appendix 3: methodologies, research strategies and research...

DigitalTechnologyAdoptioninNorthernandRemoteIndigenousCommunitiesinCanada

Appendix3:Methodologies,ResearchStrategiesand

ResearchQuestions

PreparedforInnovation,ScienceandEconomicDevelopmentCanada(ISED)

March31,2016

First Mile Connectivity Consortium (FMCC)

DigitalTechnologyAdoptioninNorthernandRemoteIndigenousCommunities:Appendix3:Methodologies,ResearchStrategiesandResearchQuestions,March31,2016

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TableofContents

Methodologiesandresearchinstrumentstobetested..........................................................92

1. Methodologiestobetested...................................................................................................93

1.1Focusgroupwithvideoconference:..........................................................................................93

1.2.Onlinesurveyofcommunitymembers:....................................................................................93

1.3Onlineleadershipsurvey:...........................................................................................................94

1.4Questionnaireadministeredinschools:.....................................................................................94

2. Othermethodologiestoconsiderforfuturestudies...............................................................95

2.1Randomsampletelephonesurvey:............................................................................................95

2.2Targetedtelephonesurvey:........................................................................................................95

2.3On-sitehouseholdsurvey:..........................................................................................................96

Researchquestions...............................................................................................................96


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Methodologiesandresearchinstrumentstobetested OurresearchactivitieswillfollowtheOCAPandresearchethicsguidelinesdiscussedearlierinthisreport.WeintendtofollowfieldresearchguidelinesinIndigenouscommunitiesthatinclude:seekingtheirpermissiontocollectinformation,involvingcommunitymembersintheresearchprocess,respectingtheirconcernsaboutthecontentaftertheirreviewofthematerial,andthedistributionofthefindings.WenotethatmanynortherncommunityleadershaveexpressedfrustrationaboutthequalityofInternetconnectionsandservicesintheircommunities.Theymayviewparticipationinthispilotstudyasanopportunitytomaketheneedsandconcernsoftheircommunitiesknown,buttheymayalsobeskepticalaboutaresearchactivitythatmayseemtobeanexerciseratherthanasteptowardrecognizingandaddressingtheirconcerns.Wewilldoourbesttoexplainthecontextofthestudyandtoassureparticipantsthatwewillrespecttheirviews.Wewillalsoguaranteeanonymitytoallparticipants.Further,wenotethatforresearchworkinvolvingIndigenouscommunitiesintheterritories,researchersmustfirstobtainalicense.ForNunavut,aSocialScienceResearchLicenseisrequiredfromtheNunavutResearchInstitute(seehttp://www.nri.nu.ca/research-licencing-applications).AsimilarlicenseisrequiredfromtheAuroraResearchInstituteforresearchintheNorthwestTerritories(seehttp://nwtresearch.com/licensing-research/scientific-research-license).TheNWTrecommendsthatapplicationsbemadeatleastthreemonthsinadvance.TheapplicationforalicenseinvolvespriorapprovalfromtheIndigenouscommunityleadership,forexampleabandcouncilresolution.Itisthereforeunlikelythatwewillbeabletocollectdatafromcommunitiesintheterritoriesforthispilotstudy.WeintendtoworkwithisolatedIndigenouscommunitiesinthreedifferentregionsinordertoincludediversityinculturalandsocio-economiccontexts.Wehavetentativelyidentifiedsomepotentialsitesinthenorthernregionsoftheprovinces,butcannotatthispointspecifythesitesthatwillparticipate,pendingdiscussionswithcommunityleaders.Belowwesuggestthreemethodologiesthatweproposetotestatthispilotphase.Wethendiscussothermethodologiesthatcouldbeappropriateforalargerstudy,butcannotbetestedinthisprojectbecauseofthelimitedtimeandbudgetthatmakerestrictionsontravelandcontractingadditionallocalresearchers.Eachpresentationisproposedasamethodthatcanbereplicatedinothercommunities.Reliability(accuracyofresults)mayvaryandgenerallyrequireslargersamplesthancanbeincludedinthesesmallpilots.Itisimportanttonotethatfindingscannotbegeneralizedtoothercommunitiesorregions,butmayprovideinformationonusageandopinionsthatcouldbefoundinothernorthernIndigenouscommunities.


