arab-israeli conflict chapter 28 section 2. conflict over palestine after wwi and the break up of...
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Arab-Israeli ConflictChapter 28 Section 2
Conflict over Palestine
After WWI and the break up of the Ottoman Empire, Britain had control over Arab Palestine
However, it was not a British colony
Jews had been forced from Palestine by the Romans more than 1900 years before
They dreamed of returning to Palestine and establishing a homeland for all JewsThis was known as the Zionist movement
ZionismAnti-Semitism (hatred of Jews) was wide spread in Europe (even before the Holocaust)
As a result, European Jews began migrating to Palestine to escape the violenceTheodor Herzl encouraged even more Jews to move to Palestine
Asked British, and other European nations, to support their movement
British issues the Balfour Declaration which stated: (See pg 587)
Britain favors the establishment of a home for Jews in Palestine as long as nothing is done to non-Jewish settlements already there
Arab ResponsePalestinians want own independent state
More Arabs and Christians lived in Palestine than Jews
As anti-Semitism increased in Europe, more Jews moved to Palestine and bought land from the Arabs
How did the buying up of land lead to more conflict between the Jews and Arabs? (see pg 588)
Jews bought farmland and the Arabs that worked the land were now homeless and unskilled. They rose up against the Jews
Founding of Israel
After WWII, more Jewish refugees flee to Palestine for safety
Determined to establish state where Jews can live in safetyPalestinians opposed the arrival of the Jews
They didn’t want to lose their homeland because of the anti-Semitism in Europe
Britain withdraws its authority from Palestine; control is returned to the United Nations
Partition and WarThe UN decides to partition (split) Palestine into an Arab state (Palestine) and Jewish state (Israel)
Israel declares its independence
Is recognized my major world powers, including the USArab nations refuse to recognize Israel WHY? (see pg 616)
Israel is the creation of western powers who wanted to continue
Partition and War
Arab nations declare war on Israel
Israel wins and gains control of ½ the land set aside for the Arab stateEgypt gains control of the Gaza StripJordan takes the rest of Palestine
Summary
Why was the state of Israel created?
Do you think Israel should exist for this reason?
Palestinian Refugees
During and after the war, hundreds of thousands of Palestinian refugees fled Palestine
Many settled in refugee camps set up in nearby Arab nations
Supposed to be temporary; became permanent
Arab and Palestinian leaders didn’t want to abandon the camps WHY? (see pg 617)
Thought it would show they were willing to give up a Palestinian homeland
Continued Conflict
Three other wars have occurred (1956, 1967, 1973)
Six Day War (1967)Israel wins, gains:
Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from EgyptGolan Heights from SyriaWest Bank from JordanEast Jerusalem from Arabs
Called occupied territories
YES-NO-WHY
Israel should return the lands gained during the 1967 war.
The Cold War
Between the US and SUUS supported IsraelSU supported Arab states
Both provide money and weapons to their alliesNeither US or SU pushed their allies to work on peace
The PLOPalestinian leaders formed the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964 WHY? (see pg 617-618)
Reclaim Palestine and destroy Israel
PLO doesn’t just fight Israel, but also those nations that support Israel
Have struck against the US (hijackings)Israel responds with reprisals against the PLO
Reprisal: forceful act in response to injury
Struggle to Achieve Peace
Arab nations refuse to negotiate with Israel
Support terrorist effortsCall for Israel’s destruction
Israel doesn’t want an Arab stateThreatens their security
Egypt, an Arab nation, has signed a peace treaty with Israel
Palestinian Uprising
Difficult Issues• Palestinians• Want own homeland• Believe Jews shouldn’t
live in occupied territories
• Palestinians want Jerusalem to be the capital of Palestine
• Want Palestinians who fled during the wars to be allowed to return
• Don’t want Jewish settlements in West Bank, Gaza, and East Jerusalem
Israelis• Refuse to negotiate due to terrorist activities• Encourage Jews to live in occupied territories; it’s their historic right• Jerusalem is the capital of Israel• Don’t want Palestinians who fled to return; afraid they will overwhelm Israel
Oslo Accords
In 1993, Israel and Palestine agree to recognize one another
PLO promises to stop attacking IsraelIsrael agrees to withdraw troops from occupied areasThe Palestinian Authority is created
Acted as the government for Palestinians
Yassir Arafat becomes the leader
New Uprisings
Peace talks stalledPalestinians attacked military and civilian targets
Used suicide bombersIsrael responds by invading Palestinian-ruled areas
Attack Palestinians, including civilians
Increased the fighting between the two groups
YES-NO-WHY
The Israelis and Palestinians will reach a peace agreement.
Assignment
If there is a peace agreement, what should each side receive as a result? Be sure to explain why you believe this is a fair peace plan. Don’t forget to examine the difficult issues facing both sides.