solar radiation - driver of innovations in pond design and ...€¦ · solar radiation - driver of...
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21st–23rd March 2016 Pfad
Slide 1
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineeringand Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Solar Radiation - Driver of Innovations in Pond Design and Process Technologies
Prof. Dr. mult. K.-U. Rudolph (IEEM)M. Sc. Sebastian Weil (IEEM)
Pfad
Slide 2
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Content• Introduction and short Background Theory• Data Acquisition• Methodology and preliminary Results
– Facultative Ponds– Facultative aerated Ponds
• Conclusion & Acknowledgement
Pfad
Slide 3
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Folie 3
Author Approach DWA - A 201 No Consideration of temperature
Mc Garry und Pescod (1970)
ATBODFL 099,160
5, ⋅=
Mara (1976) 120205, −⋅= ABODF TL
Mara (1987 ff.) )25(, )002,0107,1(350
5
−⋅−⋅= ATABODF TL
Arthur (1983) 60205, −⋅= ABODF TL
Yanez (2000) )29(, 085,14,357
5
−⋅= ATBODFL
Sour
ce: D
isser
tatio
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ann,
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, 201
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013
Introduction & Background (1)
Pfad
Slide 4
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Introduction & Background (2)
• Main (environmental) drivers in facultative ponds are: Solar Radiation, Temperature and Wind
(Source: von Sperling, 2007)
Pfad
Slide 5
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Introduction & Background (3)
EPA (2011): 54 to 540 W/m²
(Source: Richmond, 2004)
Photo - Inhibition
Pfad
Slide 6
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Introduction & Background (4)• Increase of
Photosyntesis rateranging between 54 and 540 W/m² before Photo - Inhibition takes place
Pfad
Slide 7
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
• Oakley, 2005
• Gloyna Methode
250/)35()099,1)((035,0 TLightBODQV −=
⋅⋅= −
dhakgBODRSL BODA min
6, )937,1(
LA,BOD = BOD areal Loading rate (kg/ha d)
RSmin = Average minimal monthly Insolation (kWh/m² d)
Existing sunlight based approaches
Introduction & Background (5)
Pfad
Slide 8
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Data Acquisition (1)
ww
w.m
apso
fwor
ld.c
om
Full-scale investigation
Pilot plant
Use of local data• Sevilla, Spain• Various
Mediterranean Countries
• Germany• East Africa• Brazil• New Zealand• ...
Pfad
Slide 9
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Data Acquisition (2)
ww
w.m
apso
fwor
ld.c
om
Full-scale investigation
Pilot plant
Use of local dataSpai
nData Location Type of Plant Focus
Own Data
Sevilla, Spain
Pilot Plant Aerated Ponds, (from March 2016 facultative Ponds)
Chiclana, Spain
Pilot Plant Symbiotic – Algae Bacteria Ponds
Data from third
Parties
Cordoba, Spanien
Full Scale Anaerobic and facultative Ponds
IEEM-Pilot Plant, Sevilla in Cooperation withFuchs Enprotec GmbH, Photo: CENTA
Pfad
Slide 10
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Folie 10
Data Acquisition (3)
Uganda
Kenya
Data Location Type of Plant Focus
Own Data
Entebbe & Jinja, Uganda
Full scale Plants Anaerobic and facultative Ponds
Kisumu, Kenia
Full scale Plant Anaerobic and facultative Ponds
Data from third Parties
VariousCities
21 full scale Plant
Anaerobic and facultative Ponds
Effluent facultative Pond Entebbe, Uganda
Effluent facultativePonds Entebbe, Uganda
Pfad
Slide 11
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Folie 11
Data Acquisition (4)
New
Ze
alan
d
Data Location Type of Plant Focus
Data from third Parties
Invercargill, Queenstown, Neuseland
Full scale Plants Anaerobic and facultative Ponds(Cold Climate)
Facultative Pond, Queenstown, NZ
Pfad
Slide 12
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Folie 12
Data Acquisition (5)
Bras
ilien
Data LocationType of Plant Focus
Data from third
Parties
Various Cities,Long time Data
from Riviera de Sao Lourenco
Full scale Plants
Anaerobic and facultative Ponds
Facultative Pond, Riviera de Sao Lourenco, Brazil Sour
ce:R
. Bou
rke
(200
0)
Pfad
Slide 13
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
LA,COD = 615 · (1,125 - 0,0023 · TW)(Tw-25) · FS
• 615 COD reference surface loading kg/ha/d at 25°C.
