annual report of the colonies, kenya, 1925

FE0

COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL;

No. .1881.

LONY & PROTECTORATE OF KENYA.

REPORT FOR 1925. Reports for 1923 and J924 see Not. 1227 and 1282, respectively

{Price 1$. each).]

LONDON: AND PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE

ased directly irom H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addrcMeai tral House, Kingaway, London, W.C.z j iao» George Street, Edinburgh}

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INDEX.

I. GEOGRAPHICAL NOTK

I I .—GENERAL OBSBRVATXONC • *

Measures for the Improvement of Native Conditions

Public Health

Vital Statistics

Migration

I I I .—GOVERNMENT FINANCE

IV .—TRADE A N D AGRICULTURE

Imports

E x e r t s

Agriculture

V.—LAND

Mines

Forests

VI.—LEGISLATION

VII,—EDUCATION

VIII.—COMMUNICATIONS

Railways and Marine

Shipping

Roads

Posts and Telegraphs

XiX«~^CLXMATK . > • %

APPENDIX I.—Principal Domestic Exports

APPENDIX I I .—Exports of Native Origin

No. 1321

EPORT ON THE COLONY AND PROTECTORATE OF KENYA FOR THE YEAR 1925.*

I. Geographical Note. On 29th June, 1925, in pursuance of a treaty between the

lited Kingdom and Italy signed at London on 15th July, 1924, e Province of Jubaland, an area of 36,740 square miles, was ded to Italy, The area of the Colony and Protectorate was ereby reduced from 245,060 to 208,320 square miles. During e latter half of the year, the new boundary between British A Italian territory was under demarcation by a Boundary mmissior?.

n. General Observations, [I On 10th February, Sir Robert Thorne Coryndon, K.C.M.G., to had been Governor and Commander-in-Chief since 1st fctember, 1922, died in Nairobi. Mr. E. B. Denham, C.M.G., led as Governor until the arrival of Lieutenant-Colonel Sir |W. M. Grigg, K.CV.O., C.M.G., D.S.O., M.C, who landed at lindini on 2nd October and assumed the administration of I Government in Nairobi on the following day.

I Sir William Northrup McMillan, K t , Elected Member of the jgislative CouncU for Ukamba, died at Nice on 22nd March. • 27th April, the Honourable Reginald Berkeley Cole, Elected •mher of the Legislative Council for Kenya, died at Narro Iru, West Kenya.

•The Indian Community in Kenya withdrew from the policy •urn-co-operation at the end of 1924. On 3rd April, Mr. V. v. ladke was appointed a Member of the Executive Council; and 1 Nominated Indian Members took their seats on the Legislative Imcil at the August Session.

I By Additional Royal Instructions dated the 28th of December, 15, the constitution of the Executive Council was altered, the lector of Agriculture and the Director of Education being ftointed ex-officio Members. At the same time the Director •Education became an ex-officio Member of the Legislative •nci!. The Instructions provided that there should be five iian Elected Members but that until these had been elected mt should be five Nominated Indian Unofficial Members.

i

id

Midi Iftiyal tHf»limvwes till? IMltw uttrl IMirhrs* of Y' arrived Itt Kelly;! Hi IJcroUtbeh and ^ t l t slfc Weeb <>f

HtHUlilg expedition In the twHlbertM* df Mimut Kenya.

ijio.Uitst Africa C o t n m M o u , #hi rh \ i^ftotl Kttiva in Mmm? her, htti, i t e m e d life Wrpwi* itt A|*H!; iffc&.

Commission was im^vrssed with tftf* need .Mr ^ oM»poirtUon and mvdmtandittft. \\M oflly behveeti 'die ft Adnmv>tt'j*tii>ns but between uYvMttef&J residents \\\ the tTrrinv* as well. lr\ Oetober the fivAt etmfeVence of drleptt'f* of n.u«»fiit:jii1 Kuropean amnnnnilies irt the Kasi AWoati' to iTi im was \w)il a t KniiRwe Mission, nent Tnkfiyti, Tftttganyikft TerrV> under iho niairirmnr.hip of Lord IVLWere. IVlogatcv f Kenya, Taiiânyika. N\asal?md and Northern Rhodesia m payout at th&t Conference

Arrangements were put in hand to'ivmvls the end of the v* for holdim.; (he first Conference of K M African G o v e r n s Nairobi ii\ l u u m r w 19*2(1

The y« ar has been marked b y a recognition of the .erowj .ntporUmv ot extending educational and medical sendees thn»« out the 1 Y»!ouy The Pstunatos Mr I f W * reflect the effort*. ;* made U\ moot future requirements in these directions F adoption of proposals for erecting hospitals, sehools and buildings om ot lean hmds has greatly increased the -po^M of naaking pro&tvss in establishing such services on a sat isfuetory fooling.

The Co!onv has during the course of the year main ly ^tcadv pTOL'i\>s, as b indiea* ^ bv the aeru altwrd, trade railway n turns In errtain parts ot the Colony there w.i: ^hoviae* ot rainfall and its distribution was unusual, but in at pa; -ts. i \ rnev : !a ih the I 'asm Coshn Plateau and Trans \?

i ' .Mrs, ee«;ubined wuh the extension of the railway s \ M h a w promo? eu remarkable development,

Rmidiu,;; was tvgun in Nairobi for the Municipal Yt housing Sehomc. Progress was continued by the Uganda Kail •for tlu* prevision of sanitary housing tor the native stall over whole extent ot the, line.

The "Mombasa Town Dunning Scheme approached compiKl Ah. V Wal ton bnneson, an e x ^ r t from Sotuh A trie. | emp]oye<i to ad\i<e on the Mombas<i Scheme and on IHK town planning for NVitmbi.

TVie tôionv rtvei%ed a vhix towards the end of the veax Mr. H c r f x M t Bakv*jf the enunent Ardutect , whose adviv;e i*v ^ u g h t Mt n ^ a r d t o the design of a number of public htukh schook: and hospitals, whicli are to be e,rectî out of loan

RftN*A> |

Sow* weeks m i n t H$ t ! i | erssUiti of fubntond ri Inert) H^tllHirtfiM .xv.vn Hie M^mti iM flubfclf the Itefli iMHWHiig Umi ^ • i ^ t , which t h t e a M i d W HetoMH attH U m w u H i r t d . rtwhj II fe^t? f i i i i ^ f e f t d jtfme mllltnt-y fefiet* tin Rw»imvH;. ; 11$ awirms Wrte sittcessftrtJH SMltritijj frit* result HHlfWl #)IH v tW Alt 1 m * nf jlfe. t t t o effeet nf Hll^ Wptollllhtt tttt fill fill*. M b K ft$ {he Ni f tHrf hflS Bbftfl 8*i#ilHtt ftltHtt{* ijiH H.Mli^ h{ t'-yeltt1 I'M jftotHiWrf TOlHl1! n^JHfctfj #Hl i | i IIHj firf stfilijf

boon iiflt!# thlHhir.y rimiilfttalttiHuH, HifefHM (H elvll cH!iltn[ A< tJin m\ trf Hie vctff Hit* ( o J h H v b MllllHtV Mre eUih

iliiHoH in Nairobi, nttd the M i ISiiiiMWis KlHjfr* AfHfctri fcfflK

llKA$«iw$ Pott t i l l t^MfMiM. of htottVw £#Mrii#toM£i

k M ^ h r e ftjrtHH it! MiH Awihjd l ? r b M i fti ftf $0 Mv» AoHmrify AttiHtHwHtf WdltimH-e m flMf ê#* rt.fl $ j i f # ill ln> #Jfittf LWHtl miM tiMilM # e r * * ^ffrfWkiiW ffcjfflj rwted wHh p o w e H , MtibjfcM W ripfi^/Vrtl Hlil (>Mf'f$tf Hi \w*l M /tiMke by ww^1, tt$ W?f: Ut mtiitoi iifMl Mi* rmtfve t l l f e l fhnrtftfifOtff H ^ (ofttiiy tl#v# NMj \(M Hi HiM rtdvatttflgg of Hi | timi$M(* nl litttif fiiritfiimtii % f^HI'lt id t# HtetH; fjil! U)iW;Hlk HtH iM fiiil </f cottteH} KhH ft1 >M}bmflv* o f JH^tetoHv? Hm^HfM&': m imm

