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To Kill a Mockingbird
by Harper Lee
Harper Lee: Then and Now
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Autobiographical Nature of Text
Lee’s Childhood Scout’s Childhood
1930s; rural Alabama 1930s; rural Alabama
Her father was an attorney Her father, Atticus Finch, is an attorney
Avid reader and tomboy Avid reader and tomboy
Playmates were brother and neighbor (Truman Capote)
Playmates are brother Jem and neighbor Dill
Six years old during Scottsboro trials
Six years old during Tom Robinson’s trial
The Great Depression
Stock market crash in 1929
1933-thirteen million Americans unemployed
750,000 farmers lost their land
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Perceptions of African Americans in the South (1930’s)
Considered second-class citizens
Absolute segregation of blacks and whites
Blacks held only menial (low-class, servile) jobs
Blacks were considered lazy, untrustworthy liars
Jim Crow
System of racial segregation in South from 1877-1960s
1896 Plessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court Case ruled “separate but equal”
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Scottsboro Trial
9 boys, aged 13-19 Accused of rape by two
white women Unfair trial
No evidence All white jury
Death penalty
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Scottsboro Trial Parallels
Scottsboro Trials Tom Robinson’s Trial
1930s 1930s
Northern Alabama Southern Alabama
Began with a charge of rape made be two white women against 9 African American men
Begins as a charge of rape made by a white woman by against an African American man
Judge angered public by trying to give black men fair trial
Atticus arouses anger by defending Tom Robinson
The Civil Rights Movement: A Chronology
1954 Brown v. Topeka Board of Education rules “separate is inherently unequal”
1955 Emmett Till lynchingRosa Parks begins bus boycott
1957 Court-ordered desegregation
1960 To Kill a Mockingbird is published
1963 Dr. King’s “I Have a Dream” speech
1964 Civil Rights Act is passed
Reading the Text Read with historical
framework (1930s setting and 1960 publication)
Racially-charged language
Bildungsroman: novel of formation; a text that traces a character’s moral, psychological, and social development from childhood to maturity
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