why open standards matter to the smart grid: a wimax · pdf filewhy open standards matter to...

Why Open Standards Matter to the Smart Grid:

A WiMAX Forum Perspective

Doug Gray, WiMAX ForumSmart Energy International

Oct 21, 2011

Open Standards do Matter!

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Open End-to-End

Standard

Multiple Suppliers

Economies of Scale

Lower Costs

Interoperability

Inter-network Interworking

Multiple Choices

Optimal Solutions

Better Business Case

Results in… SG Benefits…

Seven Smart Grid Domains

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Eight Priority SG Use CasesFERC Identified Priorities1. Demand Response & Consumer Energy Efficiency)2. Wide Area Situational Awareness3. Electrical Storage4. Electric TransportationAdditional Priority Use Cases5. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)6. Distribution Grid ManagementCross Cutting Use Cases7. Cyber-Security8. Data Networking (Network & Systems Management)• > 12 Additional Use Cases defined by OpenSG-Net WG

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SG Use Cases Define Communication Paths Across Multiple Domains

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Source: NIST

• Many Use Cases link all seven domains• Significant network challenges

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Total of 7,878 Data flows, 20+ Use cases, Interconnecting 7 Domains Source: OpenSG-Net SRS

Wireless Network Challenges

• Indoor-to-Indoor– Indoor meters banks

–HANs

• Indoor-to-Outdoor & Outdoor-to-Indoor– Indoor & basement-located meters

• Outdoor-to-Outdoor–Transmission, Distribution, Backhaul–Varied demographics for AMI

• Low density rural to high density urban

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Rural Area Challenge• ~20% of US population live on 80% of land area• 4.3% of US population live on 72% of land area

– Very low household density• Widely distributed HH clusters to…• Widely spaced housing units

– Hills, valleys, mountains, trees or..

– Flat open space• Require 100% coverage

– Capacity not an issue– Lower frequency bands

preferred

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Urban Area Challenge

• ~6.4% of population live on 0.03% of land area – >4,000 HH per sq-mi + enterprise– High rise buildings– Crowded spectrum– Basement-located meter

clusters to HAN

• Capacity & coverage– Small cell sizes – Access to more spectrum

preferred

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Spectrum Challenge

• No specific FCC allocation for Smart Grid in US

• From 700 MHz to > 5000 MHz–Licensed and unlicensed–May share with other applications

– Interference can be an issue

• Multi-band capability may be required for some Use Cases

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Meeting Data Communication Requirements• Cyber-Security

– Confidentiality-Integrity-Availability

• Reliability• Link Performance

– Capacity– Latency– Cell-edge performance– Margins for:

• Penetration loss, shadow fading, interference

– Symbol Error Rate

• Inter-Utility Connections• Inter-Network Connections

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Multiple access technologies will often be required• Wireline

– BPL, xDSL, etc

• Wireless– Existing systems: (PtP) TDM-based– Unlicensed: 802.11 (WiFi), Bluetooth, etc.– Private: WiMAX/LTE, etc.– Public: GSM, EDGE, HSPA+, etc.– Satellite –rural, landline backup, etc.

• Key: Internetwork-interworking, interference management (coexistence)

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Developing an End-to-EndWiMAX Standard

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WF-SGWGEnd-to-end WiMAX Requirements for SG Applications

WF-Technical WGWF-Network WG

WiMAX System

Profiles for SG Networks

• Spectrum• Features• Interworking

PHY/MAC+802.16n,p

• EPRI• UTC• Utilities• Etc

OpenSG Comm-Net

WG

PAP02 Wireless

Guidelines for Smart

Grid

FERC & EISA-2007

NIST

FERC = Federal Energy Regulatory CommissionEISA = Energy Independence & Security Act

Conclusion: WiMAX Open Standard

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Multiple Choices

Optimal Solutions

Better Business Case

SG Benefits…

• Focus on 802.16 attributes & features important for Smart Grid

• Profiles in applicable frequency bands

• IP Architecture

• Meet SG performance requirements:

• UL & DL Channel Capacity, Latency, Security,

Reliability, Internetwork interworking

End-to-End System Profiles for SG Networks