« r^6> f r t i ^ #### f f k # ^tniiihrfy1 ptmW; Wkf'B fttfiî m*<m*'4 in ti cHtM&f of mm eMtikj t*k)&tfrrtt.H ttti

Iimi mm? A mtivtrtwii dm&M 10 % gtrttrt tomtits t4 fH$4tt&i mwm ?Uf6it$mtt iim ft0$vw ltd t4&wt,kM httfi

\-mw*f htmi Utttii MmU kM. rfêsfaM^h^fil 6^seft«66lW »• w< <A«*i\- t& lift ihn pxpmfti (4 t M 0 ^ 4

Tap. jmtutit '8m'tv# iMix>wmf (K(\m*wA< iftifa S0/mw

$mt$ m te^mtkm *4 eh*-* ,^mm% ^ n v l n ^ 6$ i\%%tw<*& $mm )tmt fhmi t$m# Mppw^ktS i%$M bjr G ^ v ^ i t t e n ^ Urn - he >t¥Hein ra ??k^ iWv a n d i'^rlee a.mon$;$ aief^ iiwfito^ft^

fen^( j fb^JMl ^ * ^ « f ^ c (4 wlmfo i& \>6pn\a¥ a i l i n g

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(I COLOHlAli ftfelPOftl^ ANMUAt.

t He Witchcraft Ordinance, 1925; provides i greater timm of protection against: the evil practices of witchdoctors that did the Ordinances of I9($ and HUH which it repeats and. bt making provision for the deportation of thosfe convicted, pftwntj further developmentB that iWghl otherwise occur upon that return to the same ot thfclt former activitici.

A situation which has caused growing jmNiety for mary is that brought about by the continuous increase ift the number! of native-owned cattle. The general result is that the stocj lends to become more numerous than the reserves can eat? and among some tribes, notably the Akafnba, is rapidly detericd ing. To remedy this situation a Biff was drafted, desigmts the Crop Production and Live Stock Ordinance, under which \\ Governor in Council will l>e empowered to make Rules, inter.. #k for the disposal of surplus and undesirable live stock and n\ for limiting the number of stock to l>e carried on any one are

Important progress has been made in the delimitation a settlement of the boundaries of native reserves, Pfpvisi« boundaries of all native reserves were gazetted in October, and opportunity was thus given for claims and objections to he which will, when disposed of, lead to a final settlement of t question,

The steps taken to promote native agriculture are discus in Chapter IV.

The importance of planting trees is being increasingly m nised throughout native areas. It is satisfactory to he able report that in the entirely deforested Machakos Native Rese a scheme has been introduced whereby the Forest Departn re-plants several large areas and the Local Native Cow experiments with the reafforestation of numerous smaller ai scattered through the Reserve. This has eliminated na) opposition in that district to the o p e r a t i c of the Forest De$ meat and will be of great educative value to the Native Gouj

PUBLIC HEALTH. |

At the end oi January smallpox broke out in Iftomlj infection being introduced undoubtedly from India. Subsequei the disease appeared in the Teiia Hills and in Kikuyu. \tk 239 cases came under observation, The position was at one 1 very disquieting. A special staff consisting of medical otft nursing sisters and sanitary inspectors was detached from | ordinary duties in order to cope with the outbreak: Laboratory was called upon for a very large increase of vad lymph, all of which proved of very satisfactory quality. l)« the months January to April 260,000 dosss of lymph | supplied, more than seven times the ordinary amount, 352,486 vaccinations were performed during the year. I n | to carry out vaccination on a large scale a--mobile vaccina

1

v.mi under the charge of A.European s&rtihuv overseer Wrts Lnhlished With a native ex M r O of tin* Kings Africrttt M b i in suh charge and four native vaccinators. A special drill was Revised, f l i team Was equipped With it bbx-bbdy car M f^pb?if l | m\ the necessary tables tthti basins, |t% i b successful rim tin* rxperimettf prow that the tetitti Will b6 lUftiHiaiHcd iiHf.l| pater part of (hi population of tfih ebUHirv l i l l be^it rendered inumnfc

Plngue was fepbrbd frotn RnvltoHdu, the Kikrivtf Province inri thn Naivashtt District, fn Rikuyti l l$ area ihvHlved vhts same exiensive than lit previous years, (i is pftibttblt* that li lanje Numbct of deaths ofceuried hilt i( Is fttipbsslWfi fd give jmm approximate figures; n i l usual rotitiftf* atttl pirtgue measures ere rontimittl iti all districts:

VttAt; StAf f*tft\«i. A census of tlie jtbfi-native pbpiihtfJofi fakeit iti !*ebHafy,

\{fMi Mo census has yef \MH hikefl of t\W native phpitMibh. mirly accurate count is fh&d** yearly ft# taxrttioff putpbsbs

M the nuttiite of children cnii only be estimated wttghw tki* allowing figures sho«# fhfc 192 f htiti 192$ eensus returns (tit [on-native* and the estimates of native papiiMiiM af iht id of 1920 and 192S.

Ifrif Utiti tmmht:. Cntstt* Ceitstte. Pet CeftL

§0i vim ;#r mropeans [suoics (excluding Arabs) fobs . , ' '

Ifwan* (estimates) , <

t o t a l . . iMB^m! tm^m

Figures for bnrth*> deaths and marriages among Kuropeato Jtriacf 1925* are not yet a variable. In1 Nfairobr, 10$ births were feistered dwm§ the year as compared wit*h 9 # m 192$\ Twenty* jar deaths occurred « ^ Europeans in* Xairobi.

Statistics for Nairobi*, with *S total population of 23;428! show [at the crude anwnal death-rate im lm£i was 1#*#pet* thousand1

fmg, The crude -.ftufopean*death-rate was 1<>'3:, th£ Asiatic f # I1, id the African? per thousand. The corresponding figures

1924 were, European* l$s <$,--Aaiatic l6HVand African ^Wp0 ousand-.

"The na t i ve population' hag been <tecn?a»ed to tti^r cxttttit df appmxi* tefy 135,0001 owing, t<* the cession* of) Jiib&land. F o r comparative poses the percentage increase h a t been' calculated' ort t h e asmmtptimf

rt the estimate irt 11931 ahx*'exeiudtfd jubalaruL

ft

During Hie year an attempt was made to ascertain lit* infant mortality rates among various sections of the popuiiiti^ at Risumti by menus of hoimMo house enquiry Tne %m> though small, appealed to reflect the result of th^ hnpn*v^ housing conditions provided by khs tlgtfhfll Railway Admfnwtf lion for its employees The t i f f of deaths uHd£F'bh£ year \m thousand births was 29 iti ihfc mm of Africans employed hv *V 1 eanda Railway and 118 in tlu* mm of Africans tint so employ^ while the corresponding pate* amonpf Indiana were 83 and -m respect ivelv.

MioRArrotf.

Statistics at;e kept showing the number of immigrant mn Kenya but no machinery exists for the compilation nf eorn^e^ni ing emigration 1i$mvs. The shipping rmnpanie* at the eow recently assisted the Government by providing figures showi^ the number of emigrants passing through Mombasa from Kenv \ gauda, T a n g a n y i k a and the Belgian Cong®, 1 he eomparnihv figures for these territories combined are a* follows

/ ntfnigrav($.

Europeans.. Indians (k>ans Arabs Others

1924.

4,079 7.973

890 1,044 1.871

1925;

4,951 9.540

953 1,225 2.076

% "K migrant*

1924.

A.m m 491

1,589

1 OK-

S S4 4 m

Totals . . 15,857 18,745 10 324

The figures for immigration.into.-Kenya only are : —

1924. 1925.

