the renaissance (rebirth) and reformation 1447-1600

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance(Rebirth) and (Rebirth) and ReformationReformation1447-16001447-1600

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1.1. Who do you think the painting is of Who do you think the painting is of and why?and why?

2.2. What unique features can you see in What unique features can you see in the painting that you would not the painting that you would not have seen in art prior to the have seen in art prior to the Renaissance?Renaissance?

3.3. What makes Renaissance Art What makes Renaissance Art revolutionary?revolutionary?

Ideal ManIdeal Man Charming, Polite, Charming, Polite,

WittyWitty Well educated in Well educated in

Greek and LatinGreek and Latin He should be able to He should be able to

dance, write poetry, dance, write poetry, sing and play musicsing and play music

He should be He should be physically graceful physically graceful and strong and strong

a skilled rider wrestler a skilled rider wrestler and swordsmanand swordsman

SEEK FAMESEEK FAME

Ideal WomanIdeal Woman Well educated in Well educated in Greek and LatinGreek and Latin

Write well, paint, Write well, paint, make music , make music , dancedance

Be charmingBe charming Expected to Expected to

inspire poetry and inspire poetry and art but rarely to art but rarely to create itcreate it

DOES NOT SEEK DOES NOT SEEK FAMEFAME

The The Sexiest Sexiest

Man AliveMan AliveLouis XIV Louis XIV of Franceof France

The Sun The Sun KingKing

Characteristics of Characteristics of Renaissance ArtRenaissance Art

1.1. Always takes you to another Always takes you to another room (indoor or out)room (indoor or out)

2.2. Often of a religious natureOften of a religious nature3.3. Reflect common lifeReflect common life4.4. Apples = God’s dominionApples = God’s dominion5.5. One Candle = God’s presenceOne Candle = God’s presence

6.6. Shoes off = respect for godShoes off = respect for god

7.7. Dogs = loyaltyDogs = loyalty

8.8. Fruit = wealthFruit = wealth

9.9. There are always tons of There are always tons of sexual under tones.sexual under tones.

10.10.Paintings emphasis the Paintings emphasis the dominance of man (patriarch dominance of man (patriarch v. matriarch)v. matriarch)

Arena Arena ChapelChapel

GiottoGiotto

13051305

Divine ComedyDivine Comedy

Dante 1308-1321Dante 1308-1321

Petrarch’s Love Sonnet to LauraPetrarch’s Love Sonnet to Laura It was the day the sun's ray had It was the day the sun's ray had

turned paleturned palewith pity for the suffering of his with pity for the suffering of his MakerMakerwhen I was caught, and I put up when I was caught, and I put up no fight,no fight,my lady, for your lovely eyes my lady, for your lovely eyes had bound me.had bound me.

The Medici FamilyThe Medici Family Political rulers;Political rulers; Funded much of Funded much of

the Renaissancethe Renaissance Often depicted Often depicted

in religious in religious context; context; demonstrates demonstrates their believed their believed superioritysuperiority

DonatelloDonatello

The Healing of the Cripple & The Healing of the Cripple & Resurrection of TabithaResurrection of Tabitha

MasaccioMasaccio

Niccolo MachiavelliNiccolo MachiavelliThe PrinceThe Prince 1513 1513

1.1. Most people were Most people were selfish, fickle & selfish, fickle & corruptcorrupt

2.2. Rulers may need to Rulers may need to trick there enemies trick there enemies & their own people & their own people for the good of the for the good of the statestate

3.3. Not concerned w/ Not concerned w/ morally rt. but w/ morally rt. but w/ politically effectivepolitically effective

““The end justifies the The end justifies the means.”means.”

The Sistine ChapelThe Sistine ChapelMichelangeloMichelangelo

Pieta

MichelangeloMichelangelo

14991499

A Pieta is Mary A Pieta is Mary holding the holding the

crucified body crucified body of Jesus.of Jesus.

Madonna and Madonna and ChildChild

Sassoferrato Sassoferrato Making the Making the ConnectionConnection

A Madonna is A Madonna is Mary and the Mary and the Baby JesusBaby Jesus

This is the most This is the most common image common image

used on the used on the postal stamp.postal stamp.

School of Athens Raphael, 1510

1: 1: Zeno of Citium 2: 2: Epicurus 3: 3: 

Federico II of Mantua

4: 4: Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

5: 5: Averroes 6: 6: Pythagoras 7: 7: 

Alexander the Great

8: 8: Antisthenes 9: 9: Hypatia 10: 10: Aeschines 11: 11: Parmenides

12: Socrates 12: Socrates 13:  Michelangelo 13:  Michelangelo 14: Plato, (Leonardo 14: Plato, (Leonardo

da Vinci) da Vinci) 15: Aristotle 15: Aristotle 16: Diogenes of 16: Diogenes of

SinopeSinope 17: Plotinus 17: Plotinus

18: Euclid or 18: Euclid or Archimedes with Archimedes with students students

19: Zoroaster 19: Zoroaster 20: Ptolemy  20: Ptolemy 

(Raphael) (Raphael) 21: Protogenes21: Protogenes

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

Hans Hans HolbeinHolbein

15371537

““The Royal The Royal Painter”Painter”

The Wedding Portrait

Jan Van Eyck, 1431

Giovanni di Nicolao Arnolfini and his wife

Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection

Compare and contrast the class Compare and contrast the class divisions seen in the paintings of divisions seen in the paintings of peasant and noble dances / parties.peasant and noble dances / parties.

