anatomy & physiology-intro

7/28/2019 Anatomy & Physiology-Intro

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ANATOMY &

PHYSIOLOGY

MR LEONG WENG TUCK

JAB. PENDIDIKAN JASMANI & KESIHATAN

INSTITUT PERGURUAN DARULAMAN


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SCIENCES OF ANATOMY &

PHYSIOLOGY

ANATOMY

The study of internal and external structure

and the Physical relationships between body

parts

PHYSIOLOGY

The study of how living organisms perform

their vital functions.


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LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION


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THE ORGAN SYSTEM

THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM


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THE ORGAN SYSTEM

THE SKELETAL SYSTEM


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THE ORGAN SYSTEM

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM


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THE ORGAN SYSTEM

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM


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THE ORGAN SYSTEM

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM


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THE ORGAN SYSTEM

THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM


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THE ORGAN SYSTEM

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM


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THE ORGAN SYSTEM

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM


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THE ORGAN SYSTEM

THE URINARY SYSTEM


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THE ORGAN SYSTEMS are

Interdependent

Interconnected and

Packaged together

- In relatively small space and shared their

environment.

- All living cells are in contact with blood or some

other fluids that surround them and any changesin the composition of these fluids will affect them

in some ways


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HOMEOSTASIS REGULATION

HOMEO + STASIS = HOMEOSTASIS HOMEOSTASIS

The existence of a stable internal

environment.

Homeostatic regulation Adjustments in

physiological system that preserve

homeostasis. It involves

A receptor

A control center

An effector


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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Regardless of whether the input at thereceptor rises or falls a variation outside

normal limits triggers an automatic response

that correct the situation

This method of homeostatic regulation is

called NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Most homeostatic mechanisms in the body

involve Negative Feedback


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NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION


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POSITIVE FEEDBACK

In Positive Feedback the initial stimulusproduces a response that reinforces the

stimulus

In the body, positive feedback usuallyinvolved in the regulation of dangerous or

stressful process that must be completed

quickly.

Example are severe cut, labor and delivery.


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POSITIVE FEEDBACK

SEVERE CUT - CLOTTING


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LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

ANATOMICAL POSITION :A position whereby a human being stands

straight, head facing the front, legs close

together with toe pointing to the front, hands

at the sides with the palms facing forward.

A person lying down in the anatomical

position with face up is said to be

SUPINE

While a person lying down with face

down is said to be PRONE


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ANATOMICAL DIRECTION


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SECTIONAL ANATOMY


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SECTIONAL ANATOMY

TRANSVERSE OR HORIZONTAL PLANE : A Plane going through the body at right angles to the long

axis dividing it into superior (upper) and Inferior (lower)

sections

FRONTAL PLANE OR CORONAL PLANE :

A plane going through the body parallels to the long axis

dividing the body into anterior (front) posterior (back)

SAGITTAL PLANE :

A plane going through the body parallels to the long axis

dividing the body into left and right section


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BODY CAVITIES

Body cavities have 2 essential functions

Protect delicate organs

Permit significant changes in size and shape of

visceral organs

Two body cavities form during embryonicdevelopment

Dorsal Body Cavity brain & Spinal Cord

Ventral Body Cavity respiratory, cardiovascular,digestive, urinary and reproductive organs


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DORSAL BODY CAVIITY

A fluid-filled space Established by the Cranium & Spinal

Vertebrae

Cranium consists of the bones of the skull The Dorsal Cavity is subdivided into the

Cranial Cavity

Spinal Cavity


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VENTRAL BODY CAVITIES

The Diaphragm a flat muscular sheet

divides the ventral body cavity into

The Superior Thoracic Cavity and

The Inferior Abdominopelvic Cavity that has two

subdivisions Adominal Cavity and

Pelvic Cavity


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BODY CAVITIES


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