sustainable citizen engagement

Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Sustainable Development BillCyflwyniad rhyngweithiol ar y cynigion yn y ddogfen ymgynghori. An interactive presentation on the proposals in the consultation document.

Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy

Cyd-destun y Polisi a’r Strategaeth The Policy and Strategy Context

twf economaidd cynaliadwy

gwaddol ddiwylliannol

ecosystemau a natur iach

adfywio er lles ein cymunedau

menter

gwireddu’r potensialbywyd iachcyfiawnder a chydraddoldeb

cymdeithasol i bawb Hunaniaeth: lleol a Chymreig

Cymuned gref a chreadigol

cyfrifoldeb

tirwedd

gwneud y gorau o’r cyfalaf deallusol a naturiol

sustainable economic growth

cultural legacy

healthy ecosystems & wildlife

regeneration that serves our communities

enterprise

fulfilling potentialhealthy lifesocial justice and equality for all

identity: local, Welsh - Cymreig

creative & strong community

responsibility

landscape

maximising intellectual & natural capital

Better, joined up,long-term outcomes

Economic issues

Social issues

Environmental issues

Stakeholder views

Amcanion DC

Hybu lles

Hybu cyfiawnder a chydraddoldeb cymdeithasol

Parchu terfynau amgylcheddol

Cryfhau’r waddol ddiwylliannol

Galluogi pobl i fyw’n iach

Hybu economi fyrlymus

Cydnabod buddiannau’r cenedlaethau i ddod

Cael pobl i gymryd rhan yn y penderfyniadau sy’n effeithio ar eu bywydau

SD Objectives

Enhancement of wellbeing

Promotion of social justice & equality

Respect for environmental limits

Strengthened cultural legacy

Healthy living

a vibrant economy

Recognition of interests of future generations

Involvement of people in decisions that affect their lives

A Sustainable WalesBetter Choices for a Better Future

Programme for Government

00

“This is our Welsh account of sustainable development: an emphasis on social, economic and environmental well-being for people and communities, embodying our values of fairness and social justice.”

“All our policies and programmes will reflect this commitment to sustainability and fairness so that we make sustainable development our central organising principle”

Key Requirements

05

► To support the embedding of SD into the strategic decision

making processes of the public sector.

► To empower and drive positive change.

► To avoid adding layers of additional bureaucracy and cost and

becoming a tick box exercise.

► To avoid stifling innovation and removing the flexibility from

organisations to reach the sustainable solutions that are best for

their circumstances.

► To ensure that SD will have a practical effect and not simply a

set of high level principles

Proposals for a stronger governance framework

05

►An embedded and strengthened framework

►A focus on Support

►Robust Accountability

►Phased Implementation

Sustainable Development Framework

02

Aim (the what)

Purpose (the why)

Methodology (the how)

Best Future for Wales

experience with s79, independent reports, international experience etc

Sustainable Development

Existing measures(more to come)

EncourageProposed SD Bill

SD Annual Report

EnableSD Charter network

SD Framework for LG

SD component of WG business support

Sustainable Futures practitioners network

ExemplifyPolitical consensus on SD

Consistency across policies

Commissioner for SF

EngageWales Sustainability Week

SD research and segmentation

Cynnal Cymru; and Green List

SD Advocates

Eco Schools programme

Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Llywodraeth Cymru

Wrth eich byrddau On your tables

Meddwl am yr hyn sydd wedi’i ddweud

Reflect on what’s been said

What are the opportunities for engagement and participation from the Bill?

Contemporary challenges

Some relevant areas

Education/skills

Parenting

Post-16 participation

Adult literacy

Life skills (cooking etc)

