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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS

Blood TypingBlood Typing

Blood Cell Differential IdentificationBlood Cell Differential Identification

Blood Cell Counting Using a HemocytometerBlood Cell Counting Using a Hemocytometer

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Blood ComponentsBlood Components

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BLOOD TYPINGBLOOD TYPING

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Antigen – Antibody CompositionAntigen – Antibody Composition

Blood Type Compatibility ComparisonsBlood Type Compatibility Comparisons

Type A

Type B Type O

Type AB

Rh -

Rh +

ABO Agglutination Result Rh Agglutination Result

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ABO Blood TypingABO Blood Typing

Type AType A Type BType B

Type ABType AB Type OType O

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Type A Agglutination ResultType A Agglutination Result

AgglutinationAgglutination

NoAgglutination NoAgglutination

Note the appearance of fine granulation (pepper grains) in the blood

Note the lack of granulation in the blood

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Type B Agglutination ResultType B Agglutination Result

No Agglutination No Agglutination

Agglutination Agglutination

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Type AB Agglutination ResultType AB Agglutination Result

AgglutinationAgglutination

AgglutinationAgglutination

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Type O Agglutination ResultType O Agglutination Result

NoAgglutination NoAgglutination

NoAgglutination NoAgglutination

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Rh Blood TypingRh Blood Typing

Rh+Rh+ Rh-Rh-

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Rh+ Agglutination ResultRh+ Agglutination Result

AgglutinationAgglutination

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Rh- Agglutination ResultRh- Agglutination Result

NoAgglutination NoAgglutination

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BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIAL IDENTIFICATION

BLOOD CELL DIFFERENTIAL IDENTIFICATION

400xHuman Blood SmearHuman Blood Smear

ErythrocytesErythrocytes 1000x

LeukocytesLeukocytes

ThrombocytesThrombocytes 1000x400x

Cell Types

400x

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leukocyteleukocyte

erythrocyteerythrocyte

thrombocytethrombocyte

Human Blood Smear 400xHuman Blood Smear 400x

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Erythrocytes 400xErythrocytes 400x

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Erythrocytes 1000xErythrocytes 1000x

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LEUKOCYTESLEUKOCYTES

MonocyteMonocyte

LymphocyteLymphocyte

BasophilBasophil

EosinophilEosinophil

NeutrophilNeutrophil 1000x

1000x

1000x

1000x

1000x

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neutrophilneutrophil

erythrocyteerythrocyte thrombocytethrombocyte

Leukocyte - Neutrophil 1000xLeukocyte - Neutrophil 1000x

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eosinophileosinophil

erythrocyteerythrocyte

thrombocytethrombocyte

Leukocyte - Eosinophil 1000xLeukocyte - Eosinophil 1000x

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basophilbasophil

erythrocyteerythrocyte

thrombocytethrombocyte

Leukocyte - Basophil 1000xLeukocyte - Basophil 1000x

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lymphocytelymphocyte

thrombocytethrombocyte

erythrocyteerythrocyte

Leukocyte - Lymphocyte 1000xLeukocyte - Lymphocyte 1000x

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Leukocyte - Monocyte 1000xLeukocyte - Monocyte 1000x

monocytemonocyte

thrombocytethrombocyte

erythrocyteerythrocyte

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Thrombocytes 400xThrombocytes 400x

thrombocytesthrombocytes

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Thrombocytes 1000xThrombocytes 1000x

thrombocytesthrombocytes

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BLOOD CELL COUNTING USING A HEMOCYTOMETER BLOOD CELL COUNTING USING A HEMOCYTOMETER

Hemocytometer Hemocytometer Loading the Hemocytometer Loading the Hemocytometer

Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400x Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400x Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400x

Microvolume Pipetters Microvolume Pipetters

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Microvolume PipettersMicrovolume Pipetters

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HemocytometerHemocytometer

gridgrid

gridgrid

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Loading HemocytometerLoading Hemocytometer

pipet tippipet tip

cover slipcover slip

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Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40xHemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 40x

1 2

3

4 5

RBC counted in5 numbered areas RBC counted in5 numbered areas

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Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100xHemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 100x

Area 3 of previous magnificationArea 3 of previous magnification

3

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Hemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400xHemocytometer Grid (Unloaded) 400x

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Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100xHemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 100x

Hemocytometerloaded with RBCHemocytometerloaded with RBC

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Hemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400xHemocytometer Grid (Loaded) 400x

cellcounted cellcounted

cell notcountedcell notcounted

inside of each box, cell counted if withinbox, on top line or on left line

inside of each box,cell not counted if on bottom line or on right line

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When whole blood is spun down in a centrifuge, the heavier, solid component (cells) …

When whole blood is spun down in a centrifuge, the heavier, solid component (cells) …

separate from the lighter, liquid components (plasma)

separate from the lighter, liquid components (plasma)

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click on a blood componentclick on a blood component

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PLASMA (~55%) includes water, proteins, electrolytes, antibodies, organic nutrients and organic wastes