Slide 13
Methodology and preliminary ResultsDesign Formula facultative pond (empiric approach Mara 1987)
• Reference temperature for BOD-removal rate
• NEW: Factor to consider influence of solar radiation
• Empiric Factor to adjust removal rate for varyingtemperatures
NEW!
Pfad
Slide 14
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
LA,CSB = 615 · (1,125 - 0,0023 · TW)(Tw-25) · FS
Slide 14
Methodology and preliminary ResultsDesign Formula facultative pond (empiric approach Mara 1987)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
7 12 17 22 27 32
COD
Sur
face
Load
(kg/
ha*d
)
TW
The lower end corresponds
with the German A 201
Missing experience for T < 28°C
Pfad
Slide 15
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
4.30
4.40
4.50
4.60
4.70
4.80
4.90
5.00
5.10
5.20
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Nov/ 14 Dez/ 14 Feb/ 15 Apr/ 15 Mai/ 15 Jul/ 15 Sep/ 15 Okt/ 15
Inso
latio
n (k
Wh/
d m
²)
BOD
Rem
oval
(%)
COD Removal FacultativePond
Insolation
Methodology and preliminary ResultsDesign Comparision COD Removal and Insolation (Entebbe, Uganda – own data)
Pfad
Slide 16
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
20 %
25 %
30 %
35 %
40 %
45 %
50 %
55 %
60 %
Jun/ 00 Okt/ 00 Jan/ 01 Apr/ 01 Jul/ 01 Nov/ 01 Feb/ 02
Inso
latio
n (k
Wh/
d m
²)
COD
Rem
oval
(%)
COD RemovalInsolation
Methodology and preliminary ResultsDesign Comparision COD Removal and Insolation
(Riviera de Sao Lourenco, Brazil - data from third parties)
Pfad
Slide 17
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
LA,COD = 615 · (1,125 - 0,0023 · TW)(Tw-25) · FS
The lower end corresponds
with the German A 201
Missing expieriencefor T < 28°C
Quantitive range still under validation
Methodology and preliminary ResultsDesign Formula facultative pond (empiric approach Mara 1987)
Pfad
Slide 18
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Introduction & Background (1)
• REMINDER:
(Source: von Sperling, 2007)
Pfad
Slide 19
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
LA,COD = 615 · (1,125 - 0,0023 · TW)(Tw-25) · FS
The lower end corresponds
with the German A 201
Missing expieriencefor T < 28°C
Quantitive range still under validation
Methodology and preliminary ResultsDesign Formula facultative pond (empiric approach Mara 1987)
Pfad
Slide 20
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Factor Value
k1 for number of aerated ponds(in series)
0.75 for one aerated unit
1.0 for two aerated units
1.2 for three aerated units
k2 for slope material0.8 for membrane (foil)
1.0 for natural layer
1.2 for rough surface such as geomembrane or gravel
LV, COD = 33,6 · e0,0347 · TW · k1 · k2
• The formula is a further development of the German ATV - A 201 with aditional (empircal) parameters forTemperature (which was neglected in the current A 201)
• The FUCHS brothers have developed this (empirical) formula with data from Germany as well as from Mediterranean countries and practical experiences collected from other regions worldwide.
• A temperature coefficient is introduced, which allows improved pond design adapted to a greater range of climatic conditions (different from the current A 201).
• Additional design parameters are introduced with respect to the number of aerated ponds in series and the surface structure of the pond liner.
Methodology and preliminary ResultsAerated Ponds (empiric approach by FUCHS Enprotech GmbH)
Pfad
Slide 21
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Conclusion & Acknowledgement
• Successful Validation of design approach for faculative(with COD and Water Temperature). Continuation is needed with more data from various sites.
• Still in Process: Including one additional parameter for Insulation. First results are promising.
• Aerated Ponds: Successful implementation of additional design parameters: number of aerated ponds in series and the surface structure of the pond liner.
• Acknowledgement: The project is financially supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (www.bmbf.de; www.expoval.de/en) and co-financed by the industrialproject partner Fuchs Enprotec.
Pfad
Slide 22
11th IWA Specialist Group Conference on Wastewater
Pond Technologies
21st–23rd March 2016IEEM gGmbHInstitute of Environmental Engineering and Management at theWitten/Herdecke Universitymail@uni-wh-ieem.dewww.uni-wh-ieem.de
Thank you very much for your Attention!
Conclusion & Acknowledgement
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