Volunteering

Health

Teenage pregnancy

Drugs, alcohol, tobacco

Obesity

Keeping appointments

Organ donation

Prosperity

Service culture

Active job seeking

Entrepreneurship

Personal aspiration

Diversity

Environment

Transport choices

Energy efficiency

Reduce, reuse, recycle

Consumption choices

Fly-tipping

Community

Crime prevention

Anti-social behaviour

Terrorism

Social mobility

Litter / graffiti

Care / ageing

Self-care

Pension provision

Mental health

Active ageing

End-of-life choices

Encourage

Enable

Engage

Exemplify

Catalyse

1. The 4-E approach to behaviour changeTaxes & fiscal measures

Regulation & finesLeague tables

Targets / perf managementPrizes / rewards / bonuses

Preferential treatment Status recognition

Subsidies / discountsFeedback

Remove barriers to actSet defaults / opt-out vs opt-in

Form clubs / communitiesProvide information

Choose intervention timingPersonalise

Provide space / facilitiesBuild confidence

Ease/cost of access

Community/network actionDeliberative fora

Segmentation / focusSecure commitmentPersonal contacts

Role models / 'super-users'Paid/unpaid media campaignsPester power / Peer pressure

Workplace norms

Evidence baseWalk the talk & lead

Consistency across policiesSustained approach

Credibility / confidenceBenchmarking / evaluationLearning & improvement

Political consensus building

Encourage

Enable

Engage

Exemplify

Catalyse

Smoking and behaviour change

High excise taxesBan marketing practices

Address smuggling

(nb. Personal incentives)

NHS 'stop smoking' treatmentSmoke-free policies

Quit-linesPharmaceutical deregulation

Social marketing campaignsMore graphic warnings

Major news media assaultConstant revisiting evidence

“Denormalisation”

Smoke-free policiesClear messages from NHS

Consistent packageClear goals

Commercial arguments

A cigarette for the beginner is a symbolic act. I am no longer my mother’s child,

I’m tough, I am an adventurer, I’m not

square...

...as the force of the psychological symbolism

subsides, the pharmacological effects take over to sustain the

habit

But others forces are at work...

Dunn W. Vice President for Research and Development, Philip Norris. Why one smokes. 1968 Minnesota Trial Exhibit 3681.

Encourage

Enable

Engage

Exemplify

Catalyse

Smoking: from the dark side

AdvertisingRole models

Adult product definitionDuty Free

Orchestrating smugglingLightsFilters

Wide availabilityFighting smoke-free places

Aspirational sell to poor Coupons and catalogues

Coaching argumentsDistracting PRBogus science

Product placement in filmsSponsorshipNormalisation

Encourage

Enable

Engage

Exemplify

Catalyse

The SD Bill and behaviour changeBudget Setting

Grants & Grant in AidSponsorshipProcurementLegislation

League tables & element of competition

Status recogition

Evidence collectionPolicy process

Capacity buildingNetworks

InformationGood practice &

Knowledge sharing

Know your stakeholders and audiences - segmentation

NarrativesBuy-in

Workplace normsContinuous

Evidence baseConsistency

Honest Celebrate success

Evaluation & continuous improvement

Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Llywodraeth Cymru

Wrth eich byrddau On your tables

• Identify your group challenge – SD Bill focused

• How will this effect your organisation?

• Consider the Engage box: what could you add to the Engage menu that would help drive the action you’re trying to promote?

• Feed back your most important learning point

Think of people as ‘human’

2. Understand human behaviourRational

all-knowing individualised

long-term utility

maximisation

MINDSPACE

MINDSPACE

Messenger: We are influenced by who communicates information

Incentives: Our responses are shaped by biases and shortcuts

Norms: We tend to do what those around us are already doing

Defaults: We ‘go with the flow’ of pre-set options

MINDSPACE

Salience: Our attention is drawn to what is novel and seems relevant to us

Priming: Our acts are often influenced by sub-conscious cues

Affect: Emotional associations can powerfully shape our actions

Commitment: We seek to be consistent with our public promises, and reciprocate acts

Ego: We act in ways that make us feel better about ourselves

The Science of Persuasion

6 weapons of influence

1.Reciprocation: You did something for me and now I owe you

2.Consistency: One thing I do or think leads to another

3.Social proof: 9 out of 10 cats prefer...

4.Liking: I will buy Tupperware from you because I like you

5.Authority: More doctors smoke Lucky Strike

6.Scarcity: Get it now, or I’ll be sorry when it’s gone 

Robert Cialdini, The science of persuasion, Scientific American, 284, 76-81.

