technical challenges - how to design iot systems

HARDWARE CHALLENGESHow to Design IoT SystemsIoT Bulgaria Summit 2016

A Set Of Benefits? Or… Expectations?

Save Resources Increase Productivity Improve Our Health Enable New Services To Free Our Time To Make Our Life Better

Improving Human’s Is A Complicated Problem

„For every complex problem there is a

solution that isclear, simple and wrong.“

Maybe IoT Is Such A Wrong Solution?H. L. Mencken

Why?

Social Acceptance Privacy Data Confidentiality Intellectual Property Tracking

Manipulation Control Personal Freedom Complexity Technical Challenges

What Are The Predictions?

We Already Have 10+ Billion IoT Devices In 10 Years It Is Expected Their Count To Be 50 - 100

Billion The Expected Financial Impact Will Be $11+ Trillion

What Does It Mean?

What Do We Need To Do?

Solve All Social Issues Decide The Level Of Intelligence Create Reliable, Ubiquitous Network Connectivity Cope With Noise And Interference Provide Unlimited Electrical Power

Let’s Go Deeper…

Noise

Data Noise Radio Noise Electrical Interference

What Do I Mean?

Can You Make A Call?

Do You Think You’ll Be Able To Upload Your Selfie?

In Electronics We Can Use Shielding And Filtering To Protect From Noise Like We Use Umbrellas.It Works Perfect For The Rain, But…

“No Matter How Many Umbrellas We Have They Will Not Stop The Tsunami”Dr. Alexei Nikitin, TEDx

Network and Connectivity

Unlimited And Uninterrupted Internet Connection 50-100 Billion Unique Identifiers Cope With Collisions And Other Issues

How Much It Will Cost?

How Much It Is Going To Cost?

Do The Math:

Assume That The Internet Connection In 2025 For A Device Will Cost $0.1 / Month

$0.1 Х 50 Billion = $5 Billion / Month

Who Will Pay It?

What About Electricity?

IoT Will Require Enormous Amount Of Electrical EnergyMore Math:

Average Consumption Of ESP8266 Is 80 mAP module = I x U = 0,08A x 3V = 0,24 WP total = 50 x 109 x 0,24 W = 12 000 MW= 6X The Capacity Of “Kozloduy Nuclear Power Plant”E = $1,5 Billion / Hour

“We cannot solve the problems with the same level of

thinking that created them”

How To Develop IoT Systems?

Who Are ZEKENG? ZEK Engineering Is A Hardware Designer Studio Established In 2007 As A Freelancing Company By 2

Engineers For 9 Active Years They Finished 150+ Projects I Joined The Company 6 Years Ago Part Time I Have Been Working Full Time For The Last 2 Years I Am Responsible For Customer Relations, Business

Development And The Internal Projects

What ZEKENG’s Team Has Achieved Over The Time In Partnership With Italian Designer Company

Worked On A Product CalledFree Power Jump By

Not Only Jumps… But Free Sense

This Started In 2011 !!!

It Was Done Before The ESP8266 Era When There Were No Tri-axial

Accelerometers And Gyroscopes And Each Of These Sensors Cost About

$30

Kippy Pet Finder – 2013GPS, GPRS & Bluetooth

Sensoria by2014

In The Period 2014 - 2016

Advanced Power Grid Quality Monitoring Systems IoT Motorcycles & Cars Multipurpose Temperature Monitoring Systems Intelligent Air Cleaning Systems Home/Office Automation Systems Antitheft Systems GPS Trackers People Meters Flood/Smoke/Gas Detectors & Alarms

The Ultimate IoT Design AlgorithmACCORDING TO US

What Is An IoT System?

SENSOR 1

INTERNET CONNECTIVITY

ACTUATOR 1

SENSOR 2

SENSOR N

… ACTUATOR 2

ACTUATOR M

…MICROCONTROLLER

USER INTERFACE

The Ultimate IoT Design Algorithm

1. Data & Actions2. User Interface3. Security4. Data Representation5. Internet Connection

6. Application Logic7. Power Supply8. MCU9. Development Tools10.Other

1A. Data

Sensors

TemperatureHumidityPressureWeightNoise

LightMotionSmoke

GasProximity

Parameters:• Precision• Data Rate• Interface/Protocol• Power

Consumption• Price

1B. Actions

Actuators

RelaysValvesPWM

SteppersOther

Parameters:• Precision• Speed• Interface/Protocol• Power

Consumption• Price

2. User Interface

User Interface

DisplayTouch Screen

ButtonsPotsLEDs

Parameters:• Interface/Protocol• Power

Consumption• Price

3. Security (From HW Perspective)

What Will Be The Level Of Security? Can We Use Standard Solution? Do We Need Additional Hardware? What Computation Power Will Be Needed?

