the international image interoperability framework: why it's a game-changer for digital...

The International Image Interoperability Framework Why It’s a Game-Changer for Digital Libraries

Dr John B Howard, University Librarian University College Dublin 0000-0002-4433-7209

Acknowledgements

Several slides in this presentation were prepared by

and are available at http://www.slideshare.net/Cogapp/everything-you-ever-wanted-to-know-about-iiif-but-were-too-afraid-to-ask

They are used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC-BY 4.0)

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

iiif.io

Images convey cultural heritage information, and invite scholarly use

end-user wish list

• Copy, Download, Save, Share • Alter image attributes

– Size, format, rotation, quality (colour, greyscale, bitonal), mirror image, crop, rotate

• Compare – Different exemplars of the same imprint – Different issues of a map, music imprint, book – Photo super-imposition

• Annotate, transcribe, translate, and share these information

• Search within an image or set or images for associated text (OCR, annotations)

service provider wish list …

I need a newer, faster image server

(and I can’t spend much time or money on it)

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

I want deep zoom

(on mobile)

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

I want to allow users to visually compare objects in the collection…

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

…with objects from other collections

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

and regions of those images

I want to make it easy for my users to cite and share my images

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

I want to allow visitors to annotate my images online

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

I want to allow visitors to annotate my images online

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

I want to allow embedding of my images in blogs and web pages

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

... without losing control of them

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

And it should be affordable (free), easy to implement, and easy to use

So, what is IIIF anyway?

objectives

Facilitate the delivery and use of images by providing an open specification for serving images, image metadata, and more:

• provide scholars rich access to images using uniform rules for service provision

• provide technical specifications for image servers and image clients (viewers) to assure interoperability

• develop and share technologies that support IIIF and its goals, including image application servers and web clients for viewing IIIF-compliant images and meeting the functional needs of scholarly users of images

2 core APIs, 2 APIs for value-added services

• Image delivery API – Serve image metadata – Serve images

• Metadata Image presentation API – Serve image manifests, metadata about an image or group of

images to enable retrieval of images and to build linkages to related information

• Search API (beta) – “Search within” an image (or group of images described by a

manifest) for associated text—ORC full text, annotations, transcriptions, etc.

• Authentication API (beta) – To facilitate management of access to restricted materials

IIIF Image Delivery API

request images, with parameters {scheme}://{host}/{prefix}/{identifier}/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/{quality}.{format}

The easy parameters: • Format: image format (jpeg, png, gif, webp)

• Quality: default, grey, bitonal, colour

Advanced parameters: • Size

• Full, height & width, percentage

• Rotation

• By degrees, mirror flipped

• Region

• Full, by pixel coordinates

Image Delivery API

http://iiif.io/api/image/2.0/

Ben Albritton Mike Appleby Tom Cramer Jon Stroop Rob Sanderson Stu Snydman Simeon Warner IIIF.io @bla222 @mikeapps @tcramer @jpstroop @azaroth42 @stusnydman @zimeon @iiif_io

request image metadata

Returns basic information about the requested image in JSON format • image identifier (base URL) • width, height • sizes available or recommended (optional) • tiles (tilesize, scale factors) Information about the server’s functionality • IIIF Image API version • image formats, image quality supported • limitations on rotation capability

{scheme}://{server}{/prefix}/{identifier}/info.json

sample JSON response

Server functionality

Image characteristics

a live example

https://iiif.ucd.ie/loris/ucdlib:33713/{region}/{size}/{rotation}/default.jpg

request the whole image, 640px wide, not rotated, in JPEG format

https://iiif.ucd.ie/loris/ucdlib:33713/full/640,/0/default.jpg

IIIF Presentation API

What is it?

Specifies a request syntax and a response that comprises a manifest, listing images accessible via a IIIF Image API, and related information

• Describes structure: collection, item, sequence, parts

• Describes properties: labels, descriptive metadata, license, links to related items, secondary sources, annotation lists

Manifest expresses metadata idiomatically for web interchange

• JSON-LD

• Shared Canvas data model ttp://iiif.io/model/shared-canvas/1.0/: Makes use of the Open Annotation framework for associating entities with the resource that is the focus of a canvas (i.e., the digital surrogate for a physical ‘page; within a source document)

• Observes a range of additional W3C specifications

so, how do we use it?

software implementations

IIP Image

IIP Moo Viewer

digilib FSI Server

Mirador Internet Archive Book Reader

Image

Server

s

Image

Clients

Image

Apps

FSI Viewer

Leaflet JS

Loris

benefits in action

Mirador viewer http://iiif.github.io/mirador/

OpenSeadragon

https://openseadragon.github.io/

image viewer

image viewer, zoom

image manipulation

crop,resize

compare images or pages

page turner

page turner with navigation

annotate

image kiosk (OpenSeadragon)

transcribe :: translate

transcribe :: translate

IIIF Search API (beta)

What is it?

• Many use cases for searching text associated with images – OCR text of printed documents – Translations – Transcriptions of manuscript text – Annotations and commentary – Tagging, description

• Specifies search for a single IIIF resource (so “search within” a resource)

• Identifies an approach to identifying searchable resources within the Presentation API

• Accommodates auto-completion of terms (provided by an external service)

• Full spec at http://iiif.io/api/search/1.0

enter search: “Meath”

why a game-changer?

• Shifts focus from metadata interoperability to interoperability of digital content

• Opens a door to the Shared Canvas data model and to annotation

• Opens a door for development of new software tools

• Creates new opportunities for cooperation & collaboration among service providers as well as end-users of IIIF-compatible services

• Creates an approach to interoperability that will be applied to other media types, such as audio and video (IxIF)

• A harbinger of future directions where W3C specs for interoperability become more pervasive in digital libraries

what collaborative opportunities?

• Implementation opens doors to sharing, comparing, annotating across organisations

• Engagement with researchers

• Many challenges in supporting annotations; are common solutions conceivable? – Storage

– User management

– Group management

– Ephemeral annotations versus permanent record

– Discovery of annotations

Questions / Discussion

john.b.howard@ucd.ie

UCD implementation: presentation API

UCD implementation: search API, v.1 (beta)