Some “biases” in real behaviour

• Loss aversion

• Recency

• Peak experience

• Herding

• Heuristics

• Omission

• Habit

• Confirmation

• Hyperbolic discounting

It's illogical Captain...

List of cognitive human “biases”Behaviour & Decision-making

Probability & belief Social

Bandwagon effectBase rate fallacyBias blind spotChoice-supportive biasConfirmation biasCongruence biasContrast effectDéformation professionnelleDenomination effectDistinction biasEndowment effectExperimenter's Extraordinarity biasFocusing effectFramingHyperbolic discountingIllusion of controlImpact biasInformation biasInterloper effectIrrational escalationJust-world phenomenonLoss aversionMere exposure effectMoney illusionMoral credential effectNeed for ClosureNegativity biasNeglect of probabilityNormalcy biasNot Invented HereOmission biasOutcome biasPlanning fallacyPost-purchase rationalizationPseudocertainty effectReactanceRestraint biasSelective perceptionSemmelweis reflexStatus quo biasVon Restorff effectWishful thinkingZero-risk bias

Ambiguity effectAnchoring effectAttentional biasAuthority biasAvailability heuristicAvailability cascadeBelief biasClustering illusionCapability biasConjunction fallacyDisposition effectGambler's fallacyHawthorne effectHindsight biasIllusory correlationLudic fallacyNeglect of prior base rates effectObserver-expectancy effectOptimism biasOstrich effectOverconfidence effectPositive outcome biasPareidoliaPrimacy effectRecency effectDisregard of regression toward the mean.Selection biasStereotypingSubadditivity effectSubjective validationTelescoping effectTexas sharpshooter fallacyWell travelled road effectConsistency biasCryptomnesiaEgocentric biasFalse memoryHindsight biasReminiscence bumpRosy retrospectionSelf-serving biasSuggestibility

Actor-observer biasEgocentric biasForer effectFalse consensus effectFundamental attribution errorHalo effectHerd instinctIllusion of asymmetric insightIllusion of transparencyIllusory superiorityIngroup biasJust-world phenomenonNotational biasOutgroup homogeneity biasProjection biasSelf-serving biasSelf-fulfilling prophecySystem justificationTrait ascription biasUltimate attribution error

For more information Wikipedia search:

“List of cognitive biases”

Understand the population

Be careful with the relationship between citizen and state

4: Establish the case for intervention

“The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant”.

But… Children? Addiction? Influence of background? Mental illness? Collective costs? Regret...?

From soft paternalism to regulation

Health impacts

Unregulated addiction

Hooking kids

Passive smoking - public

Passive smoking - workers

Private impacts

Public (external) impacts

Adopt a learning approach

4+2 Es approach to behaviour change

Encourage

Enable

Engage

Exemplify

CatalyseExplore Evaluate

Summary

1. Four-E behaviour-change modelEncourageEnableEngageExemplify

2. Understand real behaviour

3. Segment and personalise

4. Judge public acceptability (which changes)

5. Experiment and evaluate

Reading up...

Thaler & Sustein Mark Earls Robert Cialdini Dan Ariely

Reading up...

Government communications

Government Social Research

Institute for Government

& Cabinet Office

Cabinet Office

Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Llywodraeth Cymru

Wrth eich byrddau On your tables

• Identify your group challenge

• Quickly jot down the existing elements under the 4 Es headings

• Consider the Engage box: what could you add from the Engage menu that would help drive the action you’re trying to promote?

• Feed back your most important learning point

• 15/16 Ionawr Caerfyrddin

• 29/30 Ionawr Cyffordd

Llandudno

• 5/6 Chwefror Caerdydd

• 12/13 Chwefror Llandrindod

Daw’r ymgynghoriad i ben ar 4

Mawrth

Ebost / Email:

Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Llywodraeth Cymru

Digwyddiadau ymgynghori

Consultation events • 15/16 January Carmarthen

• 29/30 January Llandudno

Junction

• 5/6 February Cardiff

• 12/13 February Llandrindod

Wells

Consultation closes 18 July

sdbill@wales.gsi.gov.uk

Y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy

Sustainable Development Bill

Diolch – Thank you

Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy

Diolch yn fawr!