What conclusions can you draw?What conclusions can you draw?

The Peasant WeddingThe Peasant WeddingPieter Bruegel 1568Pieter Bruegel 1568

The Peasant DanceThe Peasant DancePieter Bruegel 1568Pieter Bruegel 1568

Mona LisaMona Lisa

Leonardo da Vinci

1503-1506“The true Renaissanc

e man”

Last SupperLast Supper Leonardo da Vinci 1495-98 1495-98

15.09 x 28.87 ft.15.09 x 28.87 ft.

The Money Lender and His

Wife

Quentin Massys

1514

The ReformationThe ReformationPreview and ProcessingPreview and Processing

1.1. Why did many people Why did many people believe that the RCC needed believe that the RCC needed reforming?reforming?

2.2. How did the Reformation How did the Reformation affect the development of affect the development of the RCC in terms of its the RCC in terms of its power and influence?power and influence?

Fearful childFearful child Lightening=monkLightening=monk October 31, 1517October 31, 1517

– John Tetzel; John Tetzel; IndulgencesIndulgences

– 95 Theses95 Theses– Printing press Printing press – ReformationReformation

Edict of WormsEdict of Worms

Martin LutherMartin Luther

A Heretic!

Catholics v. ProtestantsCatholics v. Protestants

1.1. Salvation Salvation through worksthrough works

2.2. Pope is the Pope is the authority for authority for Christian lifeChristian life

3.3. Only the PriestOnly the Priest or RCC can offer or RCC can offer

forgiveness; forgiveness; prayer must be prayer must be through a through a secondary partysecondary party

1.1. Salvation by Salvation by faith alonefaith alone

2.2. Bible only Bible only authority for authority for Christian lifeChristian life

3.3. Priesthood of Priesthood of all believers; all believers; direct line to direct line to GodGod

Henry VIIIHenry VIII Defender of Defender of

the Faiththe Faith

John CalvinJohn Calvin– PredestinatioPredestinatio

nn– HuguenotsHuguenots

John KnoxJohn Knox– PresbyterPresbyter

– PresbyterianPresbyterianss

The Counter ReformationThe Counter Reformation Council of TrentCouncil of Trent

1.1. Pope’s interpretation of the Bible was Pope’s interpretation of the Bible was finalfinal

2.2. Salvation through faith & worksSalvation through faith & works

3.3. Bible & church w/ = authority for Bible & church w/ = authority for guiding a Christian's lifeguiding a Christian's life

4.4. Indulgences, pilgrimages & veneration Indulgences, pilgrimages & veneration of holy relics were allowedof holy relics were allowed

5.5. Created an Created an Index of Forbidden BooksIndex of Forbidden Books

Making the Connection HW1. Who was Thomas More?

Where was he from? What book did he write? Year? What was his connection to Henry VIII? What ultimately happened to him and

why?2. Who was Erasmus?

What country was he from? What book did he write? Year? What do he and More have in common? Did he and More ever meet?

The Scientific RevolutionThe Scientific Revolution

Geocentric (Ptolemy) v. Geocentric (Ptolemy) v. Heliocentric (Copernicus)Heliocentric (Copernicus)

Galileo: TelescopeGalileo: Telescope–Forced to recant his findings Forced to recant his findings or be burned @ the stakeor be burned @ the stake

Kepler’s Laws Kepler’s Laws of Planetary of Planetary

MotionMotion

1.1. Planets revolve Planets revolve around the sun around the sun in elliptical orbitsin elliptical orbits

2.2. Planets move Planets move faster as they faster as they approach the sunapproach the sun

3.3. Time it take Time it take planets to orbit planets to orbit depends on how depends on how close they are to close they are to the sunthe sun

Meanwhile back in Meanwhile back in England…England…

Henry VIII used the Protestant Henry VIII used the Protestant Reformation to justify his divorce Reformation to justify his divorce from his wife Catherine of from his wife Catherine of Aragon.Aragon.

He is desperate for a male heir.He is desperate for a male heir. So much for “Defender of the So much for “Defender of the

Faith.”Faith.”

The Tudors

War of the RosesWar of the RosesYork (white) v. Lancaster (red)York (white) v. Lancaster (red)

Catherine of Catherine of AragonAragon

Mary I (27)

Elizabeth I Anne Boleyn

Jane Seymour

Edward VI Came to power in 1542 @ age 9. Died in 1553 @ age 15.

Anne of Anne of ClevesCleves

DivorcedDivorced

Katherine Katherine HowardHoward

Beheaded Beheaded for for adulteryadultery

Catherine ParrCatherine Parr Outlived Henry Outlived Henry

who died on who died on January 28, January 28, 1547 1547