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1. Methodologiestobetested

1.1Focusgroupwithvideoconference:GiventhebudgetandtimeconstraintsandthefocusoftheresearchonadoptionofdigitaltechnologyinIndigenouscommunities,itisimportanttotestuseofdigitaltechnologiestocollectinformation,wherefeasible.FNECbasedinWendakeQuebecoperatesavideoconferencingnetworkconnectingremotecommunitiesinQuebec.KNET,basedinSiouxLookout,Ontario,alsooperatesavideoconferencingnetworkthatincludesfacilitiesinremoteCreeandOjibwaycommunitiesinnorthernOntario,aswellassomeremotecommunitiesinotherprovinces(seehttp://meeting.knet.ca/mp19/course/view.php?id=15).WeproposetousethistechnologytoconductafocusgroupwithresidentsofanIndigenouscommunitytoaddresstheresearchquestionslistedinthenextsection.FocusgroupswithvideoconferencehavebeensuccessfulwithremoteIndigenouscommunitiesinthepast(Gratton&O’Donnell,2011).Thisapproachwouldrequire:

• Alocalpersonwhowouldagreetoassembleagroupofresidentsaccordingtocriteriaprovided

• Adiscussionprotocolthatwouldincludetheresearchquestions• Discussionleader(s):twomembersofourteam• Recordingofthediscussion• Writtensummaryofresponsesandcomments.

Anadvantageofvideoconferencingisthatitdoesnotrequiretraveltothecommunity.Inaddition,thismethodologycouldbereplicatedinothersiteswithvideoconferencingfacilities.ThismethodcouldalsousesimplersystemssuchasSkypewheresufficientbandwidthisavailable.Therearesomepotentiallimitationstothisapproach.Sitesthatcouldparticipatewouldbelimitedtothosethathavebroadbandandvideoconferencingfacilities.Participantsmaynotrepresentthefullrangeofviewsinthecommunity.Unlessthereisaninterpreter,participationwouldrequireEnglishfluency(andmightexcludesomeelders).1.2.Onlinesurveyofcommunitymembers:Weproposetwooptionsforanonlinesurvey.Thefirstwouldinvolveresidentsinoneormorecommunities.Ifthismethodcannotbeimplementedintheshorttimeframeoftheproject,weproposeconductinganonlinesurveyofcommunityleaders.Fortheonlinesurvey,aquestionnairewouldbemountedonanaccessibleplatformsuchasSurveyMonkey.PotentialparticipantscouldbenotifiedbyFacebookandothersocialmediaandoutreachmechanismssuchascommunityradioannouncementstocompletethesurvey.Alocalcontactresearcherwouldassistandencouragecommunitymemberstoparticipateincompletingtheonlinesurvey.


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AnadvantageofthisapproachisthatitcouldbeexpandedtoreachresidentsacrosstheNorth.Also,anonlinequestionnaireformatwithmultiplechoiceresponseswouldbeautomaticallytabulated.Open-endedquestionswouldalsobeincluded.

“FluidSurveysisanotheroptionforonlinesurveys.TheyareaCanadiancompanyandIconvincedthemtoaddsupportforInuktitutsyllabics.I'verunmultilingualsurveyswiththembeforeandtheyhavegoodanalytictools.”

