training to defend -

TRAINING TO

DEFEND

USHA SATISH

SIEGFRIED STREUFERT

ELEMENTS OF TERRORISM

VIOLENCE

LOSS OF LIFE

LOSS OF PROPERTY

LOSS OF SERVICES

HOW DO WE COMBAT

TERRORISM?

REDUCE VULNERABILTY

HEIGHTENED SECURITY

ANTICIPATION

IDENTIFICATION

PREVENTION

ENHANCED ASSESSMENT

ENHANCED TRAINING

Terrorism: Dynamics

Characteristics

Potentially changing

Requirements

Innovative assessment

Innovative training

Assessment and Training

Systems approach

Dynamic

Optimal under VUCAD

Volatility

Uncertainty

Complexity

Ambiguous

Delayed feedback

SMS SIMULATIONS:

Assessment and Training

What is the product - Concept

A (SimCity type) “test” given to an individual.

Or a “distributed test” given to a team.

Proven measures to evaluate performance on tests.

Qualitative and/or quantitative feedback to

emergency personnel.

Optional: Prescriptive remedies to improve

effectiveness of individual or team.

The tests measure the ability to use initiative , multitask, plan and

strategize. The test has been proven and validated for individuals

ranging from very senior executives to blue collar jobs to head injured

patients with impaired cognition.

How good is the product - Pedigree

Developed over 40 years

Over 350 peer reviewed articles in

prestigious journals

Used internationally

How good is the product -

Reliability and Validity

Reliability: Proven repeatability and

sensitivity of tests.

Validity: Proven predictability of tests.

Who has used the product with us

USAF ONR, ARI, USA Intelligence Community USDS Royal military college, Australia National Institutes of Health German Police Academy Computer Science Corporation Daimler Benz Schering-Plough Warner Lambert Philips Volkswagen

……etc….

The Product

Individual or

teamParticipates in computer

simulation with various

possible scenarios with

tasks that a potentially

complex and volatile, have

ambiguity and have

delayed feedback

1243792143286487324683274832648732448343

Yielding quantitative

measurements

Measured by

validated, reliable,

sensitive scoring

mechanisms

Use results to

improve

performance via

training or for

hiring decision

Providing results on over 20

parameters for “decision making”(Parameters include

responsiveness, initiative, emergency

responses, planning, strategy, etc.)

SMS: Security & Privacy Requirements:

Protect security and integrity of system

Ensure protection of information (test results) from unauthorized access and within regulatory compliance guidelines.

Underlying system chosen:

Secure Identity Appliance, from SingleSignOn.Net Inc.

Why chosen

Only system of its class to be awarded National Institute of Science and Technology FIPS – 140-1 Level 2 rating.

Provides high assurance (using technology called PKI) but is easy and simple to use (an important requirement for us).

Has been selected by significant customers (e.g. One Health Port (healthcare), Identrus (Banking consortium) and Northrop Grumman (part of bid for Federal eAuthentication project).

Summary:

SMS takes security and privacy seriously and protects itself using state of the art technology (which is still easy to use).

Advantages of SMS simulations Simulation based testing provides far more information than static

“questionnaire tests”

Is measuring:

critical thinking + crisis management + flexibility + use of factual knowledge + team interaction + activity level + response speed + task

orientation + contextual responsiveness + initiative + information seeking + information utilization + emergency responses + sustained

planning + use of strategy + response to immediate context + response to broader context + flexibility in thinking + breadth of approach

..all at once,

Using measures that have proven validity, sensitivity and reliability, 350 publications in recognized journals over 35 years.

The tests measure the ability to use initiative , multitask, plan and

strategize. The test has been proven and validated for individuals

ranging from very senior executives to blue collar jobs to head injured

patients with impaired cognition.

SMS SIMULATIONS

PROVIDE MULTIPLE COMPETENCY

MEASUREMENT

USED WORLD-WIDE TO ASSESS AND

TRAIN DECISION MAKERS

GENERIC APPLICABILITY TO MULTIPLE

SETTINGS

Training :Individual

Individual training in emergency preparedness

Tailored to individual/team requirements

Assessment of strengths and weaknesses

Training will emphasize both prevention and

defense

Especially useful for senior decision makers

Training :Teams

Tailored to team requirements

Assessment of strengths and weaknesses

Ability to pinpoint and train specific dynamics of

team interactions that are pivotal to emergency

preparedness

Select team composition for perfect teams

Enhance performance of existing teams

Training will emphasize both prevention and

defense

Core training concepts

Are all or most antecedents to a problem being

considered?

Are multiple options being considered toward

problem solving?

Are decisions timely?

Core training concepts

Is there integration of thought processes? Are

current events tied to prior antecedents?

Will responses to sudden unanticipated

emergencies be optimal?

Are people seeking and utilizing required

information in an adequate and timely fashion?

Are people able to anticipate and prevent

opponents intended actions?

SMS SIMULATIONS MEASUREMENT

GRAPHIC

PROFILE

MATRIX OF SUCCESSFUL

PERSON

WELL INTEGRATED

PRESENCE OF MULTIPLE STRATEGIES

INSIGHTS/ANTICIPATING OPPONENT’S

ACTIONS

PRESENCE OF INITIATIVE

PLANS IN GOOD PROPORTION

MULTIPLE DECISIONS

MATRIX OF UNSUCCESSFUL

PERFORMANCE

LOW STRATEGY LEVEL

LOW LEVELS OF INITIATIVE

LOW BREADTH OF APPROACH

FEWER PLANS THAT ARE REALIZED

POOR INSIGHT

POOR ANTICIPATION OF OPPONENT’S

ACTIONS

MATRIX OF MODERATE

PERFORMANCE

AVERAGE STRATEGY LEVEL

LOW TO MODERATE INITIATIVE

MODERATE BREADTH OF APPROACH

FEWER PLANS THAT ARE REALIZED

TENDENCY TO MERELY RESPOND

LITTLE INSIGHT/ANTICIPATION OF

OPPONENT’S ACTIONS

TIME EVENT MATRIX OF

PERSON UNDER STRESS

LEVEL OF

INTEGRATION, PLANNING, STRATE

GY BREAKS DOWN AFTER STRESS

WHILE PERFORMANCE UNDER

NORMAL CONDITIONS IS

AVERAGE, POST STRESS THERE IS

SIGNIFICANT BREAKDOWN IN

PERFORMANCE

MATRIX OF PLANNER

NORMATIVE PROFILE

MEAN UPPER 5%

MEAN UPPER 50%

MEAN LOWER 5%

MEAN LOWER 50%

Training workshop : 3 Days

Three hour assessment

Debrief

Extended training on specific parameters as

required

Repeat assessment

Follow up and continued retraining as

required

Improved Crisis Management

Placement issues

Individual placements

Team compositions

Help pick superior, most efficient team

compositions

Systems approach: Train teams with diverse

compositions to perform optimally

Effective coordination among individuals

Effective coordination among teams

Effective coordination among different

agencies

To anticipate and prevent and to resolve

problems generated by terrorist activities

training to defend -

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