radio based sensing iot

IOT Radio Based Sensing

Presented by: Mohamed Hamdy NaeemSubmitted to : Dr.Mohamed Abu El Dahab

Contents• Introduction to Internet of things Definition History Application Area IOT as a system IOT components• Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT IOT protocol stack IEEE 802.15.4 IOT devices ways of communication IOT operating system IOT hardware WSN network Sensor Node architecture Energy Harvesting

1-Introduction to Internet of things

What is IOX ?• IOE: Internet Of Everything brings together people, process, data, and things to make

networked connections more relevant and valuable than ever before.

• IOT: Internet Of Things Connecting everyday objects we interact with in an information

network so that they can communicate and exchange data.

• Internet of Digital (IoD) Very close to the concept of Traditional Internet, IoD refers to

“Digital-First” objects like smart phones, tablets, laptops and smart TVs connecting to the Internet for exchanging data.

• Internet of Human (IOH) Refers to the interactions that human users

have with the IOT and IOD subsystems. These interactions can be both direct (e.g. manual) and indirect (e.g. automated, ambient tracking of human activity)

1-Introduction to Internet of things

“History”1929: Robert Bureau ,the first radiosonde, a

device that used wireless telemetry, converted to Morse code, to transmit temperature and barometric pressure from a weather balloon.

1969: UCLA and Stanford Research Institute connect over ARPANET, the forerunner to the Internet, introducing packet switching.

1978: First service trial of Bell Labs-developed cellular system is conducted in Chicago.

1-Introduction to Internet of things

1981: Hayes AT modem command set automates dialing and control of communications links.

1982: installed micro switches in the Coke machine to monitor inventory from computer.

1984 : the first handheld wireless cell phone by Motorola.

1990: connection a toaster to the internet.1992: first mass production of GSM phone by NOKIA

1011.1995: internet goes commercial by Amazon and

Echobay (ebay).

1-Introduction to Internet of things

1998: Internet connected fountain whose flow and height mimicked the volume and price of the stock market.

1999: Kevin Ashton introduced IOT. 2000: LG announced the 1st internet refrigerator.2002: Ambient orb is created by an spin-off of MIT Media lab.

The orb monitors the personal portfolios , weather and other data sources and changes its color based on dynamic parameters.

2005: ITU published it’s 1st report on IOT.2008: IPSO alliance was launched for deploying IP for smart

object communication.2009:Cisco IOT the point of time where objects are connected

more than people.

1-Introduction to Internet of things

Application AreasThere are so Many application areas:HumanHome & OfficeRetailFactories CitiesVehiclesWorksites

1-Introduction to Internet of things

1-Human

1-Introduction to Internet of things

HealthCare Smart Watch

Fitness Smart Glass

2- Home & Office1-Introduction to Internet of things

Smart HouseSmart Appliance

Energy Management

3- Retail1-Introduction to Internet of things

Smart Warehouse

4-Factories

1-Introduction to Internet of things

Predictive MaintenanceWorker Productivity OptimizationFleet ManagementEnergy Management

5-CitiesSmart Grid.Smart Energy Management.Smart Waste Management.Smart Parking.Smart Mobility & Traffic Control.Air & Water Quality Monitoring.Smart Public Services.

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6-Smart Worksites

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Oil and gas Drilling Mining

7-Vehicles

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Smart Control Mobile AppSmart display and route selection

Self Driving Car

1-Introduction to Internet of thingsTraffic Share Percentage

IOT is a phenomena that use set of technologies in order to make it easier , faster and controlled the usage of objects and things.

that is achieved by making every object:Addressable : is given an address.Accessible : Has a way/method to access it.Actionable: the ability to control over it.

1-Introduction to Internet of things

• IOT system is the evolution of old ideas that Used actuators, sensors and devices to control and manage industrial systems with a processor/DSP based .

Ex. Oil Rig has multiple system one of them is the mud level sensors in tanks and drilling operation , a sensor based system that is connected and controlled through a box with a display screen .

The drilling manager observe that levels and manage the drilling operation.

So, what is different in IOT implementation ?1-less complexity using wireless sensors infrastructure.2-more easier to observe through an application on mobile/tablet

even in bed which in turn save time, money and effort.