OanaSpinu,ExecutiveDirector,NunavutBroadbandDevelopmentCorporationThereareseveralchallengestothisapproach.Itwouldexcludepeoplewithoutonlineaccessorskills.However,questionscouldbeincludedtoaskrespondentsiftherearemembersoftheirhouseholdwhodonothaveonlineaccessorcouldnotcompleteanonlinesurvey.Also,thewrittenquestionnairewouldexcludenon-Englishspeakerssuchassomeelders.Obtainingsufficientresponseswillrequiresubstantialoutreacheffortsusingsocialmediaandothermeans,andpossiblyalocalfacilitatortohelpwithcontactsandpublicity.TherearemanyadvantagesbutalsomanypracticalchallengesassociatedwithonlinesurveysinremoteIndigenouscommunities(Beaton,Perley,George&O’Donnell,inpress).1.3Onlineleadershipsurvey:Aquestionnairecouldbeadministeredtoleaderssuchasbandcouncilorsorcommunitycouncilmembers,managersofnonprofitsandlocalbusinesses,teachers,etc.Thequestionswouldbestructuredtoaskaboutdigitalusageandadoptionneedsinthecommunityaswellasusagebythecommunitymembersororganizations.Administrationcouldtaketheformofanonlinequestionnaireortelephonesurvey.Thisapproachcouldprovideinformationfromseveralcommunities,andwouldlikelybemostusefultogainanunderstandingofobservedrequirementsforeffectivelysupportingdigitaladoptionintheIndigenouscommunitiesaswellasperceivedbarriersorlimitationstoaccess.Thismethodologyrequiresidentifyingkeycontactsinselectedcommunities,andmayrequireconsiderablefollow-uptoobtainresponses.Analternativetotheonlinesurveywouldbetoconductatelephonesurvey.1.4Questionnaireadministeredinschools:Aquestionnaireincludingtheresearchquestionscouldbeadministeredtoaseniorgradeorgradesinacommunityschool.Thequestionnairewouldasknotonlyaboutthestudents’Internetusagebutalsoaboutusebyothersintheirhousehold.Itcouldbecombinedwithaquestionnaireforteachersaboutuseinschoolsandcommentsoncommunityaccessanduse.Thismethodwilllikelyrequirepriorwritteninformedconsentbytheparentsfortheirchildrentoparticipateintheresearch.


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Inadditiontotheparents’consent,thisapproachwillrequireagreementbytheschoolandteacher(s)toparticipate.Itdoesnotrequiretraveltothecommunity.Althoughnotasreliableasasurveyofasampleofhouseholds,itallowsforcollectionofhouseholdinformationbyaskingthestudentsaboutfacilitiesandusagebytheirfamilies.StudentsinhighergradeswouldbefluentinEnglish,andfamiliarwithdigitaltechnologies.ThisapproachcouldbereplicatedinschoolsthatagreetoparticipateacrosstheNorth.Aversionofthisapproach–inwhichstudentsbroughtthequestionnairehomefortheirparentstocomplete–hasbeenusedsuccessfullyinthepast(Lockhart,Tenasco,Whiteduck&O’Donnell,2014).

2. OthermethodologiestoconsiderforfuturestudiesSeveralotherfieldresearchmethodologiescouldbeusedtogatherinformationaboutInternetuseandITadoptionintheNorth.However,theyrequiremoreresourcesintermsoffundsandtimethanareavailableforthisproject.Examplesinclude:2.1Randomsampletelephonesurvey:Atelephonesurveycouldbeconductedinseveralregions.Thetypicalapproachistodrawarandomsampleoftelephonenumbersfromanexistingdatabase.ThiswasthemethodusedinastudyofInternetusageinIndigenousvillagesinSouthwestAlaska(Hudson,2012b).Aswiththepreviousmethodsdiscussed,itdoesnotrequiretraveltocommunities.Atelephonesurveycanalsopossibletocollectresponsesfromalargesampleinacommunityorcommunities,oracrossaregion.However,telephonesurveyscanbeexpensiveintermsoftimetakentoconductinterviewsandtrainingforinterviewers.IncludingeldersinsomeregionscouldrequireavailabilityofinterviewersfluentinIndigenouslanguages.Also,iflandlinetelephonenumbersarenotavailableinapublicdatabase,itmaybedifficultorexpensivetoobtainthem.Inaddition,ifasignificantpercentageofnorthernresidentsnowuseonlymobilephones,itwouldbedifficulttoobtainadatabaseofnumbers(mobilephonenumbersaretypicallynottiedtospecificcommunitiesorlistedinadirectory).2.2Targetedtelephonesurvey:Thisapproachrequirescontactingspecificcommunitymembersororganizationsthatcanprovideresponsesabouttheirownuse,andmaybeabletoprovideinformationaboutotheruseintheircommunities:e.g.bandorcommunitycouncil,localbusinessesandco-ops,non-profitorganizations,governmentoffices,schools,libraries,nursingstations,etc.Thismethodwasusedinthe“AfterBroadband”studyinSouthwestAlaska(Hudson2015b).Thisapproachmaybemostusefulingatheringinformationaboutinstitutionalusesandidentifyingadoptionissuesfordigitaltechnologiesforlocalgovernance,businesses,non-profit