Europeans . . 3.412 ., 4,212 Indians 5.775- 7,m Goans •. . . /39 754 Ai*abs 970 1.1H4 Others 1,907

Totals

ft tin v a ,

i The ^mmuipbsMbft df KvWfi rlWHf § 1 Itiltr }WH W

xv\Wuh\ w the mllbWlrtf AjjuVwi

(9 months) Npwrtthita, / I f1mi j^(^i

^ t - . ^ , ] ^ ^ a t : H / t o . . . . -~ 140,-74$

i*f tfo\M\n% //MiWM»pprtyptMt<i mm Um 4 ot sptbtfiii

w&mrv mtd mm*imttimi miittt mmttt&i t&(0ij79$f> dt vW§£&

mt ? tytfl&tft irttvkfmfy f&imi iti $m fhhixte xitifkf'

br \)u\ fwyptMim W ifyirmm <4 lift4,6&t> fltoft4 tehft^S* <^ Ate?

forking mri i l h#v# l * ^ ffltotfffl, tim <xmw$ r^ifti11.4 ear ^xit^M^ r-lw eil*^««df feve^m1 j^0$j atffcf ^

222, < / i

ebt )t r h ^ ' C d i ^ ^ wMdv remain^ a*

Oi iiuv r5 ,b(^(W mw>& OMihane# 3 ^ d# )2i r | -hadi beei* e x p e n d s a« t iw cte^^ 109$^

Of-the l^penai) ^566ii*e*' a ^ ^ f f m ^

10 C O L O N I A L R E P O R T S — A N N U A L .

IV. Trade and Agriculture.

Kenya and Uganda have since 1917 formed one administrative unit for purposes of Customs/under the control of the Commissioner of Customs resident at Mombasa, and complete freedom of trade between the two territories exists ; a general uniformity of Tariffs is now observed with Tanganyika Territory also.

In March, 1925, an Official Conference met at Dar-es-Salaara with the object of securing the closest possible co-ordination in regard to Customs laws and procedure in the three territories of Kenya, Uganda, and Tanganyika Territory. Very considerable progress towards this end was made and virtually identical draft Customs Management Ordinances, suitable for enactment in the three Dependencies, have since been agreed upon, the Zanzibar Government also participating in these efforts towards coordination.

Consequent upon the cession of Jubaland to Italy, the Customs stations at Kismayu, Gobwen and Yonte were closed on 29th June, 1925, the Province thenceforward being treated as foreign territory for Customs purposes. The sea-borne trade i Jubaland in 1924 amounted to £129,767, of which £59,98 represented trade with other parts of Kenya and £69,778 \viti foreign countries.

The Customs Tariff, enacted with effect from the 1st January 1924, remained in force during the year with only minor alterations

Despite an unusual distribution and partial shortage of rainfa which adversely affected the yield of produce in certain areas, trade balance of Kenya and Uganda continued to be favourabi relative particulars being as follows:—

£ i Total Imports . . . . . . .... 12,345,379 Less value of Government Imports . . 3,717,344

Total Trade Imports (including goods imported during the year remaining in bond on 31/12/25) 8,628,(

Domestic Exports 7,821,844 Total Re-exports . . . , . , . . 1,754,309

9,576,13

Balance in favour . . . . £948,1 (or 11 per cer

The total volume of import, export and re-export ti including importations on Government account, specie, transit and transhipment traffic, was valued at £22,228,380,| against £19,085,587 in 1924, an increase of 16 per cent. Of

K E N Y A , 1925, 11

total, goods imported and cleared for home consumption represented £8,061,448, as compared with clearances v a l u e d at £6,277,907 in 1924, the value of domestic produce of the two territories exported during the year being £7,821,844, as against £6,137,009 in the previous year.

As regards the distribution of foreign trade between Kenya and Uganda respectively, a close analysis shown that foreign trade goods imported into Uganda and cleared for consumption in that territory amounted in value to £2,677,764, as compared with total clearances for home consumption for both territories valued at £8,061,448. The origin of domestic produce exported during the year was in the following proportion™Uganda £5,097,215, Kenya £2,724,629. For purposes of comparison the proportionate figures for 1924 were—Uganda £3,897,395, Kenya £2,239,614. As trade statistics are based oa the landed value at the port of importation in the case of imports, and the f.o.b. value at the port of shipment in the case of exports, the port [or both territories being Mombasa, the actual trade balances )f each country cannot be ascertained with any degree of exactitude, but it is obvious that, quite apart from the wealth lerived from export of its own produce, the Colony of Kenya eaps a very considerable benefit by the transportation through he territory of goods valued at approximately 7f million pounds terlingin respect of Uganda traffic and approximately one million ounds sterling in respect of Tanganyika Territory traffic.

The net yield of Revenue collected during 1925 was £1,192,920 id exceeded that for 1924 by £176,103. Of the total amount

[ollected, £679,726 accrued to Kenya and £513,194 to Uganda, n addition, Excise duty collected on beer brewed in the territory [mounted to £733, as against £426 in 1924.

IMPORTS.

Of the total value of trade imports the British Empire provided 99 per cent, and foreign countries 31*01 per cent., this

roportion being approximately the same as in the previous year.

Cotton Piece-goods.—The value of trade imports of cotton lece-goods of all descriptions amounted to £1,604,504, the lount of duty collected thereon being £314,402. Imports into janda were valued at £947,260, or 59 per cent, of the combined lports of this comir'xlity into K^nya and Uganda, and it is timated that fully 75 per cent, of these imports are consumed

the native population.

The cotton piece-goods market is naturally an increasingly luable one, but in comparison with the total trade imports relative importance continues to diminish, the proportion ing 1925 being 20 per cent., as against 23*6 per cent, in 1924 30 per cent, in 1923. Unbleached piece-goods show an actual

12 cotoar/ife mmmt^AitMXL

decrease in the quantity and value imported/ the reason being th\ as a direct consequence of the rapid development of the territory the native population is now purchasing goods of a wider rm$ and better quality than was the cast when grey sheeting constituted the main mtirtd of import.

M regards the countries of origin of imported cotton \nm goods of all descriptions, there was sotM falling off in the viili of goods originating in the tMited Kingdom, India and Bmm and Japan, whereas Holland and to a Urn extent Germany Havi increased thfcir tradt! irt this market;

Vehicles.- Rapid development of the territories and ttaj continued increase in and improvement of the road n\\\?m possible for wheeled transport have again resulted in abnormal] importations of vehicles of all descriptions, more particuluiv (hose propelled by motor power.

The number of motor-cars imported increased from 94$, valued at £157,903. in 1924. to 1.558. valued at £274.143, »| 1925. The United States of America and Canada continue m hfc the principal sources of supply, the United Kingdom ,\QM. securing 13 per cent, of the trade.

Motor lorry and tractor importations show a phenomena increase. Whereas only 00 were imported in 1923 and 450 iti 1924, no less than 1 ,0lK). valued at £203,950, were imported it,] 1925. 85 per cent, originated in America, the United Ringdoftj providing 8 per cent, Figures relating to the importation «j motor cycles, sidecars and trt-cars are more normal, 984 h-.vnq been imported in 1925 as against 911 in 1924. The prtncip source of supply continues to be the United Kingdom.

A further considerable advance in the importation of bitycfc took place in 1925 when 23,938 machines, valued at £IiS502t were imported as compared with 17,430, valued at £134/41 i the previous year, These are principally for the native trad the main source of supply being the United Kingdom,

Oth, —Following upon the rapid increase in the use of motq transport there has been a very considerable advance \n ^ import trade in fuel oik,

1,979,059 gallons of motor spirit valued at £157,506 ws] imported during the year, this being more than twice the ouantitj imported in 1924.

