1. XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE MILANO 7th-8th JUNE 2013 CSGLatest Technology in Refrigeration and Air ConditioningUnder the Auspices of the PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERSSOLAR HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS:A POSITIVE CONTRIBUTE TO ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUESCASE STUDY: Innovative Solar heating and cooling system with PCM tank at service of F-92 Building ofENEA CASACCIA Research Centre (ROMA)XV EUROPEAN CONFERENCE Milan, June 7th 2013Scientific referents:Ing. Nicolandrea CalabreseIng. Francesco DAnnibaleIng. Carla MenaleIng. Paola RovellaFor info: andrea.calabrese@enea.itwww.climatizzazioneconfontirinnovabili.enea.it

2. Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningConsumption2 3. F-92 BUILDING FEATURESLatitude 4203NLongitude 1218EstClimaticZone (Italy)DArea 381 m2 mqCASE STUDY: Solar heating and cooling system at service of F-92 Building of ENEA CASACCIAResearch Centre (ROMA)Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioninghttps://maps.google.it/maps/ms?gl=it&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=103631601450429953584.00047466407d1fa933f1a 4. CASE STUDY: Innovative Solar heating and cooling system at service of F-92 building of ENEACASACCIA Research Centre (ROMA)A NETWORK OF UNDERGROUND PIPING CONNECTS THE HEATINGAND REFRIGERATION STATION TO THE BUILDINGUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 5. Heating with SunA) Solar heating:WINTER TIME: room heating is realized with radiant heating system, powered with low temperature to maximize theuse of thermal solar energy.Evacuated tubes collectors type all glass(WINTER: 40-50C)(SUMMER: 80 110C)Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 6. Heating with the Sunusing radiant heating systemA) Solar heating:The highest pavimenttemperature depends onenviroment kind:Range Tmandata panels: 40 50 CDtmaximum panelss track: 20CUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 7. Main systems Components:A) Solar heating:Evacuated tube solar collectors:Technical Data:-Single collector gross area = 3,75 [m2];-Solar field gross area = 56 [m2];-Thermal Power 25 [kWth].Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 8. A) Solar heating: SYSTEM LAYOUT, during the research activity we analyze the different energy cotributionsFE01FE07FE03FE02Solar fieldHot tankGas boilerRequest of Energyfrom buildingWINTER WORKINGIN BUILDINGTHERMAL CENTRALUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 9. Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012A) Solar heating:GAS BOILERSOLAR FIELDEnergy contributionEnergy contribution of Integration Gas Boiler and Solar Field09-29 February 2012 01-31 March 2012 01-15 April 2012kWh IntegrationGas BoilerkWh UsefulSolar FieldUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 10. Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012A) Solar heating:09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012SOLAR FRACTIONINTEGRATION GAS BOILER: 3.628,0 kWhSOLAR FIELD: 4.532,0 kWh09-29 February 2012 01-31 March 2012 01-15 April 2012Monitoring Thermal Solar CollectorsSolar radiation incident on the solar field [kWh]Energy Produced by Solar field and used (FE01) [kWh]Energy produced by the solar field and dissipated by Dry coolerUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningEnergy dissipated 11. Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningAt the end of our research activity about solar heating andcooling system for WINTER season we obtained that the energyrequired to heat F-92 building was provided for:- 56 % by solar energy- 44 % by gas boiler (methane gas)These results were obtained ensuring COMFORT conditions intothe building.Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012 12. A) Solar heating: obtained indoor environmental temperatureWinter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012SET POINT9 - 17 February 2012:Fixed environmentsetpointTmin = 19CTmax = 21C19 February - 15 April2012:Fixed environmentsetpointTmin = 18CTmax = 20CNote: set TA01Tmin = 14CTmax = 16CEnvironment Temperatures [C]9 - 17 February 2012 Working System CONTINUE19 February 2012 - 15 April 2012: Working System DISCONTINUOUS (from 7.00 am to 17.00 pm)Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning[Monitorings Day]Environment Temperatures [C] 13. A) Solar heating: Comparision between February 2012 and February 2013GAS BOILEREnergy contribution9 - 17 February 2012 Working System CONTINUE19 February 2012 29 February 2012: Working SystemDISCONTINUOUS (from 7.00 am to 17.00 pm)February 2012 February 20131975 kWh(46,5%)2275 kWh(53,5%)Energy contribution01-28 February 2013 : Working System DISCONTINUOUS(from 7.00 am to 17.00 pm)GAS BOILERSOLAR FIELDSOLAR FIELD10 - 12 February 