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organizations,etc.Advantagesarethatitdoesnotrequiretraveltocommunities,andrequiresasmallersamplethanahouseholdsurvey.Also,itdoesnotrequireaccesstoalargedatabaseoftelephonenumbers;however,itdoesrequireanaccuratecontactlist.Theinterviewswithleadersandmanagerswouldnotyielddetailedinformationabouthouseholds.Also,thesmallandtargetedsamplewouldgenerateresultsthatmaynotbegeneralizable.Responsesaretypicallynoteasilycodedintoanelectronicformwhiletheinterviewisbeingconducted,andrequirewrittennotesonanswerstoquestionsthatwouldthenneedtobesummarized.2.3On-sitehouseholdsurvey:Thismethodrequireshiringandtraininglocalinterviewersand/orsendingtrainedinterviewersintocommunities.Astandardinterviewprotocolcouldbeusedinmultiplecommunitiesinseveralregionstoallowforcomparison.Thismethodologycouldyieldhighlyreliableandcomparableresultsifinterviewersaretrainedinsamplingandrecordingresponsesaccurately.ItcouldalsoprovidefieldresearchexperienceforhighschooloruniversitystudentsfromtheNorth.Thistrainingcouldprovideresearchandinterviewingexpertiseincommunitiesthatcouldbeusedfortheirownresearchinitiatives.Thismethodhasbeenusedsuccessfullyinthepast(McMahon,Whiteduck&TimiskamingFirstNation,2015).Thisapproachwouldrequiretherecruitment,trainingandsupervisionoftheinterviewers.Trainingcouldpossiblybedoneonline,butmightrequireaface-to-faceworkshop.Asupervisorwouldlikelyneedtotraveltoeachcommunity.Atablet-basedprotocolcouldbedeveloped;otherwise,itwouldbenecessarytotranscribetheresultscollectedonpaperforms.

Researchquestions Theapproachtofieldresearchinthispilotstudyfollowsthemultilevelanalysisdiscussedintheliteraturereview,namelyquestionsthataddressthefollowingfactorsthatcouldinfluenceadoptionandusageoftheInternet,communicationtechnologies,andbroadbandincluding:• Communitymembers/Householdfactors• Community-levelfactors• ITInfrastructuresupportingadoptionAdoptionofdigitaltechnologies,includingInternetusage,generallyrequires:• Availability:Facilities(e.g.equipmentandconnectivity)mustbeavailabletothepotential

user.Theusermusthaveaccesstoadevicesuchaslaptopcomputer,tablet,smartphone,etc.aswellassufficientbandwidthfortheirdesiredapplications.Asnotedintheliteraturereviewandsummaryofsources,therearenumerousIndigenouscommunitiesinthenorthwherefixedconnectivityspeedsarebelowcurrentCanadiantargets.MobilespeedsaregenerallyalsoconsiderablyslowerinthenorththanintherestofCanada.Datacapscreate


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self-censoringaspeoplearechallengedtostaybelowthemonthlymaximumdatausage.ManyoftheremoteIndigenouscommunitiesincludedinthisstudyarearemainunservedbymobile/cellularproviders.

