march 13, 1989 to present - ieee web hostingewh.ieee.org/cmte/substations/scm0/pittsburgh... ·...
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GMD Experience
March 13, 1989 to Present
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
2FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
March 13, 1989
• Transformer - 500/138kV Auto
– Abnormal sounds observed.
– Removed from service due to
high combustible gas
readings.
– Paint discolored due to tank
heating.
– Analysis was subject of a
paper presented at IEEE PES
Summer meeting on
7/29/1989.
• Ten 138kV shunt capacitor
banks tripped.
• All are located in northern
Virginia or central Maryland
in or near areas of low Earth
conductivity.
Area of capacitor tripping
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
3FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
Analysis of Transformer Currents – March 13, 1989
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
4FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
Capacitor Bank Trips – March 13, 1989
• Ten 138kV grounded-
wye shunt capacitor
banks tripped.
– Unbalance protection
schemes operated due to
high harmonic current
flow in the bank neutrals.
– Thermal damage to
neutral current
transformers and
secondary circuitry.
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
5FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
Mitigation Measures – Post 1989
Following the March, 1989 event, the following was done:
– DC neutral current monitoring was installed on all EHV
autotransformers in the Potomac Edison area and on selected
transformers in the other, non-igneous rock areas.
– Protection circuitry changes to allow system operators to enable
sudden pressure and gas accumulator tripping of the EHV
transformers.
– Capacitor protection control circuitry was modified to allow system
operators to disable the neutral unbalance protection.
– Filtered (60Hz) and normal unfiltered (RMS) current transducers
were added to provide real-time readings of capacitor neutral
fundamental and harmonic current.
– Operating procedures were put in place for the operators’ use during
periods of high GIC currents.
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
6FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
Mitigation Measures – Post 1989
Locations with Transformer
Neutral GIC Monitoring
Locations with Capacitor
Neutral Current Monitoring
Area of capacitor tripping
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
7FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
GIC Observations - 1990
Relative GIC magnitudes recorded - 1990
Average response of all disturbances
1-22-1990 to 4-14-1990
1
23
4
1-T1 2-T1 2-T2 3-T1 4-T1 4-T2 4-T3 4-T4 4-T5
Area of Igneous Rock Geology
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
8FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
Transformer Tripping due to gas accumulation 2001-2004Substation 1 now with three Autotransformers - Only one (different from 1989
event) trips due to gas accumulation during GIC activity.
11-5-2001 11-24-2001
10-30-2003 11-6-2004
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
9FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
Recent GMD Activity - 4/23/2012Comparison of GIC recorded at 4 different locations
1 2
34
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
10FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
Recent GMD Activity - 4/23/2012
Location 2 RMS Current
Location 1 RMS Current
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
11FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
FirstEnergy GMD Activities
• EPRI Participation
– Geomagnetic Disturbance Project
• Regular attendance on GMD monthly conference calls.
– Sunburst Project
• Installation of Sunburst nodes.
• Working to make non-Sunburst GIC monitoring data available.
• Regular attendance on Sunburst monthly conference calls.
• Attendance at annual meetings.
• NERC
– Attendance at NERC GMD workshop
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
12FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
FirstEnergy GMD Activities
• System Operations
– Operating Procedures
• Transformer neutral currents are continuously monitored through Scada and alarm at 10 amps DC.
• 138kV Grounded-Wye capacitor bank RMS and 60Hz neutral currents are monitored through Scada at select locations.
• FE works with PJM to Identify that a GMD event is in progress :
– Change the system configuration – reduce loading on susceptible transformers.
– Remove susceptible capacitor neutral unbalance protection from service.
– Enable EHV transformer sudden pressure and gas accumulator tripping.
– Place reactive sources into service.
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
13FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
FirstEnergy GMD Activities Monitoring Equipment
FirstEnergy GIC MonitoringSunburst GIC Monitoring
FirstEnergy and Sunburst GIC Monitoring
Capacitor Neutral Current Monitoring
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
14FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
FirstEnergy GMD Activities
• Engineering Activities
– Upgrade all older style capacitor neutral unbalance protection
to microprocessor over-current relays.
• Eliminates the need to remove unbalance protection during periods of
high harmonic currents.
– Investigate the use of substation microprocessor relays and
Digital Fault Recorders to monitor the Var consumption of
EHV transformers during periods of high GIC flow.
– Identify protection equipment that is subject to misoperation
as a result of GIC.
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
15FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
FirstEnergy GMD Activities
• Transmission Planning
– Create model to identify locations where high GIC
currents can be expected.
– Perform analysis using PSLF GIC add-on
• Identify maximum transformer reactive consumption due to GIC
– Perform loadflow and dynamics simulations to identify:
• Identify buses with voltages below Planning Criteria limits due to
increased transformer reactive loading associated with GIC and
misoperation of protective equipment (base case, N-1 and
common mode contingencies).
• Evaluate impact on reactive margins.
Presentation for FirstEnergy
System Operations May 2011 Transmission System Assessment: Summer 2011
16FirstEnergy Presentation
IEEE/PES Substation Committee
April 29, 2013
Geo-Magnetic Disturbances
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