apa style 花蓮師院科教所李暉老師統整. general format for book or edited book (...

APA Style

花蓮師院科教所花蓮師院科教所李暉老師統整李暉老師統整

General Format for Book or Edited Book ( 書籍的格式）

Author/Editor. (Date of Publication). Author/Editor. (Date of Publication). Title: Title:

SubtitleSubtitle. (Edition). Place of Publication: . (Edition). Place of Publication:

Publisher. Publisher.

BOOK

Weinstein, C. S., & Mignano, A. Weinstein, C. S., & Mignano, A. (1993). (1993). Organizing the elementary school Organizing the elementary school classroom: Lessons from research and classroom: Lessons from research and practicepractice. New York: McGraw-Hill.. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Cities that do no require states or countries不需要註明洲或國家的都市 BaltimoreBaltimore BostonBoston ChicagoChicago Los AngelesLos Angeles New YorkNew York PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia San FranciscoSan Francisco

AmsterdamAmsterdam JerusalemJerusalem LondonLondon MilanMilan MoscowMoscow ParisParis RomeRome StockholmStockholm TokoyoTokoyo ViennaVienna

BOOK WITH MULTIPLE EDITIONS有不同版本的書籍

Woolfolk, A. E. (2004). Woolfolk, A. E. (2004). Educational Educational psychologypsychology (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn & (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.Bacon.

General Format for an Article in an Edited Book

在編輯書籍中的文章格式

Author. (Date of Publication). Article title. In Author. (Date of Publication). Article title. In

Book Editor (Ed.), Book Editor (Ed.), Title: SubtitleTitle: Subtitle. (Edition, . (Edition,

pages). Place of Publication: Publisher.pages). Place of Publication: Publisher.

EDITED BOOK

Wittrock, M. (Ed.). (1986). Wittrock, M. (Ed.). (1986). Handbook of research Handbook of research on teachingon teaching (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan. (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.

CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOKCHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK

Anderson, L. M. (1989). Classroom instruction. In Anderson, L. M. (1989). Classroom instruction. In M. Reynolds (Ed.), M. Reynolds (Ed.), Knowledge base for beginning Knowledge base for beginning teachersteachers (pp. 101-116). New York: Pergamon. (pp. 101-116). New York: Pergamon.

General Format for Print Magazine/Journal Article期刊雜誌文章的格式

Author, A. A. (Date of Publication). Title of Author, A. A. (Date of Publication). Title of

article: Subtitle of article. Magazine/Journal article: Subtitle of article. Magazine/Journal

Title, Volume number, (issue number only Title, Volume number, (issue number only

if each issue begins on page 1), pages. if each issue begins on page 1), pages.

JOURNAL ARTICLE 期刊的文章

Tschannen-Moran, M., Woolfolk Hoy, Tschannen-Moran, M., Woolfolk Hoy, A., & Hoy, W. K. (1998). Teacher efficacy: A., & Hoy, W. K. (1998). Teacher efficacy: Its meaning and measure. Its meaning and measure. Review of Review of Educational Research, 68,Educational Research, 68, 202-248. 202-248.

Electronic Media 電子媒體Article in an Internet-only journalArticle in an Internet-only journal

Internet Internet 上的期刊文章上的期刊文章Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating

positive emotions to optimize health and well positive emotions to optimize health and well being. being. Prevention & Treatment, 3,Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from Retrieved November 20, 2000, from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre003http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html0001a.html

Electronic Media

Stand-alone document, no author identified, Stand-alone document, no author identified,

no date.no date. If the author of a document is not identified, If the author of a document is not identified,

begin the reference with the title of the documentbegin the reference with the title of the document..

如果文件中的作者與日期不知道的話，那麼用標題開頭如果文件中的作者與日期不知道的話，那麼用標題開頭

GVU's 8th WWW user survey.GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/survey1997-10/http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/survey1997-10/

Electronic Media

Internet articles based on a print sourceInternet articles based on a print source

VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference

elements in the selection of resources by psychology elements in the selection of resources by psychology

undergraduates. undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5,Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117- 117-

123. Retrieved October 13, 2001, from 123. Retrieved October 13, 2001, from

http://jbr.org/articles.htmlhttp://jbr.org/articles.html

See: See: http://wwwhttp://www.apastyle.apastyle.org.org/elecsource/elecsource.html.html for more information for more information

General Format for Internet Document

網際網路文件的一般格式Circles represent pieces of info that need to Circles represent pieces of info that need to

be located on the electronic document be located on the electronic document

Author/editor. (Year/Date). Author/editor. (Year/Date). Title. Title. Retrieved Retrieved