• Affordability:Asdiscussedearlierintheliteraturereview,usersoftheInternetandbroadband(whereavailable)citethecostofbeingonlineasabarrierorrestrainttouse.Thesecoststypicallyconsistofmonthlychargesplusadditionalchargesforexceedingdownloadcaps.Indicesofaffordabilitycanbeconstructedusingdataonincomeandconnectivityprices,asshowninouranalysisofdemographicandconnectivitysources.However,itisalsoimportanttogatherinformationfromusersconcerningtheirneedsforappropriatepricingontheiruseofavailabledigitaltechnologiesandthosethattheywishtoseemadeavailabletothem.Again,capsonthemaximummonthlydatatransfersinfluenceshowandwhatpeopleareusingtheirdigitalequipment.

Inrecentyears,thepriceofdevicestoaccesstheInternet(suchascomputers,tablets,andmobilephones)hasnotbeencitedasasignificantdeterrenttoaccess.However,userswillalsobeaskedwhetherthepriceofthesedevicesisabarrier,andifso,howtheydoobtainaccesstothem–suchasthroughacommunityaccesslocationorfromotherfamilymembersorfriends.

• Skillsandsupportforeffectiveuseofdigitaltechnologies:Somestudiesofthosewithoutaccesstodigitaltechnologiescitelackofskillsasaperceivedbarriertousage.TheseskillsmayrefertobasicunderstandingofhowtouseapersonalcomputerorhowtoaccesstheInternet,aswellasskillsforwebsearches,andhowtousepopularapplicationssuchasSkype,cloudbasedapplications,etc.Thesealsorefertousingthetechnologieseffectivelytomeettheneedsofthecommunitymembers,whichcouldalsoinvolvelevelsofinformalsupportthatmayormaynotbeavailableinthecommunity.

• Relevantcontentand/orapplications:Somestudieshavealsoidentifiedperceivedlackofrelevantcontentasareasonfornon-adoption.Ingeneral,respondentsmaythinkthattheydonotneedtheinformationorconnectionsaffordedbybeingonline,and/orthatthecontenttheycanfindisnotrelevanttothem–suchaslackofcontentaboutthenorth,lackofcontentinIndigenouslanguages,etc.Theymayalsostatethatothersourcesorservicesprovidetheinformationtheyneed,suchasnewspapers,radioandTV,andinformationfromfamily,friends,and/orcommunityorganizations(Hudson,2012b).

Thefollowingsectionlistsresearchquestionsandexamplesofspecificitemstobeincluded.Wherefeasible,standardwordingsuchasusedbytheOECDcouldbeadopted.Itshouldbenotedthattheinformedconsentformassociatedwiththeresearchprotocolwillincludetheinformationthatrespondentsmaychoosenottorespondtoanyofthesequestions.Foronlinesurveys,thiswilltaketheformofanintroductorystatementdescribingtheresearch


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beingundertaken,whowillhaveaccesstotheinformation,whatitwillbeusedfor,andtheyareabletostopcompletingthequestionsatanytime.TogainanunderstandingofdemographicfactorsthatmayinfluenceInternetuseandopinions,respondentswillbeaskedtoprovide:• agerange(e.g.under15,15-20,21-30,31-40,41-50,over50,etc.);• gender;• educationattainment;• residentcommunity;• ethnicself-identification.Researchquestionsthataddressfactorsrelatedtodigitaltechnologyadoption:Availabilityreferstothequestionof“levelofInternetaccessindifferentcommunities”inthescopeofwork,andisaddressedprimarilyinourreviewofexistingsourcesonInternetandbroadbandcoverage.Thisquestioncanalsobeincludedinourfieldresearchtoincludequalityofservice,whichisaproblemfrequentlycitedinCRTCtestimonyandothersources.Questionsthataddressqualityofserviceinclude:• Speed:usersmaynotknowactualspeed,butwillbeaskedwhetherspeedisadequateto

carryoutapplicationssuchasaccessingwebsites,cloud-basedservices,popularapplicationssuchasSkype,streamingaudio,streamingvideo,socialmedia,postingpicturesandvideomaterial,etc.

