east crops moran (animations) feb 2016
TRANSCRIPT
Canola Performance Trials Emergence Seeding Rates Stand Uniformity Swede Midge Monitoring Dry Beans Performance Trials Profitability Comparisons Adzuki Beans
Ontario Canola Performance Trials 3 Year Summary
Variety Yield Days to Days to Height Lodging
1000-Seed
Weight Green Brown Seed Seed
(lb / ac) Flowering Maturity (cm) (0-5) (g) (%) (%) 5440 2810 48 101 135 1.4 3.3 1.2 1.8 L252 2997 48 101 132 1.8 3 0.9 1.1 Canterra 1990 2685 45 99 126 2.3 3.5 1.7 1.5 45H29 2783 47 100 135 2.2 3.1 0.7 1.6 45S54 2489 46 99 128 2.4 3.4 0.6 1.8
Ontario Canola Performance Trials
2015 Summary Elora Melancthon Georgetown Winchester Emo
Variety Avg. Yield % of lb/ac Checks 45H29 2509 check 5440 2580 check L252 2748 108 L130 2502 98 L140P 2473 97 Canterra 1990 2470 97 45H33 2412 95 46H75 2392 94 CS2000 2359 93 46M34 2329 92 45S54 2040 80
Ontario Canola Performance Trials
www.GoSoy.ca
Emergence Rates
• Ontario - 75% in good conditions, 60% in average conditions
• 50%-60% emergence is common in research reports
Emergence Rates
• Seedbed firmness • Moisture • Temperature • Soil texture • Depth of seeding • Seed vigour
• Amount of fertilizer with seed
• Seed treatment • Insects • Diseases • Other climate factors
Ideal Plant Stand
• 75-130 plants/m2 , 14-25 plants/m of row on 7.5” rows
• 7-13 plants/ft2 , 4.5-6 plants/ft of row
• At 10 plants/ft2 you have best chance of achieving yield potential
• Yield potential is decreased at 5 plants/ft2
Seeding Rate and Emergence
5440 seeded in 7.5” rows: • 1000 seed wt = 4.74 g • At 5 lb/ac will seed 6.9 seeds/ft
75% emergence 5.17 plants/ft 60% emergence 4.14 plants/ft
Ideal Stand: 4.5 – 6 per ft
of row
Seeding Rate and Emergence
5440 seeded in 7.5”rows: • 1000 seed wt = 4.74 g • At 6 lb/ac will seed 8.2 seeds/ft
75% emergence 6.15 plants/ft 60% emergence 4.92 plants/ft
Ideal Stand: 4.5 – 6 per ft
of row
Stand Uniformity
• Planting speed impacts seeding accuracy • Variable planting depth • Is the drill level? • Seed openers • Seed bed • Soil temperature
Stand Uniformity 16 sites across Western Canada Compare uniform and non-uniform stands of 100, 80, 60, 40, 20 plants/m2
Yield difference for uniform vs non-uniform stands at same densities At low yielding sites
• 80 plants/m2 7% yield difference • 20 plants/m2 32% yield difference At high yielding sites • 60 plants/m2 or lower 21% yield difference
AAFC AB, SK and MB, Univ. Sask, Univ. Manitoba
Ideal Stand: 70-130/m2
p
Yield Potential: 50-200/m2
Swede Midge
Swede Midge • 2015 – high levels of damage in New Liskeard area, good yields
across other growing regions
• Overall low acreage across Ontario as a result of swede midge levels
Swede Midge Monitoring
Adults live 3-4 days, lay eggs soon after emergence, hatch in 3 days. If you see damage, it was caused by eggs laid a week or more ago.
• Monitor adults • Emerge in mid to late May, peak in early June
• 4 traps required for each field for reliable monitoring • Monitor traps 2-3x per week
Swede Midge Monitoring • 1st spray when capture 20 swede midge total • Spray again when average 5 adults/trap/day • 7 days between sprays
• do not use Coragen if using Lumiderm seed treatment
2015 trap results in Casey Township (near Timiskaming)
010002000300040005000
June
3-1
1Ju
ne 1
1-15
thJu
ne 1
6-19
June
19-
23Ju
ne 2
3-27
June
27-
july
1st
July
2-5
July
6-1
2Ju
ly 1
3-16
July
17-
21Ju
ly 2
2-25
July
26-
27
Total # adult swede midge
544 midge in one trap over 3 days
Swede Midge – Best Practices
Best Practices: • Long rotations; 4 years • Early planting, fast early growth • Control cruciferous weeds and volunteer canola through
rotation • Shepherd’s purse, yellow rocket, stinkweed, mustard,
radish
Ontario Dry Bean Performance Trials
3 Performance Trials White Bean
Small Seeded Coloured Beans
17-25 g/100 seeds
Pinto 36-45 g/100 seeds
Black (turtle) 16-24 g/100 seeds
Small Red 32-36 g/100 seeds
3 Performance Trials Large Seeded Coloured Beans
Dark Red Kidney 50-68 g/100 seeds
Light Red Kidney 50-68 g/100 seeds
White Kidney 50-68 g/100 seeds
Cranberry 45-60 g/100 seeds
Profitability of Beans IP soybean white bean black bean adzuki
Cost of production $275/ac $410 $410 $410
Yield 45 bu/ac 55 bu/ac
2172 lb/ac 3032 lb/ac
2058 lb/ac 3289 lb/ac
1600 lb 2400 lb
Price $13.50 bu $0.3306 /lb $0.3256 /lb $0.50 /lb
Profit $335 $465
$310 $590
$260 $660
$390 $790
OMAFRA 2016 Field Crop Budgets
Publication 60
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/busdev/facts/pub60.htm
Google it!
BeanYieldTrials.ca Locations: Auburn Blyth Exeter Kippen
Adzuki
• Not the same species as other common beans • Vigna angularis
• Only one variety – Eramo • Hard seed coat • Some tolerance to white mould and drought conditions • Later maturing than white bean (102-110 days)
Volunteer Adzuki Beans
• Soybeans biggest challenge
• Corn and Forages good rotational crops to deal with volunteers
Volunteer Adzuki Bean Control in Soybean – POST EMERGENT
0 20 40 60 80 100
All other POST Herbicides
Basagran
Pinnacle
Classic
glyphosate
% Visual Control
P.H. Sikkema – University of Guelph (Ridgetown)
White Mould • More of an issue in dry beans than soybean • Wide rows allow air flow • Scout as crop is coming into flower:
• Has it been raining/rain expected, and is the soil wet? • Is the crop thick and the canopy full? • What is the price of beans and can I cover the cost to
spray?
Soybean Cyst Nematode (SCN) • Lower impact on dry beans than soybeans, generally
• Small bean types typically have lower cyst scores • Black beans seem to be most tolerant • Larger beans (kidney, cran) may increase field SCN levels
• Adzuki are more susceptible to SCN than soybean
Thank you! [email protected]