An Emerging World PowerAn Emerging World Power

Chapter 18Chapter 18

1. The Roots of Imperialism1. The Roots of ImperialismPolicy by which Policy by which strong nations strong nations extend their political, extend their political, military, and military, and economic control economic control over weaker over weaker territoriesterritories

ExtractiveExtractive – remove – remove raw materials & ship raw materials & ship to the home countryto the home country

ReasonsReasonsEconomicEconomic – Raw materials, markets for finished – Raw materials, markets for finished products, fuel industrial revolutionproducts, fuel industrial revolutionPoliticalPolitical – Strengthened your country’s – Strengthened your country’s power/prestige in the worldpower/prestige in the worldMilitaryMilitary – Needed stronger military to protect – Needed stronger military to protect growing interests and trade; provided basesgrowing interests and trade; provided basesSocialSocial – Belief in racial, national and cultural – Belief in racial, national and cultural superioritysuperiority– Social Darwinism Social Darwinism – only the fittest survive– only the fittest survive– Humanitarian Humanitarian – spread Christianity and western ideals– spread Christianity and western ideals– TurnerTurner – west was a “safety valve” but now closed; – west was a “safety valve” but now closed;

needed outlets (Manifest Destiny)needed outlets (Manifest Destiny)

The United States and ImperialismThe United States and ImperialismAmerica keeps to America keeps to itselfitself– George WashingtonGeorge Washington– Monroe DoctrineMonroe Doctrine

Didn’t need Didn’t need resources but resources but needed needed marketsmarketsAlfred T. Alfred T. MahanMahan urges a strong urges a strong navy & acquisition navy & acquisition of foreign basesof foreign bases

American Imperialism cont.American Imperialism cont.Matthew Perry Matthew Perry enters enters Tokyo Bay & opens up Tokyo Bay & opens up trade with Japantrade with JapanSet precedent for Set precedent for further expansionfurther expansionWilliam Seward William Seward purchases Alaska for purchases Alaska for $7.2 million$7.2 million– Seward’s Folly (Icebox)Seward’s Folly (Icebox)– Rich in timber, ore, oilRich in timber, ore, oil

Increased trade with Increased trade with Latin AmericaLatin America– Pan American HighwayPan American Highway

American Imperialism cont.American Imperialism cont.

U.S. acquires U.S. acquires HawaiiHawaii

Planters had large investments – Planters had large investments – sugar cane, pineapple (Dole)sugar cane, pineapple (Dole)

Overthrew Hawaiian Queen – Overthrew Hawaiian Queen – Liliuokalani Liliuokalani (strong Hawaiian (strong Hawaiian nationalist)nationalist)– She had resisted American controlShe had resisted American control– Eventually Eventually annexedannexed

2. The Spanish American War2. The Spanish American WarCubans rebel against Cubans rebel against Spanish ruleSpanish rule– Jose Marti Jose Marti – rebel– rebel– Thousands put into Thousands put into

concentration camps; concentration camps; starved, died of diseasestarved, died of disease

– GuerillasGuerillas often rely on locals often rely on locals– Many Americans sympathized Many Americans sympathized

with rebelswith rebels

Yellow PressYellow Press– Hearst & Pulitzer Hearst & Pulitzer printed printed

sensational and inflammatory sensational and inflammatory stories to sell papersstories to sell papers

– Led to widespread anti-Led to widespread anti-Spanish feelingSpanish feeling; jingoism ; jingoism – – strong U.S. nationalismstrong U.S. nationalism

War cont.War cont.

McKinley sends the McKinley sends the USS MaineUSS Maine to to protect Americans in Cubaprotect Americans in Cuba– Ship blows up – Spain blamed but no Ship blows up – Spain blamed but no

proof; enragedproof; enraged– 266 Americans died266 Americans died– http://www.history.com/videos/mckinley-http://www.history.com/videos/mckinley-

faces-war-assassinationfaces-war-assassination

Spanish American War cont.Spanish American War cont.George Dewey George Dewey sends U.S. sends U.S. navy into Manila Bay navy into Manila Bay (Philippines)(Philippines)Crushes navy easilyCrushes navy easilyEmilio Aguinaldo Emilio Aguinaldo – Filipino – Filipino nationalist also fighting nationalist also fighting SpanishSpanishU.S. forces win in CubaU.S. forces win in CubaTeddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough RidersRiders” storm San Juan Hill” storm San Juan Hillhttp://www.history.com/videos/http://www.history.com/videos/roosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-warroosevelt-fights-in-spanish-american-war

War is over – “splendid little War is over – “splendid little war”war”3,000 casualties but most 3,000 casualties but most from malaria, yellow feverfrom malaria, yellow fever

Turning Point for AmericaTurning Point for AmericaAmericans debate our Americans debate our role in Cuba & role in Cuba & PhilippinesPhilippines

Do we remain as an Do we remain as an imperialist nation or imperialist nation or let them govern let them govern themselves?themselves?