• Latency:respondentswillbeaskediftheynoticedelaysthataffecttheirabilitytousecontentorapplications(particularlyrelevantinsatellite-servedcommunities).

• Reliability:respondentswillbeaskedaboutinconsistenciesinserviceincludingvariationsinspeed,droppedconnections,outages,etc.

• InternetServiceProvider:WhoisthelocalprovideroftheInternetservice?HowdoyouaccesstheInternet?

AvailabilitycanalsoincludeinformationonwherepeopleinthecommunityusetheInternet:• Devices:RespondentswillbeaskedwhichdevicestheyusetoaccesstheInternet:e.g.laptop

computer,desktopcomputer,tablet,smartphone,etc.Iftheyusemultipledevices,theywillbeaskedtoestimatewhatpercentageofusageisspentoneachdevice,andtoexplainchoiceofdevices(e.g.mobilephoneisnot“fastenough”forsomeapplications;computersareavailableonlyatschoolorlibrary,etc.)

• Location:RespondentswillbeaskedwheretheyaccesstheInternet:athome,atschool,atacommunityorganization,alibrary,apublicaccesssite,atwork,throughoutthecommunity(ifusingmobile)etc.Asnotedintheliteraturereview,publicaccesslocationshavebeencitedasparticularlyimportantfornorthernresidents.Also,therearemajorpolicyimplicationsintermsofwirelessbroadbandavailabilityandpricingformobiledevicesiftheyaretobeusedforInternetaccess.


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Repairsandtrouble-shooting:Respondentswillbeaskedifwhereandwhotheygotowhentheyareexperiencingproblemssuchas:• Needtorepairequipmentsuchascomputers,network,smartphone,tablet,etc.• Accesstoassistancewithsoftwareorotherproblemssuchasviruses.• Gettingtheirhomeorbusinessconnectionestablishedandthentroubleshootingitwhen

thereareproblems.• Maintainingthelocalnetworkandensuringagoodonlineexperience.• Purchasingdigitalequipmentandsoftware.

AffordabilityisaddressedinsomeofthesourcesweciteonincomelevelsacrosstheNorth.Itwillalsobeaddressedinfieldquestionssuchas:• Howmuchrespondentspaypermonthfortheirsubscriptions.• Ifrespondentspayextraiftheyexceeddatacaps,etc.,andtypicallyhowmuch.• Whetherusersfeelthatpricingisahindrancetotheamountofusageand/orthetypesof

applicationstheywanttouse.• Whethertheythinkpricingaffectsusagebyotherstheyknowinthecommunity.Skillsrefertotheabilitytousethedigitaltechnology.Typically,youngpeopleareconfidentinknowinghowtousecomputersorotherdevices.Thiscomponentofaccessmaybemorerelevantforelders,whomaychoosenottousetheInternetormayrelyonyoungermembersoftheirfamilyorhousehold.Respondentswillbeasked:• Whethertheyfeeltheyhaveskillsnecessarytogetonline.• Whethertheyareabletousevariousapplicationssuchasemail,socialnetworking,finding

informationonwebsites,otherpopularapplicationssuchasSkype.• Iftrainingisavailableinthecommunityandwheremighttheygetthetrainingtheydesire.• Iftheyknowofpeopleintheirhouseholdorthecommunitywhodonothavethenecessary

skillstousetheInternet.Content/Applications:Respondentswillbeaskedwhatkindsofcontent/applicationstheyuse,e.g.:• socialmedia• videoconferencingsuchasSkype• ecommercesitesforonlineshopping,banking,etc.• egovernmentsitesforgovernmentinformation,licenses,taxes,etc.• websitesforlocal,regional,nationalandinternationalnews,otherinformation• audiostreaming• videostreaming• work-relatedapplications,etc.• postimagesandvideos,sendemail,shareinformationonablog• theirownwebsitetoshareinformation


