general psychology psychology human behavior
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Introduction to
Psychology
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What is
PSYCHOLOGY?
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DEFINITION
Etymological Definition"Psyche" - mind or soul
"Logos" - study
Literal Definition
- it is a study of the mind
Technical Definition
- it is a scientific study of human behavior
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Behavior is...Old Definition"Behavior is limited to gestures,
and speech - all of which is observable
and measurable."
New Definition
"Behavior is the way in which aperson, organism or group responds to aspecific condition. It is divided into twocategories: overt and covert behavior."
What is BEHAVIOR?
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Categories of Behavior:Overt Behavior
- a response or activity that is
directly obersevable by another.- crying, shouting, smiling, etc.
Covert Behavior- any response or activity that isnot directly observable by others.
- thoughts, feelings, emotions, etc.
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Psychologyis a scientificstudy of human behavior.
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Psychology as a Science
Psychology is a science because itinvolves a systematic approach to
the gathering of knowledge.
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Psychology as Science
Some distinguishing characteristics of aPsychology as a Science are the
following:
1. Psychology maintains objectivity
2. Psychology follows explicit
procedures3. Psychology disseminates research
findings
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Basic Steps of the Scientific Method
1. recognition of the Problem2. definition of the Problem
3. development of hypothesis
4. development of techniques andmeasuring intruments that will provideobjective data pertinent to the hypothesis
5. collection of data
6. analysis of data
7. drawing conclusion relative to thehypotheseis based upon the data
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Goals of Psychology
1. To describe behavior;
2. To identify factors that help predict
the behavior;3. To understand or explain behavior
by identifying causes that bring
about certain effects; and4. To control or change behavior.
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Approaches To Psychology
Neurobiological Approach- this approach attempts to relatebehavior to events taking place inside thebody, particularly within the brain and
nervous system.Behavioral Approach
- this approach studies an
individual by looking at their behaviorwhich, to the behaviorist, pertains to thoseactivities of an organism that can beobserved or measured.
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Approaches To Psychology
Cognitive Approach- this approach aims to conduct
experiments and develop theories that
explain how mental processes areorganized and function.
Psychoanalytic Approach
- this approach attempts to showhow early experiences affect adults. It alsobelieves that events in our childhood canhave a significant impact on our behavior
as adults.
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Approaches To Psychology
Phenomenological Approach
- this approach seeks to
understand events, or phenomena, asthey are experienced by the individual and
to do so without imposing any
preconceptions or theoretical ideas.
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Branches of Psychology
General PsychologyDevelopmental Psychology
Comparative Psychology
Dynamic Psychology
Physiological Psychology
Abnormal PsychologyClinical Psychology
Social Psychology
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Branches of Psychology
Educational/School Psychology Industrial/Organizational
Psychology
Vocational/Counseling Psychology
Engineering Psychology
Psychometric PsychologyLegal/Forensic Psychology
Experimental Psychology
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