2013:Solar collectors NOTcovered by snow10 - 12 February 2012:Solar collectors coveredby snowUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningSOLARFRACTION 14. Winter Monitoring Data: 09 FEBRUARY 15 APRIL 2012A) Solar heating:There is DissipatedEnergy.BUT INTEGRATIONGAS BOILER IS USED!!It would be necessary anaccumulation tank for thermalenergy, DURING WINTERPERIOD, with a biggercapacity (experimentalanalisys 2012 year withsensible Accumulation tank ofC=1.500 liters)NEW GENERATIONACCUMULATION SYSTEM:PCMUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 15. PCM (Phase Change Material) Accumulation tank to reduce dissipated energy:Sensible water accumulation of 3500 lkJ730005187.43500outinlwatersens TTcmEkJ69000533130,tubeslattubeslat cNELatent PCM Accumulation(PCM S46 TubeICE) of 1000 lHYDRATED SALTS OFS89-S7 SERIES placedin sealed tubesCold WaterHot WaterSolar FieldControlUnitGasBoilerHotWaterTankUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 16. PCM (Phase Change Material) Accumulation tankUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningUNIVERSITA DI PADOVADipartimento di Tecnica eGestionedei sistemi industriali 17. PCM (Phase Change Material) Accumulation tank to reduce dissipated energy:CHARGE PHASE DISCHARGE PHASESensibleSensibleSensibleLatentTemperature ofthe phase changeSensibleSensibleSensibleLatentTemperature ofthe phase changeUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 18. TRADITIONAL TANKUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningTE07TE08TE07TE08C = 1500 litres C = 1000 litresPCM TANKComparison Traditional Tank (ONLY WATER) - PCM Tank (HYDRATED SALTS) 19. Comparison Traditional Tank C=1500 litres - PCM Tank C=1000 litresUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningDays of April 2012 and Aprile 2013 (more comparable than days of March because days of April 2012 and days ofApril 2013 have medium temperatures more similar than March 2012 and March 2013) have an index FE07/GGmore similar than those of March, respectively 19 kWh/GG and 24 kWh/GG.If we considere tank contribute to F92 building heating (TANK_TO_LOAD) we obtain a higher value for 2013 equalto 16 kWh / GG compared to 13 kWh / GG of 2012.The contribution of the accumulation to the needs of the building (TANK_TO_LOAD/FE07) was the same: 69% for2012 and 68% for 2013 (SAME SOLAR FRACTION).The percentage of utilization of solar energy (TANK_TO_LOAD/FE02) with PCM accumulation amounted to 76%compared with 64% of the accumulation standard.where: n: days number of the conventional heating period T0: environment conventional temperature Te: medium extenal daily temperatureAPRILE 2012 APRILE 2013TEMPERATURA MEDIAPERIODO13.3 14.3 [C]VOLUME ACCUMULO 1500 900 [l]TEMPERATURA INTERNAEDIFICIO20.0 22.0 [C]GG] FE07/GG 19 24 [kWh/GG]GG] TANK_TO_LOAD/GG 13 16 [kWh/GG]] FE07 1 070 1 556 [kWh]] FE03 331 503 [kWh]] FE02 1 159 1 394 [kWh]] TANK_TO_LOAD 739 1 053 [kWh]SOLAR FRACTION 69% 68% %APRIL 2012TANK VOLUMEINTERNAL BUILDINGTEMPERATUREAPRIL 2013 20. -20020406080100080910111213141516171819202122230001020304050607C-30-101030507090kWhFE02Tank_to_loadTE07TE08kWUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningSolid phase PCMFirst phase charge during the day: the tank receivesfrom 8:00 to 12:40 an energy of 56 kWhThere arent heat fluxes in orout from tankHeat accumulationdue to PCM tubesmelting20 kWh of thermal energyare picked up from thetankthe tank remainswell stratifiedLight heat input of PCM(discharge) which compensatesthe heat loss of the tankLatent heat Sensible heat 21. Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningExperimental test of a single PCM Vessel (HYDRATED SALTS)PCM vessel:De = 50 mmL = 1000 mmHYDRATED SALTS 22. PCM Test Report: EXPERIMENTAL RIGUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 23. PCM Test Report: EXPERIMENTAL RIGUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningTypical test conditions: Water velocity in the anulus: 0.2 to 0.4 m/s Inlet temperature Ti : 20 to 85 C Pressure P: 1.0 to 1.3 bar Temperature ramp gradient: 5 to 600 C/hGeometry equivalent to asubchannel in the real vesselPCM vessel:De = 50 mmL = 1000 mmTest section:Di = 60 mmL = 1000 mm 24. FAST TEMPERATURE RAMP (10C/min)Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningNo visible effect on the outputtemperature gradient aroundthe melting temperatureT=46CThe melting energy isabsorbed and released inhours and its effect can not bedistinguished from thethermal capacity of the singlephase materialSLOW TEMPERATURE RAMP (10C/h)PCM Test Report: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 25. PCM: IMPROVEMENTSUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningINCREASE OF PCM CONDUCTIVITY WITH HIGH CONDUCTIVITY FOAMS:CERAMICS, METALS OR GRAPHITEAISI 316 SiC (Silicon Carbide) 26. Solar cooling System with Absorption ChillerB) Solar cooling:Vacuum SolarCollector250 m2Cold WaterAccumulationtank 15.000 lColdWater100 kWHot Water150 kWCHILLERSOLAR COOLING system with integration gas boiler and accumulation system for hot and cold water. Idraulic scheme (doc. SYSTEMA S.p.A)SUMMER PERIOD: coincidence between cool energy request peak and period of maximum availability of solarenergy.Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 27. Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningSolar cooling System with Absorption ChillerB) Solar cooling: 28. SUMMER MONITORING:B) Solar cooling:Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 29. Main system Components:B) Solar cooling:Absorption Chiller(water lithium bromide):Technical Data:- Cooling Power =18 [kWf];- Heating Power in =25 [kWt];Accumulation tank forcold water:Technical Data:- volume 1000 [ L];Evaporative Tower:Technical Data:-Potentiality = 43 [kW](Tbu=25,6[C]; TH2O in=35[C];TH2O out=30 [C]);-Air Flow = 7.500,0 [m3/h];-Water Flow = 7.400,0 [l/h]Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 30. Electric Power Absorbed: 48 [W]Temperature [C]T Heat Medium Inlet 88T Heat Medium Outlet 83Chilled Water Inlet 12,5Chilled Water Outlet 7Cooling Water Inlet 31Cooling Water Outlet 35http://www.yazaki-airconditioning.com/fileadmin/templates/img_airconditioning/swf/080925_chiller_absorption_ani.htmlB) Solar cooling:Layout of Absorption chiller water-lithium bromideUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 31. B) Solar cooling:SYSTEM LAYOUT: during the research activity we analyze the different energy contributionsFE01FE07FE03FE02FE04 FE05FE06Required buildingCold rated outputHeat rate inputSUMMER WORKINGWater/Lithium-bromide ChillerUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 32. B) Solar cooling:Summer Monitoring Data: 01 June - 15 September 201201 JUNE 2012 - 15 SEPTEMBER 2012: Working System DISCONTINUOUS (from 9.00 am to 19.00 pm)GAS BOILERSOLAR FIELDEnergy contributionEnergy Contributution of Integration Gas Boiler and Solar Field01-30 June 2012kWh Integration Gas BoilerkWh Useful Solar Field01-31 July 2012 01-31 August 2012 01-15 September 2012Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 33. B) Solar cooling:Summer Monitoring Data: 01 June - 15 September 201201-30 June 2012Monitoring Thermal Solar Collectors01 JUNE 15 SEPTEMBER 2012SOLAR FRACTIONINTEGRATION GAS BOILER: 4.657,0 kWhSOLAR FIELD: 8.909,0 kWhSolar radiation incident on the solar field [kWh]Energy Produced by Solar field and used (FE01) [kWh]Energy produced by the solar field and dissipated by Dry cooler01-31 July 2012 01-15 September 201201-31 August 2012Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 34. Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningAt the end of our research activity about solar heating and coolingsystem for SUMMER season we obtained that the thermal energyrequired by CHILLER to conditionig F-92 building was provided for:- 66 % by solar energy- 34 % by gas boiler (methane gas)These results were obtained ensuring COMFORT conditions into thebuilding.Summer Monitoring Data: 01 JUNE 15 SEPTEMBER 2012 35. B) Solar cooling: obtained indoor environmental temperatureSummer Monitoring Data: 01 June - 15 September 2012SET POINT01 June - 15September 2012:FixedenvironmentsetpointTmin = 22C eTmax = 24CNote: TA01no controlled01 JUNE 2012 - 15SEPTEMBER 2012:Working SystemDISCONTINUOUS(from 9.00 am to19.00 pm)T external medium(09:00 19:00)03/09/2012: 24C04/09/2012: 19C05/09/2012: 24C06/09/2012: 28C07/09/2012: 29C08/09/2012: 29C09/09/2012: 28C10/09/2012: 28CT external medium(09:00 19:00)21/07/2012: 31C22/07/2012: 29C23/07/2012: 25C24/07/2012: 27C25/07/2012: 30C26/07/2012: 32CSTOP OF SYSTEMFORMAINTENANCE:21/08/201222/08/201223/08/201226/08/2012Environment Temperatures [C][Monitorings Day]Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 36. CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: BX EINSTEINOperative Data andweather conditionsManagement, Control andBack up PCServo motors electric valvesregulation Variable flow pumpsEnergy countersUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning 37. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESENTED CASE STUDYUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningONE OF THE FIVEBETTER CASE STUDY 38. Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningWITHOUT BONUSSolar heating and cooling: PAYBACK PERIODPAYBACK PERIOD RELATIVE DIFFERENT PLACES AND SYSTEM POWER 39. Use of solar and environmental heat to air conditioningWITH BONUSINTRODUCED BYD.M. del 28/12/2012Solar heating and cooling: PAYBACK PERIODPAYBACK PERIOD RELATIVE DIFFERENT PLACES AND SYSTEM POWER 40. Our research and development activities:Thanks for your attentionUse of solar and environmental heat to air conditioning