1-Introduction to Internet of things

• Components of IOT:1. Object to be managed2. Embedded system with wireless connectivity3. Smart phone/device 4. Sensors 5. Ubiquitous wireless coverage6. IPv6? more things can be addressed

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

• Protocol Stack

• The infrastructure to the managed/controlled object to communicate is the WSN Wireless Sensor Network.

• Before digging into WSN lets check the wireless technology:

• IOT uses IEEE 802.15.4 which deliver the physical and media access control layers for IOT technology.

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

IEEE 802.15.4o Low power, low data rate wireless standardo MAC and PHY layer protocolso Operates on several bands:-2.4 GHz ISM band, 915 MHz , 868 MHzo MTU: 127 Bytes per frame ( including headers)o Data rates up to 250 kbps

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

• Wireless TechnologiesStandard IEEE802.15.4 Bluetooth Wi-Fi

Frequency 868/915MHZ2.4 GHZ

2.4 GHZ 2.4, 5.8 GHZ

Data Rate 250 kbps 723 kbps 11 to 105 Mbps

Range 10 to 300 m 10 m 10 to 100 m

Power Very low low High

Battery Operation Alkaline(months to years)

Rechargeable(days to weeks)

Rechargeable(hours)

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

6LoWPAN IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area

Networks RFC 4944 and RFC 6282 Adaptation layer Header compression -stateless or context-based compression-Compression of addresses Neighbor discovery

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

CoAP• Constraint Application Protocol• Accepted as RFC in July 2013• Restful web protocol• GET, POST ,PUT ,DELETE methods• Simple Request / Response exchange• URL support• Proxy to/from HTTP

EXI Efficient XML Interchange Standardized by W3c , March 2011 Compression of XML encoded content Compact XML representation

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

Operating Systems• Contiki • Tiny OS• Nano-RK• Mantis, LiteOS, FreeRTOS

HardwareTelos (2.4 GHZ IEEE 802.15.4)Arduino (Many)Raspberry PI (any)

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

• IOT Communication Modes:Device to DeviceDevice to CloudDevice to gatewayBack End Data Sharing

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

1- Device to deviceTwo devices get connected without server

Interaction.

2-Device to Cloud

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

3- Device to Gateway

4-back end data sharing

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

• A collection of nodes organized in a cooperative network.

• Each node has the capability to sense and process the data , theses sensors work together to sense some physical phenomenon.

• The nodes connected via Wireless communication channel.

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

Components of WSNSensor:• A transducer• Convert physical phenomenon ( heat, light, motion , vibration , sound , pressure ,

…) in to electrical signals

Sensor node:o Basic unit in sensor networko Contains on-board sensors, processor, memory , transceiver , and power

supply.

Sensor Network Consists of a large number of sensor nodes Nodes deployed either inside or very close to the sensed phenomenon.

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

Node Architecture Hardware components of a sensor node

includeSensing unitProcessing unit Communication unitPower unit

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

Node Architecture

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

WSN TopologiesWSN Nodes connect to the gateway with :

Point to PointStarMeshCluster Tree

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

2-Wireless sensor network WSN in IOT

The definition:Energy Harvesting is the process of using the

energy available in the surrounding environment.

Used for micro devices that uses low power consumption and replace battery usage which is dangerous, impractically and costly to replace.

3-Energy Harvesting

Common EH sources

3-Energy Harvesting

Energy Source Performance Notes

Solar •Outdoor, direct sunlight•Outdoor, cloudy•Indoor

15 mw/cm20.15 mw/cm210 u w/cm2

Power per unit with a conversion efficiency of 15%

MechanicalMachinaryHuman bodyAccoustic noiseAirflow

100-1000 uW/cm3110 uW/cm31uW/cm2 @ 100 dB750 uW/cm2 @5m/s

Ex. 800 uW / cm3 @ 2mm e 2.5 kHz Ex. 4 uW / cm3 @ 5 mm and 1 Hz It depends on the specific conditions with respect to the Betz limit

ThermicTemperature gradientsEm raduiation

1-1000 uW/cm3 Depends on the average tempreatureDistance: 5 m from a 1 W source @ 2.4 GHZ (free space)

There are some challenges in deploying the IOT system some of them are:

1-addressing (solved by using IPv6)2-signal interference(effecient site survey and

mesh deployment)3-security ( use of firewall security solution

before the gateway)

4-challanges

Thank you