18.1 imperialism and america 1. global competition 2. desire for military strength imperialism- the...
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18.1 Imperialism and America
1. Global competition
2. Desire for military strength
Imperialism- the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories
Americans believed in imperialism with the idea of manifest destiny.
3 factors fueled American imperialism– desire for military strength– thirst for new markets– belief in cultural superiority
Other countries started to build up their military so the US followed suit
Built up the US navy in 7yrs to become the 3rd largest in the world
13A
US NAVY
Great White Fleet’s Route
3. Thirst for new markets
4. Belief in cultural superiority
5. Cry for annexation
US was overproducing certain goods so they looked to other countries for trade
US believed in Social Darwinism - belief in a cultural, racial, and religious superiority over weaker countries
Hawaii produced the main sugar supply for the US in 1875 b/c it was duty (tax) free
McKinley Tariff of 1890 revoked the duty free status of Hawaii which meant Hawaii now faced competition in the US market
US then pressured Hawaii to build a naval base at Pearl Harbor
6A
6. End of a monarchy US ambassador overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and setup a govt. run by Senator Dole
President Cleveland recognized the republic of Hawaii but refused annexation unless a majority of Hawaiians wanted it
1898 congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory
18.2 The Spanish-American War
7. American interest in Cuba
8. Propaganda Journalism
1854 President Franklin Pierce tried to buy Cuba from Spain, but they refused
US helped Cuba to fight for freedom from Spain in the 1890s
Yellow journalism – style of propaganda that American journalist used to show the brutality of the Spanish to Cubans.
8A / 7D
Yellow Journalism
9. The De Lome letter
10. USS Maine explodes
11. War in the Philippines
De Lome letter criticized the American president and made more Americans sympathize with the Cubans
Ship blew up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba
260 men killedNo one knows why the ship explodedNewspapers claimed that the Spanish
blew up the ship
1st battle of the Spanish-American War was fought on the Philippine Islands
George Dewey with American troops and Filipino rebels fought for the independence of the Philippines
Spain surrendered
12. The war in the Caribbean
13. Rough Riders
14. Treaty of Paris
15. Debate over treaty
US placed a blockade on CubaUS army was weak
Rough Riders – Volunteer cavalry under the command of Teddy Roosevelt
Battle of San Juan Hill – famous victory of Roosevelt’s Rough Riders which led to the American victory in Cuba
US + Spain signed an armisticeTreaty of Paris – Spain freed Cuba and
turned over Guam + Puerto Rico to the US
Spain also sold the Philippines to the US for 20 million
Debate over if the US had the right to annex the Philippines
1899 - Congress approved the annexation of the Philippines
2D / 8D
Rough Riders
18.3 Acquiring New Lands
16. Return to civil govt.
17. American control of Cuba
Foraker act- ended military rule in Puerto Rico and set up a civil govt.
Act gave power to the US presidents to appoint governors and members of the upper house
Gave the right for Puerto Ricans to be US citizens
US gained a share of control in Cuba, but did not govern it as a colony
- Teller Amendment: prohibited annexation of Cuba
US provided food, clothing, gave people land, and organized schools
18. Platt Amendment
19. Philippine-American war
20. Aftermath of the war
Cuba wrote its own constitutionSince they did not specify a
relationship with the US, the US added the Platt amendment
– Cuba could not make treaties that limited its independence
– Cuba was not to go into debt– US could buy or lease land for naval
stations (Guantanamo Bay)Cuba was a US Protectorate- a country
whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power
Filipinos rose up against the USUS had harsh control over the Island
and killed many Filipinos
Set up a govt. similar to that in Puerto Rico
Philippines would eventually become an independent republic
4D
21. John Hay’s open door notes
22. Boxer rebellion in China
23. Why America fought in China
Letters addressed to the leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the nations share their trading rights with the US
No single nation would have a monopolyCreated an open door policy with China
Europeans dominate China’s tradeBoxers were anti-Christian and anti-
EuropeanArmy of foreign troops (including US
troops) fought against and ended the rebellion
US pledged to protect Chinese tradeUS was dependent on exportsUS had a right to intervene abroad to keep
foreign market openThey feared that the closing of an area to
American products, citizens, or ideas could threatened the economy
3A
18.4 America as a World Power
24. Roosevelt the peacemaker
25. Panama Canal
Roosevelt helped negotiate the peace treaty in the Russo-Japanese War
Won the Nobel Peace Prize
US needed a canal that cut across Central America
US had to get permission from Colombia who ruled Panama
This resulted in a Panamanian rebellion against Columbia
11A
Roosevelt in Latin America
26. Constructing the canal
27. Roosevelt Corollary
28. Dollar Diplomacy
29. Moral Diplomacy (Missionary Diplomacy)
Cost 380 million dollars (billions today)Took ten years to build the canal
Roosevelt Corollary- US would use force to protect its economic interest in Latin America from European nations
Big Stick Diplomacy - willing to use military force
Was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
Using the US govt. to guarantee loans made to foreign countries by American business (Taft)
Moral obligation- US was to promote moral progress in world. (Wilson)