The quantity of kerosene imported amounted to l,4^8>i gallons, as compared with 1,048,546 galk»as in 1924,

Importations of heavy fuel oil increased from 5,302,494 ga&x in 1924 to 8,217.403 gallons in 1925. The bulk of this oil is mU used by the Uganda Railway or is subsequently re-exports fuel for vessels using the Port of Mombasa,

! t e prhtcipali oil complies aw IttltftesUsd IH iHl l i t t^t t l tBII rfoih into th* ttotohy, vte., the BritisR imperial Oil CrtMhaHft he Vacuum Oil Company nhd thfc A%tb teUUi (Hi Cbhifaiihy. leavv fuel oil it fmpbHed $ft httlk fttitttHft M\k\\ Mftm Oil \>mpany hnvs recently erects Ai Pnrt it lkt|$ dim U|i 1 :tt-rfttW m\ aliatbh |WF dealing WiiH bUtH IhipbttdHbiw of Rfchwdit! rttta

MdiMmry. A ftitthet sltoi iHHIhitlvd til divedhp< ikiU is i te rapid advance iti ttife valtiti of ItUpoHs of UinbHiti^ry hiring tlift yeaf ItttpbtWiBti of indiisitlrtl HitfelilttH-y dtHMmted

In vMne to £238,000 ; rtgrlHtltiirni tH&*HJft#f iHiboHs #«Ni viittifeil it rm;M. i lie total valla* bf machinery of riij d^ctlpt terns

Imported was £JftJ,28?i rtS cbltiparcd #ltlt £2HH«* In IftM. Pnmi shift-Despite thte effort*? iti Mif f dltecfloW Whifcii

ire being nmdtf to Irtcteaê tfte lohtl pfodttctiori m tbAntiiHi, tiki my merited dittilnutioti id the rjtmtiHfy and \mUo* in Mmtim food Cliffy in yet apparent, litis being due priffciofdiy to till [ropfovcffJl standard d| livtfip of a JMfgl sedlort or tbfc ftotlv&

K f t o / Med and Flout. Art \tv:miw\ acreage under Wheal rul the establishment of mMiiitMii fhnt m\)h Mv$ fM prevented n ^gme/ttatiort of the rjtmrttify of Hirtii itttpt$i$j fttfiq al af fSRMi, coming how overseas 1925, m compared vith ^.474 ewt., of * value ol //fd,7f$, frt f<M

The w<t\m of rite ttitptftied ttMimW (& foefeas*/ 14v ->Scwfv, worth £ii$0i$i btitttg impirti&i cfat'mg the yeat is eûnst 109,984 cvvt vahtedf fttfittm, imported itf f£#4. The narked of &eny# ari<1 Uganda? provide a? v&tuabM oirtl^ fdtf :he *xpwtMtM mtpim of tit* prodiicedf in flw? ndghbourin^ :errito?Yof Tanganyika41 percatf. olfh*total^(fuam-ityimport mînaiing irt th^f Territo/y

(V#; ?avot}fabk tep&tt*ti/t fM pro^res^ mad^ ii% tfea pirintm^ Im» Colony cotifirma N received', but the* production* stagd

a« not yet; been reached. $,d$f cwf of teaêr^ imported dtrrm# he -ear, as compared w?rfr 5;3&l cwt. in 1TJ #, K if h*>pe<J thai ntlie near futurempyi'mof tea the tmi AiricaU K>ependeneies' wJI ^ irawn* from the loc*uiy growjv product

^w.- ri\e local manufacture' o$ mgkif if progressing satis* aci^niv, cwf. (o^ which 5:561^ cwt?. originatai in Kernya)

x|)orred d\wing. the yea^. The/ local ôureei 6( supply are; iowmv-r; not yet! sufficiently large to satisfy th# demand in all >ar.- ot the Colony and 27,161 cwr; of sugar were imported in i9SN&

>>ut. tnicilkies' for the locate p K w l u c t i o n of* salt are being; ifiortied by Government to ûppl^ ' thedemani i fo^ <^lt^ ^lici'i i# arge i 46^16 cwt, l>eingt; impwted1 during th& year.

('tvmmL- Apart bom 'drbowitA of mbi dri-M/wl frnjp natural depor t at tdki? Mnftii&t [)m wpiift of wh\m xlntjun-'t ill v*dw« to /(14i<tt(^0, H»e rgpofH from K^ny.i nr * Mfm$f rifii / of agricultural puxluoU, ArtWrrsf* rlimaHc /oodiffofv? p-b*'^ fhr yield in f rihuii ao'as, h(t| the MM rea-ed >»?a'fM£f* Hfid^f f ob'rM Hon itfid improved methods of tigrifntilfW* hflv? mor* fl??irj <*0hTfhf bulanc/d HI Hieep^ drought, Hwrtf bein^ an I ik re t -r -/.i,d2fM(H in fhr e.due of ;»î"indt»trfd produ'K of K^nvd M ('flimdit nxpoi led during ih*' yâr. A v r y hoô proportion <?* die lot fd pfoduce f vvperiod t*; topped to Kmph'f* markets', no ! > dui.fi 84 4 2 jir-r end . bf*mft >r»d to delimit iot»<* in fhr- Hrlfhh f1 Mi pi re,

CottiHtt litis l# H&i.itt by fnf tl>6• • m w t vdouble £*>:ptyfi; (>OJWlItuting ft! iJ do<^ HO prr r^nt. of th.£ totnl dom^+if* ^pttrN of both bnVfforiest VHH.H'W cadfdN v:dn<*d at £4,(W4^!W v exported doting tho year* it* afâbvd fclS.OWl rrntft|* of a valw of ( ; U 8 9 , y » ) p^poriffl m iW4 of HiH fpmnffttf » . 8 ? « w r f n k Otigtiliited ill Kenya, (ho { |K»rt of ration seed- amoomel t.* 21,058 cwt,

( fijfffh' I he sbiirtug^ of mm lull, to Whif h alhrdon hM idre^lv been made, adversely ath cied lh« o&port of this important ervm although the deurasn in qtiBtdity $K ported wrtf mor$ ot compensated for by t!a> high p r i c e s ruling m ovef^<*t$ inwrltfts during 1&& 177,141 cwt. of * value of tW«iH!Wwwr\ jwi« l aa compared vVith 199,5U4 cwt, valued .nt i.# IttZ*

Nrîil, Produolion lifts continued to h h t c j i ^ sh!mfacloniv. 14^63iam valued at t&H,V29htiiugexported in 1925; a&eompuo? with 11,4 Hi tutw of a value ui \M 1924k T.hojro si r* littli drmbt that the .sinat iibu1 mduhtiy ib tikdy to .be of ghsat and increasing impotlatu^ to thr Colony,

Maize. - A slight increase is oetnded in the quanti ty of ttuu?/ exported, l/2U)>t)7G cwi, beiiig shipped in 1^25. us against 1»1B4,479 WM in H)24. In die ease of this commodity <)\H\ z shortage of rainfall greatly jeduced the yu-ld irom Uie aeo..^ nuder tins crop.

Hitks atid Skins*- The value of hides and iking expoio^ advanced from £253,709 in 1924 tq 4;|58,y&) m 1925 ! : sources of supply are prmeipaily t?Uo native ix^vxw*, A sd^cd^^ showing the .six principal exports of Kenya during;ho ye^r ap|n ^ m Appendix I to this report.

Hut incidence of rainiall for the year tor puxpoav^ of <^f production" was nîtLsfactory and crops in many area$>uiia^^ imm drought, particularly those, planted late i a the reason*

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ifawlv extern mmmw tfc&MtitXikM (4 iite^f

not only m flu* fact that tho vnhui of r:off**# e Kpotfed ;irvar:?a-*u nearly one Ihwl of \hti total report* ftvwt (M Colony ho t -w?

iu the fact flint forty per cent, of ihnEofop^mf: o w t i w M>,I occupier*; of laud at# wl(e# growm*.

f o(fe*t piutiUiftntm havf* now p a ^ e d fh.fofl#K f^/O riff-en'M period* of M?ricntf drought during fh# la^t fcin yerW nnd^lthv?^ (oRsrî huvc hroii imfMed frooi crop failure^ e*jH*ffafTe* seem- t*» justify the opinion t h a t any drought likely f o o w t f will no* ' penmuient loss or damaô to the* plntft Miotic- The Imhv^r • I; in a annul po.nUon and , but for Ha* tme^fbdfity In regard K» labour supplied. pMf tieularly during tlm picking ^raôil mtym ? »j>w pt'ojjic-si* would bo made in oKtmdiflK thf» mrvhftfi. w v W rhtf'

St&tL - The arreagc undo* steal has been merensf d b y { , r v ^ f a , , n

per cent. t o n o r ^ This industry te in n \\wn^w condition, Koughly i wo thirds of the <usal planted 1* more h. t h m ycais old and availably for cutting;--

\\hmit~ —Wheat i** foown mamly for loeaf ronton* pO*.H (11,007 U<\£$ vveie hat varied m # \ as eompnrrd with f^>V NnV the previous* yea r . KvptaaaKe ban shown that the higher ;doo><k are m o i e .'aided h» whi-at tfn»wiu?( but in these urea** tmO.,T .settlement and development m e lectured to s ecure a sob^fjmu; increase m wheat production. T!a» yield* per acre mv s tdi i«s» but n io showing an Upward tendency, Fn an area of tie* i -sv N*oik, whrw good c io jks ol wheat hfcve been grown dnriui? ihr three years, '* rust ' caused great damage even among? v a o r which had hithtato appeared to possess am^ktaraWe rust* omsu«h powers* A gtcat deal of work h*H |hv>I done in hvhrMhscm-.tf and selection to secure wheats which cue r eM*Hmt to t he tc-r.v main iortna of nisi.

