week4-measuring data

MEASURING DATABITS AND BYTES

Understanding DataData (the plural of datum) are anything

in a form suitable for use with a computer. Whatever a computer receives as an input is data. Data are raw facts without any clear meaning. Computers process data and generate information.

All data stored and processed by computers are in the form of whole numbers. The purpose of the numbers becomes clear after they are interpreted and displayed by software.

Part of the data stored in the computer for the file apple.bmp

The apple.bmp File

Decimal Number System

Binary Number System

Bits and BytesWe measure computer information

(data) in bits and bytes. Bit is short for binary digit. It is the smallest unit of information that a computer can understand. One bit represents a 1 or 0 digit in a binary numeral or a true or false logical condition. A bit is represented physically by high or low voltage in a circuit or a small magnetized spot on a disk.

Bits and BytesByte is short for binary term. A byte usually contains eight bits. It can represent a single character, such as a letter, a digit, or a punctuation mark. Because a byte represents only a small amount of information, we usually measure amounts of computer memory and storage in kilobytes (one kilobyte is 1024 bytes), megabytes (one megabyte is 1048576 bytes), gigabytes (one gigabyte is 1073741824

bytes).

Bits and Bytes

In Bytes In Bits(Power Notation)

In Bits

1 byte 23 bits 8 bits

1 kilobyte (KB) 210 bytes 1024 bytes

1 megabyte (MB) 220 bytes 1024 kilobytes

1 gigabyte (GB) 230 bytes 1024 megabytes

1 terabyte (TB) 240 bytes 1024 gigabytes

1 petabyte (PB) 250 bytes 1024 terabytes

1 exabyte (EB) 260 bytes 1024 petabytes

1 zettabyte (ZB) 270 bytes 1024 exabytes

1 yottabyte (YB) 280 bytes 1024 zettabytes

Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal Numbers

512 MB = ……………...…....… GB64 b = …………........……… B5120 GB = ………....……...…… TB4096 PB = …….....………...……

EB0.25 GB = .......…………………

MB

TAKING CARE OF THE COMPUTER

Monitor Cleaning

Keyboard Cleaning

Mouse Cleaning

Case Cleaning

Keep Your PC Cool

Buy Quality HardwareGet Power ProtectionGet an Anti-Virus ProgramScan for Other MalwareRun the Defragmenter Utility

Clean Up Old Files

HEALTHY COMPUTER USEMake Yourself ComfortablePut the computer directly in front of you when

you work. Make sure you have enough space to operate the different parts of the computer (keyboard, mouse, etc.) easily.

Set your chair height so that the keyboard is at (or slightly below) the level of your elbow. You should be able to type comfortably with your shoulders relaxed.

HEALTHY COMPUTER USEMake Yourself ComfortableSet the back of your chair so that it

supports the lower part of your spine.Sit straight so that your knees, hips, and

elbows areat about 90 degree angles when you work. Do not lean forward or back too far.

HEALTHY COMPUTER USETake a BreakChange your position

often. If you use a computer for a long time, stand up and stretch your wrists, hands, and legs regularly.

Take frequent short breaks (for example, two or three minutes every half hour) instead of one or two long breaks.

BUYING A COMPUTERYour NeedsWindows vs. MacDesktop vs. LaptopHardwareSoftwareService, Support and Warranty