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ERYTHROCYTES (~45%)

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“BUFFY COAT” (~1%) LEUKOCYTES and THROMBOCYTES

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ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPOSITIONANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPOSITION

TYPE A

TYPE B

TYPE AB

TYPE O

Rh-

Rh+

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Type A Whole BloodAntigen

RBC

Antibody

AntibodyAntibody

bb

AntigenAntigen

AA

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Type B Whole BloodAntigen

RBC

Antibody

AntibodyAntibody

aaAntigenAntigen

BB

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Type AB Whole BloodAntigens

RBC

Antibodies

AntigenAntigen

AAAntigenAntigen

BB

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Antigen

B

Type O Whole BloodAntigens

RBC

Antibodies

AntibodyAntibody

bb

AntibodyAntibody

aa

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Antibody a

Antigen

B

Rh+ Whole BloodAntigen

RBC

Antibody

Rh+ Antigen

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Antibody a

Antigen

B

Rh- Whole BloodAntigen

RBC

Antibody

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BLOOD TYPE COMPATIBILITY COMPARISONSBLOOD TYPE COMPATIBILITY COMPARISONS

Type A plasma

Type A RBC Type A RBC

Type B plasma

Type AB plasma

Type O plasma

Type A plasma

Type B plasma

Type AB plasma

Type O plasma

Type A plasma

Type AB RBC Type AB RBC

Type B plasma

Type AB plasma

Type O plasma

Type A plasma

Type B plasma

Type AB plasma

Type O plasma

Type B RBCType B RBC

Type O RBC Type O RBC

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RBC

AntigenAntigen

AAAntibodyAntibody

bb

Type A RBC Type A Plasma crossed with

Compatible

NO NO

Agglutination

Hemolysis

YESYES

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RBC

Antibody a

AntigenAntigen

AA

Type A RBC Type B Plasma crossed with

AntibodyAntibody

aa

Compatible

YES YES

Agglutination

Hemolysis

NONO

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RBC

AntigenAntigen

AA

Type A RBC Type AB Plasma crossed with

Compatible

NO NO

Agglutination

Hemolysis

YESYES

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RBC

Antibody a

AntigenAntigen

AA

Type A RBC Type O Plasma crossed with

AntibodyAntibody

bb

AntibodyAntibody

aa

Compatible

YES YES

Agglutination

Hemolysis

NONO

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Antibody a

RBC

AntigenAntigen

BB

Type B RBC Type B Plasma crossed with

AntibodyAntibody

aa

Compatible

NO NO

Agglutination

Hemolysis

YESYES

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Antibody a

RBC

AntigenAntigen

BB

Type B RBC Type A Plasma crossed with

AntibodyAntibody

bb

Compatible

YES YES

Agglutination

Hemolysis

NONO

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Antibody a

RBC

AntigenAntigen

BB

Type B RBC Type AB Plasma crossed with

Compatible

NO NO

Agglutination

Hemolysis

YESYES

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Antibody a

RBC

AntigenAntigen

BB

Type B RBC Type O Plasma crossed with

AntibodyAntibody

bb

AntibodyAntibody

aa

Compatible

YES YES

Agglutination

Hemolysis

NONO

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Antigen

B

Antigen

A

RBC

crossed with

AntigenAntigen

AAAntigenAntigen

BB

Type AB RBC Type A Plasma

AntibodyAntibody

bb

Compatible

YES YES

Agglutination

Hemolysis

NONO

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Antigen

B

Antigen

A

RBC

crossed with

AntigenAntigen

AAAntigenAntigen

BB

Type AB RBC Type B Plasma

AntibodyAntibody

aa

Compatible

YES YES

Agglutination

Hemolysis

NONO

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Antigen

B

Antigen

A

RBC

crossed with

AntigenAntigen

AAAntigenAntigen

BB

Type AB RBC Type AB Plasma

Compatible

NO NO

Agglutination

Hemolysis

YESYES

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Antigen

B

Antigen

A

RBC

AntigenAntigen

AAAntigenAntigen

BB

Type AB RBC crossed with Type O Plasma

AntibodyAntibody

bb

AntibodyAntibody

aa

Compatible

YES YES

Agglutination

Hemolysis

NONO

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Antibody a

Antigen

B

RBC

Type O RBC crossed with Type A Plasma

AntibodyAntibody

bb

Compatible

NO NO

Agglutination

Hemolysis

YESYES

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Antibody a

Antigen

B

RBC

Type O RBC crossed with Type B Plasma

AntibodyAntibody

aa

Compatible

NO NO

Agglutination

Hemolysis

YESYES

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Antibody a

Antigen

B

RBC

Type O RBC crossed with Type AB Plasma

Compatible

NO NO

Agglutination

Hemolysis

YESYES

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Antibody a

Antigen

B

RBC

Type O RBC crossed with Type O Plasma

AntibodyAntibody

bb

AntibodyAntibody

aa

Compatible

NO NO

Agglutination

Hemolysis

YESYES

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