Other Crops.- Luije uu nanes are recorded in the at a y. \ under ;mgar cane and barley, the production of sugar is m< n ing but it in .still only mcclmK v portion of toc:al mpuremrax It has K x ^ proved that <f nudtmg " barley of ôod quality lxN grown in Kenya and .sutcsiacloiy yields have been obkur.o The viiea utuler flax has deeica.sed. Ivven in aieaBwiiere tia\ proved to be a suitable crop, giowei.'i have given it u p Lnar owuvg to the depressed iitate of the uuirkot ami the low

StiUvc Agriculture*. , Kncouuigemcjit h.is Ueii g ivai t o the proxiuction of icouv^mh

CTOps possessing an export value and to the, increased piod*K;«t of food-stutls. The chief crops grown ure maiâ, s i m ^ m w \* groai idnuis and c o t t o n , A greater intermit.h,,bîng f t>|ieav4i l w h e a t growing. T h e « has been a considera.ble inpr$fr*» denmad im siiiali plpugl^ 'und' $cuiilei^ :; a few tMf£tor-griading mili^ h a v e bci'ii erected b y natives uud afeout,^:hy*>iih'1-hand-^vm grist m i l l s hav« l>een b o i ^ h t , /

w • of \VhlW " i M t r o e l?pi.»MHWH\faL

m >, m ^ w fat f i^ eHf i w ? j * oft 4 M w$ eMf.-, \w ^ t m n ctyhrtf Hhibrfbf r - i \MT pritliHt MlViW till IJ1H *?HBM df ^ (WitWiHK mix tWl hMWHti f1l*V wH)V r ^ f M ^ l f|«Hli

UI»»iM*1 p ^ M , r-fHwiT HliV^tV (It--jti^fHrMHii; ;Hr :itf MWi'W ajHctiMMhli* to ro f loH phVlUrlhjH W ' t f lMh:H M^rll rllHuilNlfl

H»i» ti.tvrt ptrmter! Hi lH2ff 4t»uM (1 dl'H'-oH^ ?iH roHijiftlrtt #111 tin* i>»-»*aMi* yhnf

oiff rirop I t iMitHittt HI |t5ip!tlf{f >IHM' N >t#fJHK (0 'tlHlHfW *oHn?t M fH>ui>#<0 r'hiiHHy |n?hW*« ilfM HHHfj f f{f t# t(i ?H''0*Hy^ Hi* p f o H w H n t l Of 0fl <i|IH' »W fill? fytflM•

' c111'fftf **>^n $ f t f f \ v ^ H H t H M b d ^llolH ^f<^ (Mrf dHHf'tf ^ f t fUtW* of HlrW W f Oihf 'IjfffHWK ."HI** twiMHWW! ^ ( f i f

j f , . , , n>a lint' ofr» Hirw v v ? h * MM' M!pffM,rfW<Mf I'M diwilfy

# 'f|>*/| <htftog Hi* onsft1 WU*«$ W*MWM>Mf l#biMW lift" ll<#

m ^ i W <Uiifi! ^io*# ffN ihtthpmf, nM$m itMntiM:—* m m . '' w ft/mm

; , §M$£0:

pm imm iter limit' mnmin^'um mt? M0&f ?h*ti tfattf #tt at

'for '^mipi ;tmpm® Ikvti ttmf&S pife® hi prof,- v s?tft& (4 mftvt" *f€ gf^fff-

Imp r^ibdi) I1wi4 t'tittp P-Uf&mikm mi iM'0 §hm writ- W

ht • mtthi^g&md \>m$m* (&&m$ i i m i i > t o ^

18 O'JtOMfAf: KN>0«Ttf \MMl?AT:.

Stop? liavn bent* f'tfmti tn ^Htmdrife flu* pwdurlirw of jd? > t k*moi»sInitio:^ nre riv*«?t in v r in*^ ruarêH and fhnv •.u'pavfttiM,* stations have beû p ^ H H T I ^ I R D . A *rh^diile shmViuj* the* e.^tinre *••! vnlue ot I he principal rnrHrtdtmal e^porK nf native origin app--»^ as Appendix U to tbH report

There hav<* been ^ a l l inrrea<?r«* onKy iiV Mre nnmbvT^ <>f r">" horses, sheep and t:orit«r A* regards mUle, there a He*-^-increasing proportion of M tirade ;* io " native " i ype M \ *>r*nv-.-r-f^rms but the proportion of RN;a%e-H*ed to r H V r t*a* n^t : R^^'n t i l pure-bred hidi? and Si rîiv? bred ond heiiî** imported durmjr a* compared >\?Vh #1 and 13, r e ^ W I N ^ -

A new cooperative rorieiv v.MS FORMED D N R M ^ ih* ;

the efctabLishttocnt n* a rivAm^rv at Xrnvnsha.

In addition TO the \ \ III .ve AFFRIENHNRRD ^ H O - ^ two vwn^**-Shows were held under r .^puv* e«f t K- \ ml 1

Horticultural Sooieiv of Kenva. one V . - ^ M H Apr AL -KMw».: In both cases they took plaecon new ^how-frroutids.

The uei cost of services rendered hv the A/rneultund t »w-merit, including the Veterinary* and\ 'e termarv Roêrm.h Til *w>ri* was £67,090-. The revenue derived from inneuhtions rinderpest.. and similar sendees, which 'in 1923 Hmo*mu»*:-£6,120 and "to £1 1,536 m If>24. rose to ^.M.SfcHn 1925. •> '« very largely to the increased demand for these•servteos aaioiv native stock owners.

The total area oi land alienated as a t i k 31*H)f <xnnoer j was 5,745,607 acre* (as compared wuh acre*, otj th 31st December, 1924), ot which acres are freehold. »m 5,229,432 acres leasehold.

The AREA of .grants regis iereu dwi-% r-the W A R - W A S 3 I>7 , ' ' 3 acres, compared with 3 6 4 v 4 h > a a e s ior the previ©^ year, and -u AREA of snmmders was vU4{460'-:arr^

One a action ot terms was heki chniug Utii ye<u, at wiar >26,1S9.f8-acres'realised .the sunn oi 426,164 ., " -

"J Sates of Township Plots, wete heki-.-aL iNatoiiai,, ...Eldopij-Njor Kisunlu and Kitalc, ' ' •'•

'"Hie revenue , DERIVED troiri mk& -and rnnte -of . t o d , - RTRV

FEES, sale of »icips/ctc^ AMOTTATVD-'to J f t l j H ^ 4 | f n ^ » . T H E F M R .

felt m l K l f ili^tfIHit<ttdl^4tMi-^tlHtl> ill-fJr'r^rt^.ctff-M^-Ji SWffifcfl wi

«r?wl tilth 0tu\ fttitaty Itt \M (Till I* pm Umnhhtj fwwf $M

rWtf fft*)jpttl dff :i rift* flft*Jtof 'tttttf*I • W08J | I # ' N m i r I for f l t r fe lJet'?ttif# ^ < ^ i « ^ f l y aHfv& 4iiihi§

* iv IW refitting Mm her fernta* <--«tf*ty# mwfe intttowtitottot;

:H m&nm \Mh% Ity hi ttte ht%&& cat twf

*mi isfiEfc Tim mlm '4 the m-m*0®vM ptik& vwu* tMtm&4 &M*h ctjmpm&b. with in f fe# . Jfl^fc«rt#

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I n-ym t m e o h a* eompmed with T2T^3df? ruble frcf tit JOfM- : .... Railway t ook ove r from nil *ooree«$ 9000,8IS r.nbtt feet c u m p H with 9,97S.fi98 cubic feet it * the previous y r a f The -atppiy ••? raiUvav fntd wet*? a! tbn<*s ?naderptfd<* mvihg to the faibm* /,f rontraefois in fulfil tbeir vmHnt'H ptitttitiift.lly.

