east crops moran (animations) feb 2016

Canola and Dry Beans

Meghan Moran Canola & Edible Bean Specialist meghan.moran@ontario.ca

519-546-1725

Canola Performance Trials Emergence Seeding Rates Stand Uniformity Swede Midge Monitoring Dry Beans Performance Trials Profitability Comparisons Adzuki Beans

Ontario Canola Performance Trials 3 Year Summary

Variety Yield Days to Days to Height Lodging

1000-Seed

Weight Green Brown Seed Seed

(lb / ac) Flowering Maturity (cm) (0-5) (g) (%) (%) 5440 2810 48 101 135 1.4 3.3 1.2 1.8 L252 2997 48 101 132 1.8 3 0.9 1.1 Canterra 1990 2685 45 99 126 2.3 3.5 1.7 1.5 45H29 2783 47 100 135 2.2 3.1 0.7 1.6 45S54 2489 46 99 128 2.4 3.4 0.6 1.8

Ontario Canola Performance Trials

2015 Summary Elora Melancthon Georgetown Winchester Emo

Variety Avg. Yield % of lb/ac Checks 45H29 2509 check 5440 2580 check L252 2748 108 L130 2502 98 L140P 2473 97 Canterra 1990 2470 97 45H33 2412 95 46H75 2392 94 CS2000 2359 93 46M34 2329 92 45S54 2040 80

Ontario Canola Performance Trials

www.GoSoy.ca

Emergence Rates

• Ontario - 75% in good conditions, 60% in average conditions

• 50%-60% emergence is common in research reports

Emergence Rates

• Seedbed firmness • Moisture • Temperature • Soil texture • Depth of seeding • Seed vigour

• Amount of fertilizer with seed

• Seed treatment • Insects • Diseases • Other climate factors

Ideal Plant Stand

• 75-130 plants/m2 , 14-25 plants/m of row on 7.5” rows

• 7-13 plants/ft2 , 4.5-6 plants/ft of row

• At 10 plants/ft2 you have best chance of achieving yield potential

• Yield potential is decreased at 5 plants/ft2

Seeding Rate and Emergence

5440 seeded in 7.5” rows: • 1000 seed wt = 4.74 g • At 5 lb/ac will seed 6.9 seeds/ft

75% emergence 5.17 plants/ft 60% emergence 4.14 plants/ft

Ideal Stand: 4.5 – 6 per ft

of row

Seeding Rate and Emergence

5440 seeded in 7.5”rows: • 1000 seed wt = 4.74 g • At 6 lb/ac will seed 8.2 seeds/ft

75% emergence 6.15 plants/ft 60% emergence 4.92 plants/ft

Ideal Stand: 4.5 – 6 per ft

of row

Stand Uniformity

• Planting speed impacts seeding accuracy • Variable planting depth • Is the drill level? • Seed openers • Seed bed • Soil temperature

Stand Uniformity 16 sites across Western Canada Compare uniform and non-uniform stands of 100, 80, 60, 40, 20 plants/m2

Yield difference for uniform vs non-uniform stands at same densities At low yielding sites

• 80 plants/m2 7% yield difference • 20 plants/m2 32% yield difference At high yielding sites • 60 plants/m2 or lower 21% yield difference

AAFC AB, SK and MB, Univ. Sask, Univ. Manitoba

Ideal Stand: 70-130/m2

p

Yield Potential: 50-200/m2

Swede Midge

Swede Midge • 2015 – high levels of damage in New Liskeard area, good yields

across other growing regions

• Overall low acreage across Ontario as a result of swede midge levels

Swede Midge Monitoring

Adults live 3-4 days, lay eggs soon after emergence, hatch in 3 days. If you see damage, it was caused by eggs laid a week or more ago.

• Monitor adults • Emerge in mid to late May, peak in early June

• 4 traps required for each field for reliable monitoring • Monitor traps 2-3x per week

Swede Midge Monitoring • 1st spray when capture 20 swede midge total • Spray again when average 5 adults/trap/day • 7 days between sprays

• do not use Coragen if using Lumiderm seed treatment

2015 trap results in Casey Township (near Timiskaming)

010002000300040005000

June

3-1

1Ju

ne 1

1-15

thJu

ne 1

6-19

June

19-

23Ju

ne 2

3-27

June

27-

july

1st

July

2-5

July

6-1

2Ju

ly 1

3-16

July

17-

21Ju

ly 2

2-25

July

26-

27

Total # adult swede midge

544 midge in one trap over 3 days

Swede Midge – Best Practices

Best Practices: • Long rotations; 4 years • Early planting, fast early growth • Control cruciferous weeds and volunteer canola through

rotation • Shepherd’s purse, yellow rocket, stinkweed, mustard,

radish

Ontario Dry Bean Performance Trials

3 Performance Trials White Bean

Small Seeded Coloured Beans

17-25 g/100 seeds

Pinto 36-45 g/100 seeds

Black (turtle) 16-24 g/100 seeds

Small Red 32-36 g/100 seeds

3 Performance Trials Large Seeded Coloured Beans

Dark Red Kidney 50-68 g/100 seeds

Light Red Kidney 50-68 g/100 seeds

White Kidney 50-68 g/100 seeds

Cranberry 45-60 g/100 seeds

Profitability of Beans IP soybean white bean black bean adzuki

Cost of production $275/ac $410 $410 $410

Yield 45 bu/ac 55 bu/ac

2172 lb/ac 3032 lb/ac

2058 lb/ac 3289 lb/ac

1600 lb 2400 lb

Price $13.50 bu $0.3306 /lb $0.3256 /lb $0.50 /lb

Profit $335 $465

$310 $590

$260 $660

$390 $790

OMAFRA 2016 Field Crop Budgets

Publication 60

http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/busdev/facts/pub60.htm

Google it!

BeanYieldTrials.ca Locations: Auburn Blyth Exeter Kippen

Adzuki

• Not the same species as other common beans • Vigna angularis

• Only one variety – Eramo • Hard seed coat • Some tolerance to white mould and drought conditions • Later maturing than white bean (102-110 days)

Volunteer Adzuki Beans

• Soybeans biggest challenge

• Corn and Forages good rotational crops to deal with volunteers

Volunteer Adzuki Bean Control in Soybean – POST EMERGENT

0 20 40 60 80 100

All other POST Herbicides

Basagran

Pinnacle

Classic

glyphosate

% Visual Control

P.H. Sikkema – University of Guelph (Ridgetown)

White Mould • More of an issue in dry beans than soybean • Wide rows allow air flow • Scout as crop is coming into flower:

• Has it been raining/rain expected, and is the soil wet? • Is the crop thick and the canopy full? • What is the price of beans and can I cover the cost to

spray?

Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN) • Lower impact on dry beans than soybeans, generally

• Small bean types typically have lower cyst scores • Black beans seem to be most tolerant • Larger beans (kidney, cran) may increase field SCN levels

• Adzuki are more susceptible to SCN than soybean

Thank you! meghan.moran@ontario.ca