ .
12) ,
4
. , ,
, .
,
,
(, 2015, 3).
13) ,
,
.
14)
. 1 , 1
- 637 -
,
. 2 1 2·3
. 3
1
. 4 (black/gray box
design) 1
··
.
1990 (,
2002).
,
,
,
.
.
17) · (http://map.naver.com)
.
1995 .
249 81.5% 1989
(, 2014, 125-251).
.
JIT
(subassembly) ,
.
20) ,
(architec-
ture) ,
.
,
.
22) ·
.
23) , (
)
(,
2001, 553).
,
.
- -,” ,
( 92), 351-385.
,” , 42, 434-452.
, 2008, “
,” , 11(3), 125-138.
,” , 2, 153-194.
, .
-,” , 25(3), 35-54.
, 1987,
- -,
.
.
- -,
.
- 638 -
.
( 50), 186-213.
- -,” , 47,
149-184.
,” (
), 38(4), 99-123.
, 356-376.
-
, .
--,”
, 50, 26-45.
1-24.
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1106(, )(: jshan@chungbuk.
Ogeum-dong, 4 Macheon-ro 7gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05656
Korea (e-mail: jshan@chungbuk.ac.kr)
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