Treaty of Paris Treaty of Paris debateddebated

Election of 1900 – Election of 1900 – McKinley McKinley runs with runs with war hero Teddy war hero Teddy RooseveltRoosevelt

Wins electionWins election

Establishes America’s Establishes America’s rolerole

Would govern new Would govern new countriescountries

Turning point for U.S. Turning point for U.S. as a world poweras a world power

3. U.S. Gains After the War3. U.S. Gains After the WarThe PhilippinesThe Philippines– ““Unfit for self-Unfit for self-

government”government”– U.S.- Filipino WarU.S.- Filipino War– Filipinos fought Filipinos fought

fiercelyfiercelyGuerilla warGuerilla war

200,000 died200,000 died

5,000 Americans5,000 Americans

Brutal treatment of Brutal treatment of Filipino peopleFilipino people

American Imperialism cont.American Imperialism cont.Interests in ChinaInterests in China““Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence” ” – GB, France, Russia, – GB, France, Russia, GermanyGermanyJohn Jay opens door to John Jay opens door to U.S. tradeU.S. tradeBoxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion – – Chinese resistance to Chinese resistance to foreignersforeigners– Uprising killed Uprising killed

foreignersforeigners– Eventually put down by Eventually put down by

international forceinternational force

Open Door PolicyOpen Door PolicyStated we didn’t want Stated we didn’t want Chinese territory, just Chinese territory, just tradetradeRoosevelt negotiates Roosevelt negotiates end to end to Russo Japanese Russo Japanese War War & gains prestige & gains prestige (Nobel Prize)(Nobel Prize)Sends out the Sends out the “Great “Great White Fleet” White Fleet” – U.S. – U.S. navy to showcase our navy to showcase our navy (intimidate?)navy (intimidate?)

4. U.S. and Latin America4. U.S. and Latin AmericaPuerto Rico – could Puerto Rico – could enjoy some citizenship enjoy some citizenship rightsrights

Cuba – Cuba – Platt Platt AmendmentAmendment– U.S. could intervene in U.S. could intervene in

CubaCuba– Trade only with U.S.Trade only with U.S.– Upset many CubansUpset many Cubans

Roosevelt’s Roosevelt’s Big Stick Big Stick DiplomacyDiplomacy

““Speak softly but carry a Speak softly but carry a big stick”big stick”

Imperialistic view Imperialistic view of the of the worldworld

Moral responsibility to Moral responsibility to “civilize” or protect weak “civilize” or protect weak nationsnations

““White Man’s Burden”White Man’s Burden”

http://www.history.com/http://www.history.com/videos/theodore-videos/theodore-roosevelts-acts-and-legacyroosevelts-acts-and-legacy

RooseveltRoosevelt

Panama CanalPanama Canal

Building a CanalBuilding a Canal– France attempts/failsFrance attempts/fails– Panama controlled by ColumbiaPanama controlled by Columbia– Roosevelt sends ships to support Roosevelt sends ships to support

“Liberation” of Panama“Liberation” of Panama– Independence from Columbia; Independence from Columbia;

now could build a canalnow could build a canal– http://www.history.com/videos/http://www.history.com/videos/

guts--bolts-panama-canal---locksguts--bolts-panama-canal---locks– http://www.history.com/videos/http://www.history.com/videos/

guts--bolts-panama-canal---guts--bolts-panama-canal---locomotiveslocomotives

– Roosevelt Corollary (to Monroe Roosevelt Corollary (to Monroe Doctrine) Doctrine) – U.S. would be police – U.S. would be police power to protect Latin Americapower to protect Latin America

Taft and Dollar DiplomacyTaft and Dollar Diplomacy““Substituting dollars for Substituting dollars for bullets”bullets”Rely less on big stick Rely less on big stick diplomacydiplomacyInvestments in Latin Investments in Latin AmericaAmericaIntervened in DR, Haiti, Intervened in DR, Haiti, Mexico, to prop up friendly Mexico, to prop up friendly govts.govts.Many Latin Americans Many Latin Americans disliked U.S. involvementdisliked U.S. involvementWilson’s Wilson’s “moral “moral diplomacydiplomacy””– Pursue foreign relations Pursue foreign relations

without aggressionwithout aggression– Did send troops to several Did send troops to several

areas thoughareas though

U.S. Territories TodayU.S. Territories Today

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico– U.S. citizensU.S. citizens– No voting rightsNo voting rights– Subject to military service & federal Subject to military service & federal

lawslaws– No federal income taxNo federal income tax– Have voted in favor of status w/U.S. but Have voted in favor of status w/U.S. but

there is an independence movementthere is an independence movement

U.S. TerritoriesU.S. Territories

GuamGuam– U.S. citizens U.S. citizens – Representatives in U.S. Congress but Representatives in U.S. Congress but

they are nonvotingthey are nonvoting– No voting in presidential electionsNo voting in presidential elections– U.S. navy occupies 1/3 of the islandU.S. navy occupies 1/3 of the island

U.S. TerritoriesU.S. TerritoriesU.S. Virgin IslandsU.S. Virgin Islands

American SamoaAmerican Samoa

Mariana IslandsMariana Islands

Midway IslandsMidway Islands

Wake IslandWake Island

Johnston AtollJohnston Atoll

Baker, Howland, Jarvis IslandsBaker, Howland, Jarvis Islands

Kingman ReefKingman Reef

Navassa IslandNavassa Island

Palmyra Atoll – Great book Palmyra Atoll – Great book And the Sea Will TellAnd the Sea Will Tell, by Vincent , by Vincent Bugliosi (Manson writer); double murder on the islandBugliosi (Manson writer); double murder on the island