teacher notes
DESCRIPTION
TEACHER NOTES. This PPT was revised June 6, 2006. This PPT is to be used as an Introduction to Cells in Semester 1 in the Energy Conversion Unit. This same (or similar) ppt is also to be used to review cells at the beginning of the Kingdoms Unit. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TEACHER NOTESThis PPT was revised June 6, 2006.This PPT is to be used as an Introduction to
Cells in Semester 1 in the Energy Conversion Unit. This same (or similar) ppt is also to be used to review cells at the beginning of the Kingdoms Unit.
There is a TEKS handout to accompany this PPT. It may be used for regular if desired.
The last slide starts an optional assignment that has students make cell drawings and then add to the diagram unit by unit.
INTRODUCTION TO CELLS
Pages 169 – 183 in Textbook
History of the Cell
Robert Hooke, 1665Anton von Leeuwenhoek, 1674
Matthias Schleiden, 1838
Theodor Schwann, 1839
Rudolph Virchow, 1855
Janet Plowe, 1931
Robert Hooke naturalist, philosopher, inventor, architect....(July 18, 1635 - March 3, 1703)
In 1665 Robert Hooke publishes his book, Micrographia, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscopes (shown at right).He was the first person to use the term “cells”.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723In 1673 Anton van Leeuwenhook perfects the simple microscope and observes cells and microorganisms.He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa.
Matthias Schleiden
all plants are made of cells
Cell Theory
Cell Theory
Theodore Schwann
all animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow
all cells came from pre-existing cells
Cell Theory
Cell Theory• all living things are made up of cells• cells are the basic units of structure and function in
an organism• new cells are produced from existing cells
Matthias Schleiden
concluded that all plants are made of
cells (1838)
Theodore Schwann
concluded that all animals are made
of cells (1839)
Rudolf Virchowconcluded that all cells came from pre-existing cells
(1855)
Cell Specialization
Cells in organisms are specialized to perform different tasks. Red Blood Cells
Muscle Cells Stomata
Multicellular organisms are arranged from simple to complex according to their level of cellular grouping.
cell tissue
organ organ system
organism
The Levels of Organization
Level Function Example
What is the benefit of being made of all of these cells?
Nervous System
Brain
Nervous Tissue
Neuron
Levels of Organization
Organ system
Organ
Tissues
Cells
Different organs function together
Different tissues function together
Similar cells function together
Cells can perform special jobs
Cell TypesPROKARYOTENo nucleusNo membrane-bound
organellesSmall ribosomesMost cells are 1 -10
μm in sizeEvolved 3.5 billion
years agoFound only in
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria Kingdoms
EUKARYOTEHas nucleusMany organellesLarger ribosomesCells can be between
2 - 1,000 μm in sizeEvolved 1.5 billion
years agoIncludes Protista,
Fungi, Plantae and Animalia Kingdoms
Cell Type: ProkaryotesProkaryotes, which includes all bacteria,
are the simplest cellular organisms. They have genetic material but no nucleus.
Typical bacteria cellBacteria cells
Cell Types: EukaryotesEukaryotic cells
contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane -enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes.
Different Types of CellsProkaryotic Eukaryotic
no nucleus
protists, fungi, plants, animalsonly in bacteria
small
small ribosomeslarger ribosomes
very smallorganellesno organelles
nucleusno nucleussmall ribosomes
organellesno organelles
nucleus
protists, fungi, plants, animals
only in bacteriasmall 2-1000mvery small 1-10m
larger ribosomes
What Are the Parts of CellsBoth prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells have some things in common.
All cells have¤ cell membrane ¤ cytoplasm¤ ribosomes¤ nuclear material
cytoplasmribosomesnuclear materialcell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
chloroplast
vacuole
mitochondria
cell wall
ribosomes
Parts of Cellscytoplasm: semi-liquid material that fills the cell
(p. 175)
nucleus: controls most cell processes, contains hereditary information (DNA)
chloroplast: capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy (food), (photosynthesis occurs here)
vacuole: sac-like structure that stores water, salts, foods, etc
ribosomes: manufacture proteinsmitochondria: convert chemical energy stored in food into ATP (cellular respiration occurs here)
cell membrane: regulates what enters and leaves the cell, protection and support
cell wall: outer layer in plant cells, support and protection
cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
chloroplast
vacuole
mitochondria
cell wall
ribosomes
(p. 175)
The Cell
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Endoplasmic Reticulum
NucleusLysosome
Golgi Body
Vacuole
Ribosome
Cell Wall
Cell Organelles
Animal Plant
Cell Drawing Assignment
Turn to page 175 in the textbook.Draw the outer shape of both the animal and
plant cells on the paper provided by your teacher
For the outline, draw the cell membrane in both cells and the cell wall around the outside of the plant cell
Inside the cell include only the mitochondria and chloroplasts (label on drawing)
Works Cited
Red Blood Cells, Online Image June 5, 2006, NIH Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, http://www.cc.nih.gov/dtm/dtm_whole_blood.htm
Stomata Online Image, June 5, 2006, Energy Biosciences Program http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/eb/Highlights/CaOscillate/body_caoscillate.html
Skeletal Muscle Cell Online Image, June 5, 2006, Medline Plus, http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19495.htm
Bacteria Cells Online Image, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old/meaning_of_life.htm
Works Cited
Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cell Online Images, June 5, 2006, NASA Astrobiology Institute, http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/news_stories/news_detail.cfm?article=old/domains.htm
Biology Curriculum Writing Team, Plano Independent School District