The vent was a*i e*eepUobfd!y d r y oni» and rertflfnfeibî^ pUitish:ul tobecot i s idr t f ih lv tMtrbihed 2,17? w.rv* were ^pbu \ iH as c o m p a r e d with $M7 nems in H**?4, T*i mldflkm, wete >aieees^hdtv t r e a t e d fnf n a f u n d i t i ; ene ta f lon , tht* m<--d-vi n t en ibg i in t v t i a i n t y p e * o* fotpct, nn>eh tnnre ' snCrer^hd e naet «.t one t i m e been i b b n p h l p robab le , T0?!M'W ymwj* w e r e n d s e d in t h e n h r s o t i e ^ r o m p a i v t l with 2,SWI.nO0 In' *<v>* This will p e r m i t of ;i verv jirr:d men=aê iti fhc p l a n t a t i o n * m b ^ if the w e a t h e i r end i t i on^ p rove b.vnnr?*b?e In ••etne pmgre** in rndtorerdntion j? <id! h i n d e r e d b y an m < n d ^ ; - ^ of labour

Steps h ive hertf t-d«ai to b ^ i n th£ tn*peHmenfrd p h n t * ^ c ,v t h e sp*ceies of t.tv*s< which \ >V?d ehrmbno<\*ye^ oil redotft-'d :<* *>••< 1 m o m e n t of l e m w v , hn* it r~ tiv nr^.f i b a t t he r e are v < ^ \ <\ district.?- in ibe i o j o c v v. hero <*iniab!e r e n d i t i o n p r o v d *

1 be total e:-v-h rr*vnno e*^**vled h v i h e F r n ^ t TVor^-*-- ••• n-iii t he form of r o y a t n e ^ on u m b e r , b-o* ;>ud o t h e r forest v ; » -was i25,457, a s compnmt w i th $>l.(**?Mft t h e p r e v i o m ^ i r ' v yevevme was ihe largest m ihe h m o r v t>f t h e 1 V p m i m e n * i ' - ."^- , sales of Cue! ami y o u n g ire*** d?d wot r o m ^ np t o e v p r - e i ^ * ^ The expenditure amovmted t o i"*>7,9#5 And t h * pre^wMu^r revenue t £ ex^xmdiinvc w w \ « * c d t r o w 85-65 j**r c e n t . »r H.fc t d M ' 13 \m cen t , in 1 9 2 5 .

The v<thie of ]>?>xln<>D ts«med -free ^ rnormted to ^ /-> -e o r n p a r e d svith / 2 . 3 7 f i m 1924- fVom 1 # j a n n a n ^ , e^^r <tov<*rnment Departments \vtn*e required t o ]>av tor f " v»?at*i sitKl oth^* forest pivxitK^ m^d hv them-. 1 !\e ti>ee is<ne* w ^ mmnly -to s e t t l e r s on \rn^berk?ss terms wssr^smg Tree* t<ir^:> tVfmits and t-o n a t i v e * itt oeriaifc l<^:aMtitls k-K-H:*

coml l f ions preva i l ,

Ord^feHaes hav^ be<m passed... The m o r e i m p o r t a n t OnhnaiiCie* are

line, f i n ing Ordirtane>e {-No. S}> The T^nblic T ^ m t e e s Ordtiiftnce -.(No- ;y). ' j

ITie-Arms a n d Ammunjaon -0^cJin«ê# ^ o . fcf), fHie %ik*^mtf Or4itt4*n4X (No. 23).

. The "I)metttidn -Camp$ O r d i ^ t i ^ tj>io. ••••• -A .R^tei^pt^y Orditia&ce ott th^-lines ;ot tlie JinghîiA

• . - w a s also .passed and h ^ n ^ . ^ o . .4.o{ ... %

MM

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llti.1 -NhnW *W fortt% oft tlW M M CJiNttH*

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IKUmHI >IUH> IfcVtW-.- W # j iMHtbMH i B Hie tfhkMHJ ttWhttf Ail- d N H H U M l f jfcHKltf it) HlkH- HI- | f e s i t tH^H rtt H t r t # H f k

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\m-\'mt <'yptttWHii.iUl strtittlHiirtHtfK'ti e^MWH,' (8tfttff$ #

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Hsr.vf FLLIKILS, m vMtyfiWi ifitil 1M 1$> f M t t * H t J # i I) ' f H i * <!i**t df IHtiteH eitiliCHtlwt.iM tUSWstfWrtt#!M tft | l i J ' i

L« -'mm <tt: MlO YEATE

W Mmdi Hie (i)tw«J*ffe# ndMfioMl iff / ^ f l (H* Mf nf FILTHOHGH THESE M;IIW»to rtt* ratted

m\ <h<*4 )« t h e Mittnb»M> A r a b S e l ^ o i l i | p W B | p : »r ' W I (ISIS SECTION i s wcU mfmmtisii, fSEt el^d

' ffd '»I STEVEN bsii^F itt a4t«o»uM06^ fim AHfc 'inci ,s mnJdnf on!? fWigiMii. UkMeNii I ^^At l

ar !/» i i i d i f t emi t t o t l » ad»JMI ;d(iri6ttii Iff imp Ai*hbey»kmt&ti6ko^UHWMi*m

2*2 COLONIAL R E P O R T S — A N N U A L .

African Education, Government school? exist at Machakos, Waa, Kwale, Narok, Kapsabit and Kericho; schools are main' tained by all the principal missionary societies ; there are Police schools in many important centres, and there are large numbets of village schools situated throughout the native reserves. In 1925 the Jeanes School for training supervisors of African village schools was opened at Kabete and good progress was made at the Native Industrial Training Depot at Kabete, whose object is to supply the Colony with qualified African artizans. Attendance in Government schools totalled 1,683, as compared with 1,625 in 1924. For African assisted schools no accurate figures for 1925 are obtainable. In 1924 the number was 21,539.

The cost of Arab and African education, exclusive of administrative charges, was £36,017 in 1925, of which £14,803 appeared as grants to missions.

v m . Communications.

R a i l w a y s a n d M a r i n e . «

The results of the working of the Kenya and Uganda Railway, Marine, and ancillary services for the year 1925 disclose the progress made by the Railway and the favourable financial position that has been achieved.

Earnings for the year amounted to £1,993,509 and the ordinary working expenditure to £1,090,071—the surplus of receipts over ordinary working expenditure being £903,43$ After allowing for contributions to renewals funds, interest charges, e tc , the net surplus of this excess for transfer to Better ment Funds amounted to £368,774.

The carriage of public goods provided a revenue of £1,580,66 and the tonnage of this traffic amounted to 53*1,474 tons, as compared with £1,297,236 and 482.480 tons during the previous year. The revenue derived from passenger traffic also showed an increase over that of 1924, viz., in 1925, 913,640 passenger: contributed a revenue of £225,548 as against 830,209 passenger* and £197,991 in 1924. Natives continued to use the railway in increasing numbers. The following figures show the number of passengers carried under different classes:—

1st Class, 2nd Class. 3rd Class. Told 1924 15,904 57,921 756,384 830/2© 1925 16,745 57,530 839,365 913.646

Lake steamer traffic also showed a steady improvement. The tonnage carried increased irom 149,803 tons in the previous year to 197,629 tons, an increase of 31 *92 per cent.

23

The supply of wood fuel for locomotives was again unsatisfactory and the consumption of coal was very heavy in consequence. The following figures show the consumption of coal, wood and oil fuel during the year:—

Coal . . . . 51,536 tons consumed at a cost of £88,196. Wood,. . .81 ,056 „ „ M „ £42,135. Oil . . v . 9,073 „ h „ „ £38,249.

The work of relaying the main line with a heavier (80 lb.) rail in place of the 50 lb. did not progress as well as was anticipated owing to the big increase in'traffic which had to be carried over the line while relaying operations were in progress and also to the difficulty experienced by the contractor in obtaining sufficient labour and good supervision for that labour. 106 miles of 80 lb, track were laid during the year.

General upkeep has been maintained throughout the year, and also a considerable amount of re-grading and re-alignment work. The re-grading is almost completed and will give a maximum ruling gradient of 1 • 18 per cent, compensated against downward traffic between Nairobi and the Coast.

