animal tissues
DESCRIPTION
Life Science, TissuesTRANSCRIPT
Tissues Groups of cells with common structure and
function.
Cells
Tissues
Organ
Organ systems
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Categories of Tissues
• Epithelium
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous
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Epithelial Tissue Tightly-joined closely-packed cells.
One side of epithelium exposed to air or internal fluid, other side attached to a basement membrane
Covers the outside of the body and lines the internal organs and cavities.
Barrier against mechanical injury, invasive microorganisms, and fluid loss.
Provides surface for absorption, excretion and transport of molecules.
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Simple Squamous– Lining of lungs, blood vessels, urinary
Stratified Squamous– Protection – lining of esophagus, vagina,
mouth, skin
Cuboidal Epithelium– Kidney tubules– Duct and small glands– Surface of ovary
Cuboidal
cell
in s
imple
epitheliu
m
Columnar Epithelium Elongated cells, much longer
than they are wide. Simple Columnar Epithelium Pseudo stratified ciliated
columnar epithelium Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar -
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Types of Epithelial
TissueCell shapeSquamousCuboidalColumnar
Number of cell layersSimplePseudostratifiedColumnar
Squamous epithelium is flattened cells. Cuboidal epithelium is cube-shaped cells. Columnar epithelium consists of elongated cells.
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
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Types of Epithelial
TissueSquamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Apical surface
Basal surface
Apical surface
Basal surface
Simple
Stratified
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Connective Tissue Characterized by the cells widely separated from each
other in a matrix that is produced by the cells. Tissue protects and supports. Cell Matrix composed of two regions
– Ground• Liquid (sol), Gel, Gum or solid
– Fibers• Non-elastic (White or Collagen)• Elastic (Yellow fibers)
Types of Connective Tissue
A. Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue
B. AdiposeC. Blood
D. Fibrous Connective TissueE. CartilageF. Bone
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Loose Connective
Tissue Contain fibers and fibroblasts
Fibroblasts produce and secrete the fibers.
Loosely arranged in a semi fluid substance.
Acts as the framework for epithelium.
Forms a protective layer over muscle, nerves, and blood vessels.
Elastic Fibers
Collagen Fibers
Fibroblast nuclei
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Adipose Tissue Adipose cells contain a large vacuole which in the
live cell contains lipids. Cell nucleus and cytoplasm are pushed out to
edge of cell membrane. Adipose tissue has enlarged fibroblasts storing fats
and reduced intracellular matrix. Adipose tissue facilitates energy storage and
insulation.
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Blood connective
tissue Red blood cells (erythrocytes) carry oxygen. White blood cells (leukocytes) function in the immune
system. Plasma transports dissolved glucose, wastes, carbon
dioxide and hormones, as well as regulating the water balance for the blood cells.
Platelets are cell fragments that function in blood clotting.
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Blood vessel
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets
Blood connective
tissue
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Fibrous Connective
Tissue Many fibers of collagen occurs in Tendons, connect muscle to bone. Ligaments connect bone to bone at a joint. Contains elastic fibers that allow movement at
joints
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Cartilage Tissue• Cells are called chondrocytes.
• Cells lie in small chambers called lacunae, separated by a matrix.
• Also called hyaline cartilage.• Hyaline Cartilage – nose, trachea, ends of bones
Chondrocytes Matrix
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Solid connective tissue Ground of matrix is Solid.
Has blood supply and nerves running through the Haversian canal systems.
Bone has calcium salts in the matrix, giving it greater strength.
Bone also serves as a reservoir (or sink) for calcium.
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Muscle Tissue Composed of cells that contract when stimulated Helps move the body and specific body parts Skeletal, cardiac, smooth Muscle fibers are multinucleated, with the nuclei located
just under the plasma membrane. Most of the cell is occupied by striated, thread-like
myofibrils.
Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac MuscleNM Spirit
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Skeletal (striated) Muscle These cells function in conjunction with the skeletal
system for voluntary muscle movements. Located in muscles that attach to bones. Long, cylindrical cells are striated. Cells are bundled closely together in parallel arrays.
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Smooth Muscle These cells function in involuntary movements and/or
autonomic responses (such as breathing, secretion, ejaculation, birth, and certain reflexes).
Spindle shaped cells that form masses. These fibers are components of structures in the
digestive system, reproductive tract, and blood vessels.
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Cardiac Muscle A type of striated muscle found only in the heart. The cell has a bifurcated (or forked) shape, usually with
the nucleus near the center of the cell. The cells are usually connected to each other by
intercalated disks.
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Nervous Tissue Dendrites receive
information from another cell and transmit the message to the cell body.
The cell body contains the nucleus, mitochondria and other organelles typical of eukaryotic cells.
The axon conducts messages away from the cell body.
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Tissue Type Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve
Cell ShapeFlattened, cuboidal, columnar
Irregular or round Elongated
Cell appendages
branched
Cell Arrangement
Single multilayered
Scattered in matrix
In sheets or bundles
Isolated or networked
LocationBody covering or lining organs
or cavities
Supports other organs
Lining internal organs, make
skeletal muscles
Concentrated in brain and spinal cord + all over the
body
Surface Feature of Cells Cilia, microvilli - - -
Matrix Type Basement membrane
Varied – protein fibers
+ liquid, gelatinous,
firm to calcified
- -
Matrix Amount Minimal Extensive Absent Absent
Unique FeatureNo direct blood supply, except
for glands
Cartilage has no blood supply
Can generate electrical
signals, force and movement
Can generate electrical
signal
The End
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