the timeline of inventors industrial revolution inventors inventions

The Timeline of Inventors

Industrial Revolution Inventors & Inventions

TIMELINE OF INVENTORS

1. Who was the inventor?2. What was the invention?3. Where was it invented?4. When was it invented?5. What did the invention do? 6. What did the invention allow to happen?

The 1st Industrial Revolution

Historical Figures 1-8

1. JAMES HARGREAVES

1. JAMES HARGREAVES

• Spinning Jenny = thread

• Great Britain• 1764• 1st Industrial

Revolution• Makes clothes faster

and cheaper

2. James Watt

2. JAMES WATT

• Improved steam engine = energy• Great Britain• 1769• 1st Industrial Revolution• An engine that converts the heat

energy of pressurized steam into mechanical energy.

• Power source for factories

3. Henry Cort

3. Henry Cort

• Puddling process/furnace• Great Britain• 1784• 1st Industrial Revolution• Removed carbon impurities

from Iron making it stronger• Led to widespread use of

iron for a variety of items including iron rail (railroad)

4. Eli Whitney

4. ELI WHITNEY• Cotton gin – remove seeds

from cotton• United States• 1793• 1st Industrial Revolution• Made it easier to clean

cotton of its seeds• Increases cotton

production = more textiles

5. Edward Jenner

5. Edward Jenner• Small pox vaccine

• Great Britain

• 1798

• Helped prevent the spread of smallpox

• Greatly reduced the number of people getting smallpox and lower fatality rate.

1802 caricature of Jenner vaccinating patients who feared it would make them sprout cow-like appendages.

6. Robert Fulton

6. ROBERT FULTON• Steam Boat =

water transportation• United States• 1807• 1st Industrial Revolution• Propelled boats along waterways powered

by steam• Transportation – faster and cheaper

– Communication improves (mail moves faster)

7. Michael Faraday

7. MICHAEL FARADAY

• Electric Generator• Great Britain• 1821• 1st Industrial Revolution

to 2nd Industrial Revolution

• New energy source – makes light, heat, runs machines

8. George Stephenson

8. GEORGE STEPHENSON

• Steam locomotive – train• Great Britain• 1825• 1st Industrial Revolution

• Transportation – land, revolutionized transportation

• Linked people, place, goods• Creates demand for: iron rails

& engines, jobs for building & operating, coal

The 2nd Industrial Revolution

Historical Figures 9-18

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

What were the major differences between the inventions of the first industrial revolution and the second industrial revolution?

9. Andrew Carnegie

9. Andrew Carnegie

• Mass production of steel

• United States• 1865• 2nd Industrial

Revolution• Steel – lighter,

harder, more durable than iron

10. Samuel Morse

10. SAMUEL MORSE• Telegraph – coded

messages over wires by means of electricity

• United States• 1844• 1st — 2nd Industrial

Revolution• Completely changed

communication; enabled rapid exchange of information

11. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE

11. FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE• Nursing profession

– Cleaner hospitals, better hygiene, 1st school of nursing

• Great Britain• 1860• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Health/Sanitation Revolution

12. LOUIS PASTEUR

12. LOUIS PASTEUR

• Germ Theory of Disease & Pasteurization - Kill germs – lowers disease & more people live

• France• 1870• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Pasteurization – heat-up &

cool down

13. THOMAS EDISON

13. THOMAS EDISON• Light Bulb• United States• 1879• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Light – led the way for

light and electricity; people (factories) can operate independent of daylight

14. Alexander Graham Bell

14. Alexander Graham Bell

• Telephone• United States• 1876• 2nd Industrial

Revolution• Made

communication easier and quicker

18821913

The Telephone

15. BENZ, MAYBACH & DAIMLER

Wilhelm Maybach

15. BENZ, MAYBACH & DAIMLER• Internal Combustion Engine

– Made transportation quicker and more reliable

• Germany• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Benz

– 1885 – 3 wheeled automobile• Maybach

– 1876 - Four-stroke cycle • Daimler

– 1885 – 1st motorcycle

16. Guglielmo Marconi

16. Guglielmo Marconi

• System of wireless telegraphy

• Great Britain• 1896• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Improved ways of

communication• Allowed communication to go

across the Atlantic

17. Orville and Wilbur Wright

17. Orville and Wilbur Wright

• Airplane• December 17, 1903 • United States• 2nd Industrial revolution• the first sustained and controlled

heavier-than-air powered flight • Began a new age in

transportation—air travel (sort of)

18. Henry Ford

18. Henry Ford

• Model T• Assembly line method of construction• United States• 1908• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Greatly improved and sped up

production; cut costs of manufactured goods

The Social Impact of the Industrial Revolution

Historical Figures 19 & 20

Karl Marx

Karl Marx• The Communist Manifesto &

Das Kapital• 1848 Trier, Germany• 2nd Industrial Revolution• Argued against the merits of

capitalism & praised the proletariat (workers)

• His philosophy led to a rise in socialism and radical communism

Adam Smith

Adam Smith• The Wealth of Nations• 1776 British Colonies in

America• 1st Industrial Revolution• Laid the theoretical

framework for capitalism and the “invisible hand”

• Believed that the pursuit of individual wealth and success would improve society for everyone