1. Grid-Interactive SystemsA matter of energy storage Dr. Jeffery Lee Johnson CTO Todo-Solar Coahuila, MxicoEmail: jeff.johnson@todo-solar.com-mx Tele: (+52) 871 722 9522www.todo-solar.com.mx

2. Agenda Seasoned Sentiments What is a Grid Interactive system? Best explained by what it is not Definition of a true grid-interactive PV System Examples of Grid Interactive systems Why are Grid Interactive systems of interest to installers? Seeing the Bigger picture Centralized versus Distributed Systems Addressing the larger questions Why grid interactive systems ? What will be the evolving role of Energy Storage for next generation PV system Summary and questions 3. Doc Solstices Seasoned SentimentsLets examine the limit in which by some miracletomorrow morning we had access to an unlimitedsource of free clean energy.Would this be a sustainable scenario? 4. Doc Solstices Seasoned SentimentsLets examine the limit in which by some miracletomorrow morning we had access to an unlimitedsource of free clean energy.Would this be a sustainable scenario?No! This would not be a sustainable scenario !Sustainability represents far more than just oursource of energy. It includes: Energy delivery and storage systems Intelligent and efficient use of energy Smart Grids Impact of energy use on other resourcesGlobal and local economics 5. Most familiar types of modern PV systems are Off-Grid and Grid-connected#SolarMOOC webinar by Kenny Grigar on Off-Grid Systems Introduction to the #SolarMOOC Academy & many other http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=65yV7rPRreA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=76UZnghX9Dg Wholly Grid independent Wholly Grid Dependent Used where Grid is limited or non-existent Used where Grid is reliable Market is mostly developing economies Fastest growing PV Market Enabling Event is affordable storage Enabling Event is net metering 6. Grid Connected with Battery Backup (GCBB) is a Hybrid System IN SOME CASES, THESE ARE TWO SEPARATE INVERTERS 7. Another Example of GCBB 8. The key issues for GCBB are Cost andOperational mode These systems require more components and storage whichelevates cost Sometimes referred to as Grid Interactive, but it is not aswhat is meant here Energy is stored for later use but not necessarily as needed Backup kicks in when grid is down Usually backups specific AC circuits or DC loads Requires more sophisticated design rules and additionalinstallation 9. What is a true Grid Interactive PV System ? Similar to GCBB systems but more formally it is defined asGrid Connected System with Intelligent Energy Storage Hybrid of Intelligent Storage and integrated Inverter Applies stored energy as needed or upon demand (such as at night, cloudy days etc.) independent of Grid status Uses various energy storage devices such as improved Lithium Ion Batteries or Fuel cells Optimizes private consumption for a consumer-controlled net metering scheme Affordable technology is just now emerging (June 2012) Adds flexibility to PV systems design with respect to production With flexibility come complexity ! 10. The Emergence of Intelligent Storage http://www.schottsolar.com/global/news/top-news/article/schott-storeitTM-2/SCHOTT STOREIT High-performance battery pack of lithium-ion cells, a PV inverter, a battery inverter and an energy management system.Easily connects with the existing housenetwork with need to connect individualcomponents. Energy management system controls howmuch of the electricity generated by the PVsystem is actually used for privateconsumption, stored inside the battery or fedinto the Grid SCHOTT will unveil its The battery basically serves as an electricity storage concept, the SCHOTT STOREIT, at theintermediate storage device for the PV electricity Intersolar EuropeTrade Showgenerated during the day, which the system in Munich, June 13th-15th,owner can then used at a time when needed. 2012. 11. Schematic of a Grid Interactive systemPower Generation Meter Monitor PV Production Bidirectional MeterRandom Grid consumption or Load 12. Fronius Energy Cell http://www.fronius.com/cps/rde/xchg/SID-05807842-8029BBDE/fronius_usa/hs.xsl/2714_1586.htmThe core of this concept is ahybrid fuel cell with integratedinverter electronics 13. The Basics of Fuel Cell Hydrogen is separated from waterusing hydrolysis Solar Energy is converted intoelectrochemical energy Hydrogen is passed through acatalyst membrane that strips offthe electron Negative cathode is charged,positive protons are attracted topositive cathode creating abattery To discharge, electrons arereunited with the hydrogenprotons. Hydrogen atoms are passivelyrecombined with O2 with abyproduct of water 14. Why are Grid Interactive Systemsimportant to installers ? Sooner or later, installers will have to deal with thedesign and installation Procedures and Processes will evolve with technology,especially energy storage Energy storage is already on the renewable energyroadmap High priority now for Utility Scale projects Future Smart Grid architecture calls for energy storage at all levels including residential Prices for main components have dropped to where energy storage costs are well above radar and are being addressedHey, the Germans are once again taking the lead anddoing it, I tend to trust the German Solar industry 15. Utility Scale Solar does not address issues relatedto centralization: Storage and DistributionTraditional Central Plant Solar PV Central PlantEnergy isstored in Fuel ? Oversized Distribution Grid = Energy loss (8.5% and rising) 16. Energy Storage shaves Load 17. Advantages of Distributed Systems Distributed systems are a network of individual mini-plants using renewable energy -- homes, businesses, small solar farms, community solar parks etc Energy is created near or at point of consumption (true even with net metering) Generally takes advantages of dual purpose land Big Box Rooftops, residential, revitalized land (such as landfills), schools etc Still depends on Grid network and hence, ENERGY STORAGE 18. From the Macro to the Micro: Smart Distributed Systems (Residential)Many technologies must and will merge to form the ideal integrated system 19. Characteristics of a homesystem with storage 20. The future will depend on smart storage and intelligentdistribution at both Centralized and Distributed levels 21. Summary Solar Energy is in its infancy The renewable energy roadmap is being drawn outto 2020, 2030, 2050 and beyond To replace existing needs and provide futureneeds, We need to get smart about energystorage, energy distribution, energy use and allnatural resources including land"We cant solve problems by using the same kind ofthinking we used when we created them. A. Einstein 22. (Solar Energy made available to Everyone) Twitter: @TodoSolarTwitter: @TodoSolarKidshttp://www.todo-solar.com.mx