minerals. learning target i can use a table of physical properties to classify minerals

MineralsMinerals

Learning TargetLearning Target

• I can use a table of physical properties to classify minerals.

MineralsMinerals

• A mineral is non-living (inorganic)

• A mineral is naturally occurring, not man made

• A mineral is solid

• A mineral has crystal structure

A good example of a mineral is table salt.

Properties to Identify MineralsProperties to Identify Minerals

• Color– the same mineral can have many different colors; least reliable way to identify a mineral

• Luster– what the surface looks like in the light-greasy, oily, waxy, metallic

• Streak-the color of a mineral in powdered form; rub mineral on a piece of unglazed porcelain or streak plate

• Density– how heavy it feels, specific gravity

• Cleavage and Fracture– pattern when mineral is broken; cleavage breaks into thin sheets or cubes, fracture are curved or conchoidal (shell-shaped)

• Hardness – what it can scratch & what scratches it (Mohs Hardness Scale)

• Transparency - The ability to transmit light. Depending on a number of things, rocks & minerals can also transmit light. Many rocks that are opaque when in a chunk, are translucent when cut into very thin slices.

• Special Properties– magnetism, chatoyancy (iridescent), fluorescence, odor, fizz test, burn test, conductivity

Mohs Hardness ScaleMohs Hardness Scale

Hardness Mineral

1 Talc

2 Gypsum

3 Calcite

4 Fluorite

5 Apatite

6 Orthoclase

7 Quartz

8 Topaz

9 Corundum

10 Diamond

A mineral’s resistance to being scratched is its hardness. The harder a mineral is to scratch, the higher its rating on the Mohs scale. Talc is the softest with a rating of 1. Diamond is the hardest mineral with a rating of 10. Your fingernail has the hardness of about a 2. If these reference minerals are not available, use your fingernail, a penny, a piece of glass, and a steel file.

DO NOWDO NOW

• 1. Which mineral characteristic is tested by rubbing the mineral on a porcelain tile or plate?• 2. Which mineral characteristic is

tested by scratching the mineral across other minerals or across items such as a nail, penny or glass?• 3. How do you determine a mineral’s

cleavage?

Rock CycleRock Cycle

Learning TargetsLearning Targets

• I can label a diagram that depicts the three different types of rocks.

• I can differentiate and label a diagram that depicts the major processes of the rock cycle.

Rock CycleRock Cycle

Processes on Earth’s surface that affect the types of rocks

• Weathering-water, wind, ice, and heat break down rocks into small fragments

• Erosion-water, wind, ice, or gravity move sediment over Earth’s surface

• Deposition-when sediment stops moving

• Pressure-weight of sediment squeezed by layers above it

• Heat-rock gets hot enough to melt-magma

Rock CycleRock Cycle

Rock Cycle• Continuou

s changing of rocks from one kind to another

• Takes long periods of time.

Rock CycleRock Cycle

Igneous Rocks-

formed when magma or lava hardens.

Magma-molten rock deep within the Earth

Examples of Igneous RocksExamples of Igneous Rocks

The type of Igneous Rock depends on how fast the magma cooled.

Slowly Cooled= Large crystals.Example-Granite

Rapid Cooled= Small crystalsExample-Obsidian

Rock CycleRock Cycle

Sedimentary Rocks -formed when layers of sediment harden.

Two ways to harden:• Pressure from

weight• Heat cement

minerals together.Found where rivers

meet oceans and sediments are dumped

Rock CycleRock Cycle

Sedimentary Rocks

Example-shale made from mud and rocks.

Sandstone made from sand.

Rock CycleRock Cycle

• Sedimentary Rocks

Conglomerate- made from sand, pebbles and rocks

Rock CycleRock Cycle

• Sedimentary Rocks

Limestone- made from shells of dead sea animals

Rock CycleRock Cycle

Metamorphic Rocks

• Rocks changed into new rocks due to high heat and great pressure.

• Found deep in Earth.

Rock CycleRock Cycle

• Metamorphic Rocks

Examples Quartzite- forms from

sandstone

Rock CycleRock Cycle

• Metamorphic Rocks

ExampleMarble- forms from limestone

Rock CycleRock Cycle

• Metamorphic Rocks

ExampleSlate- forms from shale

The Rock CycleThe Rock Cycle

• Use what you have learned to create a rock cycle diagram. Include: Where and how each type of rock is

found Mountain River Ocean Volcano 2 upper layers of the earth’s interior

Rock Cycle DiagramsRock Cycle Diagrams

Rock Cycle DiagramsRock Cycle Diagrams

Interactive WebsitesInteractive Websites

Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle

• When rock fragments are compacted and cemented, what type of rocks do they become?

Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle

• When metamorphic rocks are melted what do they become?

Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle

• When magma cools and hardens, what type of rocks are formed?

Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle

• When sedimentary rocks are really heated up and pressure is applied, what do they become?

Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle

• When igneous rocks are weathered and eroded, what do they become?

Assessment: Rock CycleAssessment: Rock Cycle

• The gemstone opal is a sedimentary rock that consists of microscopic balls of silica cemented together by water. Explain how an opalized clam shell may have formed.