animal behavior orientation behaviours: kineses taxes
TRANSCRIPT
- Slide 1
- Animal Behavior Orientation behaviours: Kineses Taxes
- Slide 2
- Environmental Stimuli A slater retreating to a daytime crevice could be responding to the dampness, darkness or coolness. 2 Can experiment to determine which factors influence behaviour
- Slide 3
- Experiments Choice chambers offer alternative conditions Fair test - all others factors are kept the same. 3 Can test effect of temperature, light, humidity
- Slide 4
- Simple Responses - immediate surroundings Kineses and Taxes have an immediate benefit e.g. a slater moving into a damper place. 4
- Slide 5
- Taxes Movement towards or away from a stimulus 5 Negative = away Positive = towards
- Slide 6
- Taxes Snails climb vertically upwards. Negative geotaxis
- Slide 7
- Taxes Mosquitoes home in on warm flesh. Positive thermotaxis
- Slide 8
- Taxes Blowfly maggots move rapidly away from a directional light source. Negative phototaxis
- Slide 9
- Positive phototaxis Positive phototaxis = movement towards the light e.g. many swimming algae 9
- Slide 10
- Positive Chemotaxis eg male moths following a pheromone trail given off by females
- Slide 11
- Negative Phototaxis 11 Slime Mold The direction of the light source is indicated by white rectangles. e.g. earthworms
- Slide 12
- Positive chemotaxis When a capillary tube filled with glucose is placed in a medium containing E. coli, the bacteria alter their locomotion so that they congregate near the opening of the tube.E. coli 12 Mosquitoes towards people along CO 2 gradient
- Slide 13
- Positive rheotaxis Movement against a current e.g. salmon migrating upstream 13
- Slide 14
- Kinesis Animals have specific needs (eg food, humidity) No information about the location of resource? Undirected search Kinesis = random movement due to the presence of a stimulus. The rate of activity is determined by the intensity of the stimulus not the direction 14
- Slide 15
- Search methods Undirected search: animal moves in a more or less straight line through unsuitable habitat. Directed search: when it begins to perceive better conditions (the blue area) it slows down and turns sharper angles to stay in the vicinity of the improved conditions. 15
- Slide 16
- 16 stimulus random movements to get away slow down as animal gets further away
- Slide 17
- 17 stimulus ALTERNATIVELY animal moves directly away in a straight line
- Slide 18
- Hydrokinesis Orthokinesis Orthokinesis = stimulus intensity determines speed e.g. slaters rate of movement is inversely proportional to the humidity
- Slide 19
- Thermokinesis Klinokinesis Klinokinesis = stimulus intensity determines rate of turning eg lice turn less often at 30 - straight line. Human skin temp is about 35 lice more likely to linger at 35. Human body louse 35 o 30 o Orthokinesis and klinokinesis movies