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MassMedia:ItisimportanttounderstandtheroleofmassmediaaswellastheInternetasinformationsourcesfornortherners,suchasnewspapersinEnglish/French,newspapersinlocallanguages,communityradio,networkradio,television.Questionswillbeincludedonhowrespondentsgetinformationabout:• theircommunity• theirregion• therestofCanada,etc.• othersourcesofinformation(friends,socialmedia,localwebsite,etc.)• otherservicestheywouldliketoseeprovided.Experiencesinusingdigitaltechnologiesintheircommunity:Identifyinghowcommunitymembersinteractwithlocalorganizationsandservicesthatusedigitaltechnologies.Questionsaboutdigitaltechnologyadoptioninlocalandregionalorganizationswillbeasked,suchas:• School:Samplequestionsmightinclude:HowdothestudentsusetheInternetinthe

community?Aretherechangesrequiredtoimprovestudentlearningexperiences?Dotheteachersusethedigitalequipment?Howmuch?Whatneedstochangeattheschool?Othercommentsaboutthelocalstudentsexperienceintheuseofdigitaltechnologiesattheschool.

• OtherEducationandTraining:Samplequestionsmightinclude:Haveyouoranyoneyouknowtakenanyonlinecoursesorparticipatedinsomeonlinetrainingusingvideoconferencingoronline?Whatworkedwell?Werethereanyareasthatneedtochangeorbeimprovedupontomakethatlearningexperiencebetter?Anyothercommentsaboutdoingonlinetraininginyourcommunity?

• InformalLearning:Samplequestionsmightinclude:Wheredoyougotofindinformationortolearnadifferentskill?WhatarelocalpeoplesharingwhoareusingtheInternettoteachotherpeople?Whatothersharingishappeningthatyouhavebeeninvolvedwithonline?Arethereothercommentsaboutsharingandlearningonline.

• Bankingandunbankedstatus,creditcardownership,andoverallaccesstobankservicesinfluencedone’sabilitytosetuphomeInternetservices.

• Indigenouslanguageandscriptuse.DorespondentsknowhowtoinputInuktitutsyllabics?Dotheyavoidcertainapplications/devicesbecausetheydonotsupportsyllabicscripts(theyarenotavailableonAndroidmobiledevices).

• Businesses:Samplequestionsmightinclude:Whichlocalbusinessesareusingdigitaltechnologiestosupporttheiroperation?Whatsuggestionsorideasareneededforhelpinglocalbusinessesandorganizationstousedigitaltechnologies?HowistheInternetbeingusedfortourisminyourcommunity?WhatdoyousellontheInternet?Arethereother


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businessesorservicesthatyouwouldliketoseeinyourcommunity,thatrequirethesedigitaltools?Anyothercomments?

• Healthcare:Samplequestionsmightinclude:Howisthelocalhealthcarecentreusingdigitaltechnologiesindeliveringservicesinyourcommunity?Haveyouordoyouknowsomeonewhohasbeenhelpedwiththesetechnologiesinyourcommunity?How?Howwouldyouliketoseethesedigitaltechnologiesusedforhealthcareinyourcommunity?Anyothercommentsaboutsupportingandimprovinghealthcareservicesusingthesetechnologies?

• Timepermittingsimilarquestionswillbeaskedforcommunityleadershipandadministrationprograms,justiceservices(policing),accesstoinformation(libraries),entertainment,andotherorganizationsorservicesavailableintheseremoteIndigenouscommunities.Whatotherservicesororganizationsareneededinyourcommunity?

• Jobs:Samplequestionsmightinclude:Whatotherjobsoremploymentopportunitiesrequiredtosupportpeopletousethesedigitaltechnologiesinyourcommunity?

• Personalexperiences:Samplequestionsmightinclude:AskingrespondentshowtheyaredoingthingsnowthattheycouldnotdobeforetheInternetwasavailable?

Closed-endresponsesunderthistopiccanbefollowedwithprobes,suchas:• Ifyes,arethereofanyexamplesyoumightshare?

Thesequestionscanbeposedtoallrespondents,butmaybestbeaddressedinfocusgroupsand/orleadershipsurveysasdescribedabove.

appendix 3: methodologies, research strategies and research...

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