Date, from URLDate, from URL

Example of Cite for Internet Document 引用網際網路文件的範例

Bryant, P. (2001). Bryant, P. (2001). Biodiversity and Biodiversity and

conservationconservation. Retrieved November 26, . Retrieved November 26,

2001, from http://darwin.bio.uci. 2001, from http://darwin.bio.uci.

edu/~sustain/ bio65/Titlpage.htmedu/~sustain/ bio65/Titlpage.htm

General Format for an Internet Document Which Is Part of an Internet Resource

Author/editor. (Year). Author/editor. (Year). TitleTitle. Retrieved date, . Retrieved date,

from web site name: URLfrom web site name: URL

Example of a Cite for an Internet Document Which Is Part of an Internet Resource

Pellegrino, J. (n.d.). Pellegrino, J. (n.d.). Seamus HeaneySeamus Heaney..

Retrieved October 4, 1999, from the Internet Retrieved October 4, 1999, from the Internet

Poetry Archive web site: Poetry Archive web site:

http://www.ibiblio.org/dykki/poetry/http://www.ibiblio.org/dykki/poetry/

heaney/heaney.bio.htmlheaney/heaney.bio.html

General Format for an Article From an Internet Journal

Author. (Year). Title of article. Author. (Year). Title of article. Source, Source,

vol. #,vol. #, (issue # if each issue is separately (issue # if each issue is separately

numbered), pages. Retrieved date, from numbered), pages. Retrieved date, from

URLURL

Example of a Cite for an Article From an Internet Journal

Fine, M.A., & Kurdek, L.A. (1993). Reflections on Fine, M.A., & Kurdek, L.A. (1993). Reflections on

determining authorship credit and authorship determining authorship credit and authorship

order on faculty-student collaborations. order on faculty-student collaborations.

American Psychologist, 48American Psychologist, 48, 1141-47. Retrieved , 1141-47. Retrieved

June 7, 1999, from http://www.apa.org/ June 7, 1999, from http://www.apa.org/

journals/amp/kurdek.htmljournals/amp/kurdek.html

General Format for an Article From an Electronic Database




Database.Database.




Database.Database.

Example of a Cite for an Article From an Electronic Database

Kramer, J.F. (December 1999/January 2000). Kramer, J.F. (December 1999/January 2000).

Valuing accounting practices. Valuing accounting practices. TheThe

National Public Accountant, 44National Public Accountant, 44 (10), 32. (10), 32.

Retrieved April 4, 2000, from ABI/Inform Retrieved April 4, 2000, from ABI/Inform

Global via Proquest Direct.Global via Proquest Direct.

Other Formats MLA – Modern Language Association MLA – Modern Language Association Chicago Style – Chicago Manual of StyleChicago Style – Chicago Manual of Style Turabian Style – based on Chicago StyleTurabian Style – based on Chicago Style Harvard Referencing SystemHarvard Referencing System ASA – American Sociological AssociationASA – American Sociological Association CBE - Council of Biology EditorsCBE - Council of Biology Editors

See See Formats for Citing ReferencesFormats for Citing References guide at guide at

http:/http://wally.rit.edu/wally.rit.edu/pubs/guides/cite.html/pubs/guides/cite.html

for info on these formats and othersfor info on these formats and others

?ExerciseExercise

Correct Citations for Exercise

Persico, J. E. (2001). Persico, J. E. (2001). Roosevelt’s secret war: Roosevelt’s secret war:

FDR and World War II espionageFDR and World War II espionage. New . New

York: Random House.York: Random House.

Correct Citation for Exercise

Cullhed, A. (August 28, 2001). Cullhed, A. (August 28, 2001). Nobel prize authors Nobel prize authors

on timeon time. Retrieved February 18, 2002, from the . Retrieved February 18, 2002, from the

Nobel e-Museum: Nobel e-Museum:

http://www.nobel.se/literature/articles/ cullhed/http://www.nobel.se/literature/articles/ cullhed/

Crediting an idea Results of research on teaching suggest that Results of research on teaching suggest that

classroom organization is a key to student learning classroom organization is a key to student learning (Anderson, 1992; Evertson, Emmer, & Marshall, (Anderson, 1992; Evertson, Emmer, & Marshall, 1986; Good, 1989). 1986; Good, 1989). [NOTE: Articles are alphabetical [NOTE: Articles are alphabetical by first author’s name within parentheses]by first author’s name within parentheses]

OROR

Results of research by Anderson (1992), Evertson, Results of research by Anderson (1992), Evertson, Emmer, and Marshall (1986), and Good (1989), Emmer, and Marshall (1986), and Good (1989), suggest that classroom organization is a key to suggest that classroom organization is a key to student learning.student learning.