The total route mileage of line open at the close of the year was 1,038, of which 67 miles are in Uganda. The final sections of the Uasin Gishu Railway, totalling 73 miles, were taken over rom the contractor during the year. The final cost of the Uasin ishu Railway, which was built under the direct control of the onsulting Engineers with Messrs. Griffiths and Company as ontractors, will be approximately £2,350,000 or over £16,550 er mile. On the Thika-Nyeri branch 25 miles were taken over rom construction lines.

At the end of the year the following lines were under construction :—

Kenya-* Thika-Nyeri Branch 73 miles. Solai Branch . • . . . . . . 27 Kitale Branch . . 45 Turbo-Uganda Border section of the

Uganda Extension . . 79

Uganda— Uganda Bidder—Mbulamuti section of

the Uganda Extension . . . . 106

ii

Total ,. 330 miles.

Further surveys and reconnaissances were carried out to scertain the merits of future branch lines towards productive

24 COLON!At ' REPORTS-*--AMNtfAt.

SHIPPWO. During 1925 *hl Port of Mombasa was served hy mvm

regular line* of steamer* frottt Europe, I.e., The Unioft Histj* Mail Steamship GottlpaiWi limited , The British fndirt S{rm

Navigation (ompany, f irnited, Messngcries Maritime??. Ft ?!h Navigation Company, Clan Ellerronu Sltd B^ffl^oh Line, ffolljuri East Africa line and the Deutsche Ost Afrika fjme, In addition to these services, a few call* were made by Norwegian and Japaw^ Tines and miscellaneous oil and coal steamers discharged full cargoes at this Port.

A fortnightly service between Bombay and Durban, ballinj both ways at Mombasa, has been maintained by the British India Steam Navigation Company, Limited. Coastal services hv this Line and by Messrs. ('owasjec Dlnshaw and Brothers lave been fairly regular.

The total steam tonnage (mercantile) entered in the Protectorate ports (hiring the year amounted to 1,253,552 tons net represented hv 549 st earners, These figures show an m e m x of 8$,425 tons and 45 steamer* as compared with figures for the previous year. In gross. tonnage, the figures nrc > I9;M 1,781,039 tons, 1925 .-2,025,629. This is the grst year dtiring which the gross tonnage of shippinf has exceeded two niitliom. The total tonnage of sailing vessels entered in the Protectors ports during 1925 Was 61,139 tons, represented by 3,009 vemM decrease of 4,490 tons and 476 vessels, On account of the ce^im of jubaland to nalv, the 1925 figures for the port of Ki> nm^ are for H\X months only as against twelve months for 1924,

The figures for Mombasa were 440 steamers of 1,180,493 i m net, against 372 steamer* of 1,037,631 tons net for 1924, an innvr? e of 68 steamers and 142,862 tons. The tonnage of sailing v> e>>; amounted to 24,375 tons, represented by 1,283 vessels, a cleemi.y* of 2,418 tons and 158 vessels over the previous year.

Revenue derived from Port dues amounted to |10,S8H aoj increase of {2,772 over the previous yeat^ due to the sle d^ increase in tonnage and in the number of ships visiting the i'or | of Mombasa. Corresponding increases have resulted also in -riei.t dues and Pilotage fees. 1

Approximately 640,000 shipping tons of cargo (346,714 oral inwards and 293,326 tons outwards) were dealt with and 86TBI passengers passed through the port of Mombasa during 192M 92,777 shipping tons were handled at Mbaraki which wal purchased by Government towards the end of the. year. j

R o a d s . ; 1

There are approximately 5,800 miles of public roads in til Colony, 2,000 miles of which may be classified as main roaul The roads are practically all earth roads, and many oi tiieni m

kKNYAi 1025. 28

nir o tracks. Almost impa^s;ibfe» during the heavy rains. These inrkx arc gradually improved front year to wat as funds ate iawnlablc, \vith the object of making then! properly ftmUed, ' ^ d e d ;md drained roads. The a v e r s e expenditure pet mile oti Immtenanrc and improvement work during tvVJ.il wan £1$ {ot nvvn road?* and for other roads, This expenditure* includes ir.-nnicn.inco and repairs to bridges and en) verts, and the provision of now culverts*

The Public Works Departmrnt is responsible fnt all road m:uni«mnwe work throughout I ho (olony, with the oxrepttori of Nairobi and for work in collaboration with UfctrlH Road Hoards in the settled areas and with the Administration hi the n a t i v e

I V system of road maintenance by contract continued dtiting the v'enr but was practically eottlhied to district roads, Most of tlie main roads were maintained by direct iahotit ehtployed by the Public Wori*s Department but dintriH roatta IH the settled

were, when possible, maintained by contract with Hie Ideal ;farr»»eN through the medium of the District Road Hoards, iti a few eases it was, however, possible to arrange contracts for improvement or replacement work with a contractor whd was not r farmer.

Posts AMD Tl'I.HOKAWIS,

ine financial results of the years working of the Posf and Tek^ivph service established a fresh record. The following con* / A c t i v e statement shows the expenditure, cash revenue and var e of fr^e services H i n d e r e d to (loveutmerit Departments ; —

f of hlxpendi- Cash Official lb) Excels ot Deficit

Year ture. He-venue* free ser and (t) of (h) ovet (a). vices. wet (a),

£ £ i £ £ 1922 1 3 2 , 7 2 7 2$Mi deficit. \m vm;/Mi 25,77* 5,974 deceit/

\mjm 44, tOjS&f excess . m,:m 3 # , i 2 # - excess ,

Tite foregoing s t a t w i e n i does j*c>t radtKk tifee vata* o l km services pttlmmzd by othm Gmtimmmi • ''&$^tmm$&- fof f&6 post Office,, w h i c h a r e estimated a t

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28 C O L O N I A L R E P O R T S — A N N U A L .

The reduction in the value of official free services is due to an arrangement, which was introduced during the year, under which all Departments pay cash for telephone and telegraph and certain other special services. This arrangement has resulted in economy in the use of these services.

The Post and Telegraph services of Uganda and Kenya are unified under the control of the Postmaster-General at Nairobi, The scheme for the closer amalgamation of'these services, which was referred to in the year 1924, came into operation on the 1st ofJanuary, 1925. The scheme has worked with great smoothness and has achieved its object of effecting a division of revenue and expenditure between the two territories on an equitable basis.

To the total cash revenue of £181,435, Kenya contributed £138,413 and Uganda £43,022, whilst of the total expenditure of £146,309, £101,401 was expended in Kenya and £44,908 in Uganda.

The estimated number of letters, postcards, book packets and samples dealt with during the year was 9,041,799, representing an increase of 14-9 per cent, over 1924 figures. An increase of 27-9 per cent, is found in the number of parcels dealt with, i.e., 175,585, and an increased number of insured parcels and registered articles was also handled. The bulk of the overseas mail business is with Great Britain.

The value of money orders issued and paid rose in Kenya from £310,592 in 1924 to £480,967 in 1925, and in Uganda from £287,527 to £505,011. Increased use is being made, particularly in Uganda, of facilities provided by the telegraph money order service, which at present extends to no overseas countries except Great Britain and the Irish Free State. The value of money orders issued increased by £221,370 from £374,841 in 1924 to £596,211, or 59 per cent. Of this increase £164,085 was in respect of inland orders, and £61,534 in respect of remittances to-India, an increase in the case of the latter of 53«3 per cent.

The total number of inland telegrams and cablegrams dealt with during the year was 363,851 and 115,502 respectively, being an increase of 47*8 per cent, and 8-5 per cent, respectively, over the figures for the preceding year. The remarkable increase in the number of inland telegrams is mainly due to the reduction of 50 per cent, in rates which came into effect on the 1st January. Of the cable traffic slightly less than half was with Great Britain. The number of telegrams exchanged over the line of the Overland service to South Africa totalled 45,531.

K E N Y A , 1925. 27

Overseas communications were on the whole expeditiously and satisfactorily maintained. Two interruptions, lasting altogether 32 days, occurred in the Mombasa-Zanzibar cable. Traffic was diverted via the Mombasa and Zanzibar wireless stations and via Dar-es-salaaitt and sustained no serious delay.

With the exception of extensions to existing telephone exchanges, engineering work in Kenya was mainly confined to maintenance services. The demand for telephone facilities was above normal, the increase in the number of installations being 18*2 per cent, ovefc* the previous year. AH applications for service were dealt with without undue delay.