4. Data Representation

Do We Need Special Conversions (Phase Correction, Integration)?

What Accuracy Is Needed? Do We Need Raw Or Processed Data? Do We Need Compression?

5. Internet Connection & Protocols

Connectivity Wi-Fi or LAN? GPRS/3G/4G Bluetooth ZigBee Sub 1GHz Other

Protocols HTTP, TCP, UDP MQTT, AMQP Z-Wave Thread LoRaWAN Other

6. Application Logic

What Amount Of The Application Logic Will Be Implemented On The IoT Device?

Centralized Or Decentralized System? What Level Of Intelligence?

7. Power Supply

DC-DC Adaptor? Battery – Rechargeable Or Not? Both? Energy Harvesting?

8. Microcontroller

How Much Computational Power? DSP? How Much Memory (RAM, Flash)? Do We Need Non-volatile Memory? (EEPROM) Do We Need RTC? How Accurate? Do We Need Low Power Modes? (Battery Power

Supply) SoC Or SoM?

9. Development Tools

Hardware Evaluation Kits Oscilloscope Other Calibration Tools Debugger (JTAG) Interfaces (USB-

>RS232)

Software Compiler – Price/License IDE Server Environments Other Software OS (Real Time /

Multitasking)

10. Other

Schematic Design PCB Design 3D Design Software Firmware Sophisticated Algorithms

Do We Have Time?

System For Temperature And Humidity ControlEXAMPLE

Example: Requirements

MICROCONTROLLER

T H PIR

T H

ALARM

LED INDICATOR

S

BATTERY POWER SUPPLY

Wi-Fi

MICROCONTROLLER

GRID POWER SUPPLY

RELAY IR Wi-Fi

ALARM

LED INDICATOR

THERMOSTAT ACTUATOR

Example: The Ultimate Algorithm

1. Data & Actions2. User Interface3. Security4. Data Representation5. Internet Connection

6. Business Logic7. Power Supply8. MCU9. Development Tools10.Other

Example: Data (Thermostat)

MICROCONTROLLER

TEMP SENSORHUMIDITY SENSOR

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY POWER GRID

LED INDICATOR

ALARMSMOKE DETECTOR

T/H ADJUSTMENT

Wi-Fi

MOTION SENSOR

Example: Actions (Actuator)

MICROCONTROLLER

RELAY

INFRA RED

POWER SUPPLY

POWER GRID

LED INDICATOR

ALARM

Wi-Fi

Example: Data Representation & Security Data Representation:

- Binary, Fixed Point, TCP- | UID | TS | TEMP | HUM | MOTION | ALARM | CS |

Use Embedded Security Options

Example: Internet Connection & NW Topology

INTERNET

Wi-Fi GATEWAY

THERMOSTAT

ACTUATOR COOLER

ACTUATOR HUMIDITY

ACTUATOR HEATER

CLOUD SERVICE

REMOTE

CLIENT

LOCAL CLIENT

Example: Application Logic

All Devices Connect Virtually To The Cloud Service We Need Device Interaction Actuators Should Implement The Part Of The

Application

Example: Power Supply

MICROCONTROLLER

TEMP SENSORHUMIDITY SENSOR

POWER SUPPLY

BATTERY POWER GRID

LED INDICATOR

ALARMSMOKE DETECTOR

T/H ADJUSTMENT

Wi-Fi

MOTION SENSOR

3.0V 1.8V

3.3V

3.3V; 5V

3.3V; 5V2.4V – 4.2V 5V

I2C

I2CUART

GPIO

ADC

UART

PWM

PWM

Example: Microcontroller

Wide Power Supply Range: 2.1 – 3.6V SoC – Wi-Fi ARM Core + ARM Cortex M4 @ 80MHz Hibernate Low Power Mode – 4µA 12-bit ADC, SD/MMC, 4 Timers, PWM, RTC SPI, I2C, UART Hardware Crypto Engine Hardware CRC and Checksum IP Stack TCP/UDP Sockets

Example: Development Tools SimpleLink Wi-Fi CC3200 module LaunchPad SimpleLink Wi-Fi CC3200 Software Development Kit

(SDK) Code Composer Studio (CCS) or IAR JTAG – XDS100 TI RTOS

YOU CAN DO IoT!But Would You?

OrYou Will Try To Avoid The IoT Hype?

“You can avoid reality, but you cannot avoid the consequences of

avoiding reality”

Ayn Rand

Thank you!email: emil.k@zekeng.comphone: +359 88 531 2217www: http://www.zekeng.com/contact-us/Fb: https://www.facebook.com/zekengineering/

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