Quotes

Many educators agree with Dewey’s (1940) Many educators agree with Dewey’s (1940) statement, “Once is never enough when it comes statement, “Once is never enough when it comes to a good idea” (p. 79). to a good idea” (p. 79). [period after [period after parenthesesparentheses]]

Many educators wonder along with Dewey’s Many educators wonder along with Dewey’s (1940), “Is once is enough when it comes to a (1940), “Is once is enough when it comes to a good idea?” (p. 79good idea?” (p. 79). ).

[question mark inside quote if part of [question mark inside quote if part of original,period after original,period after parenthesesparentheses]]

Quotations of 40 words of more

are blocked and indented on the left but not the right.

Miele (1993) found the following:

The placebo effect…disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner. Furthermore the behaviors were never exhibited again [italics added], when reel [sic] drugs were administered. Earlier studies (e.g., Abdullah, 1984; Fox, 1979) were clearly premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect. (p. 276) [period before parentheses]

Headings: Using 3 levels

Objectives for Learning(level 1)

The items listed in the overview at the beginning of this chapter are examples of learning objectives. Although there are many different approaches to writing objectives, each assumes ....Kinds of Objectives (level 2)

At a very general, abstract level are the grand goals society may have for graduates of public schools, such as increased intellectual development and effective citizenship. But very general goals become meaningless ....

Mager: Start with the specific. (level 3) Robert Mager has developed a very influential system for writing instructional objectives. Mager’s idea is that objectives ought to describe what students will be doing ....

Headings: Using 3 levels

Objectives for Learning(level 1)

This is the main heading of a section. It is centered and all the important words are capitalized. No italics here ....

Kinds of Objectives (level 2) The 2nd level heading is at the left margin and all the

important words are capitalized. Use italics here ....

Mager: Start with the specific. (level 3) At the 3rd level, the heading is indented, in italics, only the first word and the first word after a colon are capitalized. The paragraph starts on the same line as the heading (it is called a paragraph heading)…..

圖 (Figures)的使用本文中提及圖時，使用圖的編號，如圖本文中提及圖時，使用圖的編號，如圖１，圖２等等，非如下圖１，圖２等等，非如下圖

圖例圖例 : : 說明圖中使用的各種符號，說明圖中使用的各種符號，放在放在圖內圖內，是圖的一部份，是圖的一部份

圖的標題圖的標題 :: 圖的圖的簡潔簡潔說明，放在說明，放在圖的下方圖的下方

表 (Tables) 的使用表的名稱表的名稱 : : 簡短簡短、、清楚清楚、、有說明性，有說明性，　放在　放在表的上方表的上方僅使用水平畫格線僅使用水平畫格線表的註解與順序表的註解與順序　一般註解　一般註解 :: 註解註解　　　特別註解　特別註解 ::

　機率註解　機率註解 ::**pp<.05,**<.05,**pp<.01, ***<.01, ***pp<.001<.001

文獻引用 (reference citations)

在文章中註明資料參考的來源，包括作在文章中註明資料參考的來源，包括作者與年份，需要時可以找到資料。特別者與年份，需要時可以找到資料。特別是研究結果的統計數字。是研究結果的統計數字。

中文文獻置於外文文獻之前中文文獻置於外文文獻之前中文文獻依作者姓氏筆劃中文文獻依作者姓氏筆劃由少而多排列由少而多排列外文文獻依作者姓氏字母順序排列外文文獻依作者姓氏字母順序排列年代以西元年表示年代以西元年表示

文獻引用 (reference citations) （續）

引用第二手資料時：引用第二手資料時： ** 內文引用原作者，其後加註二手資料來源內文引用原作者，其後加註二手資料來源例如：李例如：李 ×××× 和林和林 ×××× 的研究的研究 (( 引自陳引自陳

×××× 和張和張 ×××× ，， 2002)2002)

　　 ** 二手資料文獻列於參考文獻中。二手資料文獻列於參考文獻中。

文獻引用 (reference citations) （續）

引用文字數少於引用文字數少於 4040 字時字時用雙引號把引用文圍住隨後加註出處用雙引號把引用文圍住隨後加註出處、、頁頁數，之後才加標點符號數，之後才加標點符號　　　　“引用文”“引用文” (( 作者，年代，作者，年代， p.)p.) ，，　　引用文字數多引用文字數多 (( 含含 )) 於於 4040 字時字時以獨立方塊縮排以獨立方塊縮排 55 格呈現，隨後註明頁數格呈現，隨後註明頁數 55 　　　　　　　最後標點符號　　　　　　　最後標點符號 (p.) (p.) 。。　　　　　　引用許可引用許可 :APA:APA 允許範圍允許範圍 500500 字以內字以內