In the Post Office Savings Bank deposits exceeded withdrawals by £5,145. The total number of active accoutits at the end of the year was 4,012, and the total balance due to depositors was nearly £57,500. 604 accounts, with a total balance of £4,725, stood in the names of Africans. Efforts continue to popularise this bank among Africans and to make them familiar with the advantages it offers.

Africans are still employed largely in the telegraph service as operators and the work of recruiting and training proceeded normally. So far, however, the educated Africans show no desire to enter the Engineering branch of the Department.

The very decided expansion which took place during the year in all branches of the Post Office may be accepted as a reflection of the business and industrial activity which prevailed generally.

IX. Climate. The general effect of climatic conditions in their relation to

crop production has been mentioned under " Trade and Agriculture/1 Tecords are compiled at 209 meteorological stations, YM of which are private stations situated in the farm areas. The following table indicates temperature and rainfall conditions at various stations

[TABUS OVERLEAF

28 COtONIAL KfcFOim ANMt/AL;

'5b

3

11

a

4) 3 3

1 s o 9

C £ >Cl -••<*

g u & $ l P

H

Iti ui m w w $ a —-« o el

s. C O

IS a *-<

f f> r % C O

»o co §5

v.. » 0

0

C O

•h (/) 7 )

cff ***** to

5i 0 ^>

[ H ,—1 C O

C I 00 «-»« «• 5 —<

1 I - 7 0 <+ co to

to I * CO

if*

a 5 I CO

- —•

3 -1

»*., *•« • -* ir* ;7> Cjp X

X trz an f4 co. :.i '0 co *7>

05 • -V is

CO ift

0*'"$: <6 ti5

I-*

US

O • sfc CO t>» t->. t - s j >

CM

ci

m

C

o

3

i*4

5'J Q

i o i

KENYA, 29

Rainfall d i n i n g 19.25 was g t t u n U l v iMsul is fac io iy wMh the (.yrrpttrm of r r r t o i n a i m s of thn Cnttetal a n d suijrik'oitt hlrtir rhiHtl nnd l o w l a n d (t,slice) a r r a s w h r r e n o r m a l in ^jlghtty rxtTHS ppr ipHa t ioh WSJ I'Xperli 'flr-cd

riir o u t s t a n d i n g f ea tu re ot the yea r was (lie tdntoi4 ntiivrtsjfl abnormal ra in o x p p f i r m e d in J a n u a r y followed by $ m\\un&* of rmmili^ of (leflfclefti fall

1 .-it" a m i bad distribution, however , was MWtrrl rciMief* HttiH abf»'»fm«i l a rk of ra in rm Wag rxp'-riehavl in 1924.

M r f principal report** of Kenya (hiring 1921 a?;d

Articled UNIT of QUANTIFY;

^u<v- -f -cf (Sun-Sri??)

o n . i 1 1 f i i 7 / ' S 7 (^Mid, $m<nn TNM, \l,4W U/K'I -m,717 MITU* <>t« tjm t"/ii i/zw/nrt :m;m m<m i v ^ <$,m0£? r<n rri,6H<y

T o n * . 1,^20 ; *0M ftf,$ftf

A* p r x ' O f X ff.

htkkf

' • » : 0 r V

Ml rxp:>rta)

192$. / / , /

rSO.OW i'JlOOO5 % iOOOo j;>0 oOO 22,000* R^tm

l o w 50,000

28,000 1^000 rt;H0O!

. , 2,000

COLONIAL ANNUAL REPORTS. H.M. Stationery Office publishes the Annual Reports on British Colonies anj Protectorates. These Reports appear each year and they are supplied av tl subscription price of 40s. per annum. ASHANTI;1924-25, No. 1289 .. ..Is. 9d. BAHAMAS, 1926, No. 1285 64. BARBADOS, 1925-26, No. 1301 .. .. 9d. BASUTOLAND, 1926, No. 1294 .. .. 9d. BECHUANALAND PROTECTORATE,

1925-26, No. 1317... .. .. .. Is. BERMUDA, 1925, No. 1309 .. .. 9d. BRITISH GUIANA, 1925, No. 1300 .. Is, BRITISH HONDURAS, 1925, No. 1308 1$. BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS PRO-

TECTORA TE, 1924-25, No. 1290 .. 6d, BRUNEI, STATE OF, 1925, No. 1293 .. Is. 3d. CAYMAN ISLANDS (JAMAICA), 1926,

No. 1298 .. .. .. .. 3d. CEYLON, 1923, No. 1248 .. . . . . 5s. COLONIAL SURVEY COMMITTEE

REPORT, 1926, No. 1286 .. Is. CYPRUS, 1925, No. 1313 is. 9d. FALKLAND ISLANDS, 1924, No. 1278 9d. FEDERATED MALAY STATES, 1926,

No. 1305 .. .. .. .. 2s; FIJI, 1925, No. 1299 .. .. .. Is. GAMBIA, 1926, No. 1306 . . . . . 9d. GIBRALTAR, 1925, No. 1314 .V . . 64, GILBERT & ELLICE ISLANDS,

1923-24, No. 1246 .. . . . . .. 6d. GOLD COAST, 1924-25, No. 1287 .. 2s. 3d. GOLD COAST, NORTHERN TERRI

TORIES, 1924-25, No. 1284 .. .. Is. GRENADA, 1926, No. 1310 .. .. 6d. HONG KONG, 1924, No. 1288 .. ..Is. 3d. JA MA ICA, 1924, No. 1276 .. Is. 3d.

KENYA COLONY & PROTECTORATE, 1924, No. 1282 ..

LEEWARD ISLANDS, 1924-26, No. 1288 MA URIT1US, 1924, No. 1281 .. NORTHERN RHODESIA, No. 1292 .. NEW HEBRIDES, 1924, No. 1273 NIGERIA, 1925, No. 1315.. NYASALAND, 1925, No. 1296 .. ..." ST. HELENA, 1925, No. 1297 ST. LUCIA, 1924, No. 1268> .. .. ST. VINCENT, 1925, No. 1303 . . . SEYCHELLES, 1924, No. 1272 .. SIERRA LEONE, 1926, No. 1320 SOMALILAND, 1926, No. 1816 .. STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, 1925, No.

1302 .. .. .. .. .. SWAZILAND, 1925, No. 1307 .. TONGAN ISLANDS PROTECTORATE,

1924-26,No. 1237 .. .. .. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO, 1926, No. 1311 ls.\ TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS, 1925, No.

1304 . UGANDA, 1925, No. 1318 UN FEDERATED MALAY STATES

UNDER BRITISH PROTECTION, 1925, No. 1319 6s.\

WEl-HAhWEl, 1925, No. 1295 ZANZIBAR PROTECTORATE, 1925,

No. 1312

MANDATED TERRITORIES. Annual Reports are published on the undermentioned territories administe by H.M. Government under mandate from the League of Nations.

CAMEROONS, 1926 (Colonial, No. 22) 4s. 6d. *IRAQ, 1925 (Colonial, No. 21) 6s. PALESTINE AND TRANSJGRDAN, 1925 (Colonial, No. 20) . .5s. 6d. PALESTINE AND TRANSJORDAN, 1924. Appendices to the Report

(Colonial No. 17) Is. TANGANYIKA, 1926 (Colonial, No. 18) 3s. 84. LABOUR IN TANGANYIKA TERRITORY, 1925 (Colonial No. 19) 4s. TOGOLAND, 1925 (Colonial, No. 23) 4s.

PALESTINE, REPORT OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER ON THE A DM IN 1ST R A TION OF, 1920-25 (Colonial No. 15) .. 2s.

All prices are net. Postage extra.

For further particulars apply to arty of the

SALE OFFICES OF H . M . STATIONERY OFFICE.

CROWN AGENTS FOR THE COLONIES. Publications issued by the Governments of British Colonies, Protectorates Mandated Territories, can be obtained from the CROWN AGENTS FOR COLONIES, 4, Millbank, Westminster, S.W.I. They include Departmc Reports,. Laws, Handbooks, etc., e.g. Conference of East African Govei 1926. Summary of Proceedings, is. 6d.; East African Pasture PI (1) Grasses, 2$. Qd.; Kenya Trade and Customs Report, 1925, 55.

annual report of the colonies, kenya, 1925

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