teacher notes

TEACHER NOTESThis PPT was revised June 6, 2006.This PPT is to be used as an Introduction to

Cells in Semester 1 in the Energy Conversion Unit. This same (or similar) ppt is also to be used to review cells at the beginning of the Kingdoms Unit.

There is a TEKS handout to accompany this PPT. It may be used for regular if desired.

The last slide starts an optional assignment that has students make cell drawings and then add to the diagram unit by unit.

INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

Pages 169 – 183 in Textbook

History of the Cell

Robert Hooke, 1665Anton von Leeuwenhoek, 1674

Matthias Schleiden, 1838

Theodor Schwann, 1839

Rudolph Virchow, 1855

Janet Plowe, 1931

Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect....(July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703)

In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right).He was the first person to use the term “cells”.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms.He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa.

Matthias Schleiden

all plants are made of cells

Cell Theory

Cell Theory

Theodore Schwann

all animals are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow

all cells came from pre-existing cells

Cell Theory

Cell Theory• all living things are made up of cells• cells are the basic units of structure and function in

an organism• new cells are produced from existing cells

Matthias Schleiden

concluded that all plants are made of

cells (1838)

Theodore Schwann

concluded that all animals are made

of cells (1839)

Rudolf Virchowconcluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells

(1855)

Cell Specialization

Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Red Blood Cells

Muscle Cells Stomata

Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping.

cell tissue

organ organ system

organism

The Levels of Organization

Level Function Example

What is the benefit of being made of all of these cells?

Nervous System

Brain

Nervous Tissue

Neuron

Levels of Organization

Organ system

Organ

Tissues

Cells

Different organs function together

Different tissues function together

Similar cells function together

Cells can perform special jobs

Cell TypesPROKARYOTENo nucleusNo membrane-bound

organellesSmall ribosomesMost cells are 1 -10

μm in sizeEvolved 3.5 billion

years agoFound only in

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms

EUKARYOTEHas nucleusMany organellesLarger ribosomesCells can be between

2 - 1,000 μm in sizeEvolved 1.5 billion

years agoIncludes Protista,

Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms

Cell Type: ProkaryotesProkaryotes, which includes all bacteria,

are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus.

Typical bacteria cellBacteria cells

Cell Types: EukaryotesEukaryotic cells

contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.

Different Types of CellsProkaryotic Eukaryotic

no nucleus

protists, fungi, plants, animalsonly in bacteria

small

small ribosomeslarger ribosomes

very smallorganellesno organelles

nucleusno nucleussmall ribosomes

organellesno organelles

nucleus

protists, fungi, plants, animals

only in bacteriasmall 2-1000mvery small 1-10m

larger ribosomes

What Are the Parts of CellsBoth prokaryotic

and eukaryotic cells have some things in common.

All cells have¤ cell membrane ¤ cytoplasm¤ ribosomes¤ nuclear material

cytoplasmribosomesnuclear materialcell membrane

cytoplasm

nucleus

cell membrane

chloroplast

vacuole

mitochondria

cell wall

ribosomes

Parts of Cellscytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell

(p. 175)

nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA)

chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here)

vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc

ribosomes: manufacture proteinsmitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here)

cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support

cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection

cytoplasm

nucleus

cell membrane

chloroplast

vacuole

mitochondria

cell wall

ribosomes

(p. 175)

The Cell

Cell Membrane

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Endoplasmic Reticulum

NucleusLysosome

Golgi Body

Vacuole

Ribosome

Cell Wall

Cell Organelles

Animal Plant

Cell Drawing Assignment

Turn to page 175 in the textbook.Draw the outer shape of both the animal and

plant cells on the paper provided by your teacher

For the outline, draw the cell membrane in both cells and the cell wall around the outside of the plant cell

Inside the cell include only the mitochondria and chloroplasts (label on drawing)

Works Cited

Red Blood Cells, Online Image June 5, 2006, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, http://www.cc.nih.gov/dtm/dtm_whole_blood.htm

Stomata Online Image, June 5, 2006, Energy Biosciences Program http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/eb/Highlights/CaOscillate/body_caoscillate.html

Skeletal Muscle Cell Online Image, June 5, 2006, Medline Plus, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19495.htm

Bacteria Cells Online Image, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old/meaning_of_life.htm

Works Cited

Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cell Online Images, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old/domains.htm

Biology Curriculum Writing Team, Plano Independent School District