引用文方塊

文獻引用 (reference citations) （續）作者作者少於等於二位少於等於二位時，每次均需呈現一或二位時，每次均需呈現一或二位

作者。作者。李李 ×× ×× (2002)(2002) 與陳與陳 ×× ×× (2001)(2001) 或或 (( 李李 ×× ×× ，， 20022002 ;;

陳陳 ×× ×× ，， 2001) 2001)

　李　李 ×× ×× 和陳和陳 ×× ×× (2002) (2002) 或或 (( 李李 ×× ×× 和陳和陳 ×× ×× ，， 2002) 2002)

作者作者多於等於三位而少於等於五位多於等於三位而少於等於五位時，於文內時，於文內第一次第一次出現時，列出全部作者，出現時，列出全部作者，第二次第二次以後出以後出現則以現則以第一位作者及等第一位作者及等代替。代替。

作者作者多於等於六位多於等於六位時，從時，從第一次第一次只需列出第一只需列出第一位作者，其他作者以等代替。但是，在參考文位作者，其他作者以等代替。但是，在參考文獻處需列出所有作者。獻處需列出所有作者。

文獻引用 (reference citations)

作者是團體組織時，第一次將全名稱逐作者是團體組織時，第一次將全名稱逐字列出，之後可採縮寫，但容易混淆者，字列出，之後可採縮寫，但容易混淆者，均以全名呈現。　均以全名呈現。　

同一圓括號內，有兩篇或以上作者時，同一圓括號內，有兩篇或以上作者時，順序同參考書目之順序。順序同參考書目之順序。

Blanck, G. (1990). The historical context of Blanck, G. (1990). The historical context of Vygotsky's work: a sociohistorical approach. In Vygotsky's work: a sociohistorical approach. In L. C. Moll (Ed.). L. C. Moll (Ed.). Vygotsky and education: Vygotsky and education: Instructional implication and application of Instructional implication and application of sociohistorical psychology.sociohistorical psychology. New York: New York: Cambridge University Press.Cambridge University Press.

Bogdan, R. & Biklen, S. K. (1982). Bogdan, R. & Biklen, S. K. (1982). Qualitative Qualitative research for education: An introduction to research for education: An introduction to theory and methodtheory and method, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, , Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc. Inc.

Gee, J. P. & Green, J. L. (1998). Discourse Gee, J. P. & Green, J. L. (1998). Discourse analysis, learning, and social practice: a analysis, learning, and social practice: a methodological study. methodological study. Review of Research in Review of Research in Education, 23,Education, 23, 119-169. 119-169.

Meyerson, M., Ford, M., Jones, W. & Ward, M. Meyerson, M., Ford, M., Jones, W. & Ward, M. (1991). Science vocabulary knowledge of third (1991). Science vocabulary knowledge of third and fifth grade students. and fifth grade students. Science Education,Science Education, 7575(4), 419-428. (4), 419-428.

Lemke, J. L. (1991). Lemke, J. L. (1991). Science, semantics, and Science, semantics, and social change.social change. Paper presented at annual Paper presented at annual meeting of the American Educational Research meeting of the American Educational Research Association (Chicago, IL, 1991). (ERIC Association (Chicago, IL, 1991). (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 334 Document Reproduction Service No. ED 334 828) 828)

林崇熙（林崇熙（ 19961996 ）：從革命到被革命）：從革命到被革命──科學家科學家何以不願科學研究來研究科學。何以不願科學研究來研究科學。當代，當代， 126126 ，，18-3318-33 。。

林曉雯（林曉雯（ 19941994 ）：）：國中生物教師教學表徵國中生物教師教學表徵的詮釋性研究的詮釋性研究。國立臺灣師範大學科學教育。國立臺灣師範大學科學教育研究所博士論文研究所博士論文 (( 未出版未出版 )) 。。

鄒理民譯鄒理民譯 (P. L. Berger & T. Luckmann(P. L. Berger & T. Luckmann 著著 ))（（ 19911991 ）：）：知識社會學知識社會學── 社會實體的建構社會實體的建構。。臺北：巨流圖書公司。臺北：巨流圖書公司。

黃瑞琴（黃瑞琴（ 19911991 ）：）：質的教育研究法質的教育研究法。台北：。台北：心理出版社。心理出版社。

郭重吉（郭重吉（ 19881988 ）：從認知的觀點探討自然）：從認知的觀點探討自然科學的學習。科學的學習。教育學院學報。教育學院學報。 1313 ，， 351-379351-379 。。

apa style 花蓮師院科教所李暉老師統整. general format for book or edited book (...

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