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Supplementary information

Social impact assessment in the mining sector: Review and comparison of indicators frameworks

Lucia Mancini1, Serenella Sala2

1 European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate D: Sustainable Resources, Land Resources Unit2 European Commission Joint Research Centre, Directorate D: Sustainable Resources, Bio-Economy Unit

Content

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1. Sample of studies selected for the review: main features.............................................................2

2. Global Reporting Initiative Indicators............................................................................................3

3. Comparisons of the reference list of impacts with indicators frameworks used in sustainability analysis................................................................................................................................................8

References.........................................................................................................................................22

1

1. Sample of studies selected for the review: main features

Figure 1 Features of the sample of studies selected for the literature review

2

2. Global Reporting Initiative IndicatorsTable 1S: Overview of social indicators included in the Global Reporting Initiative scheme (Global Reporting Initiative, 2013a, 2013b) and correspondent impacts from the literature review

ASPECT GRI INDICATORS (and codes) Sector Specific Indicator

Correspondent impact from literature review (abbreviation, as in table1 )

SUB-CATEGORY: LABOUR PRACTICES AND DECENT WORKEmployment G4-LA1 Total number and rates of new employee hires and employee

turnover by age group, gender, and regionI8 Employment

G4-LA2 Benefits provided to full-time employees that are not provided to temporary or part-time employees, by significant locations of operation

I8 Employment

G4-LA3 Return to work and retention rates after parental leave, by gender I8 EmploymentLabour/Management Relations

G4-LA4 Minimum notice periods regarding operational changes, including whether these are specified in collective agreements MM4 Number of strikes and lock-outs exceeding one week’s duration, by country

x I11 Child/forced labourI12 Lack of freedom

Occupational Health and Safety

G4-LA5 Percentage of total workforce represented in formal joint management–worker health and safety committees that help monitor and advise on occupational health and safety programs

I21 Working conditions

G4-LA6 Type of injury and rates of injury, occupational diseases, lost days, and absenteeism, and total number of work-related fatalities, by region and by gender


G4-LA7 Workers with high incidence or high risk of diseases related to their occupation


G4-LA8 Health and safety topics covered in formal agreements with trade unions


Training and Education

G4-LA9 Average hours of training per year per employee by gender, and by employee category

I9 Skills and education

G4-LA10 Programs for skills management and lifelong learning that support the continued employability of employees and assist them in managing career endings

I9 Skills and education

G4-LA11 Percentage of employees receiving regular performance and career development reviews, by gender and by employee category

Diversity and Equal Opportunity

G4-LA12 Composition of governance bodies and breakdown of employees per employee category according to gender, age group, minority group membership, and other indicators of diversity

I27 Discrimination

Equal Remuneration for Women and Men

G4-LA13 Ratio of basic salary and remuneration of women to men by employee category, by significant locations of operation

I27 Discrimination

Supplier Assessment for Labour Practices

G4-LA14 Percentage of new suppliers that were screened using labor practices criteria

G4-LA15 Significant actual and potential negative impacts for labour practices in the supply chain and actions taken

Labour Practices Grievance Mechanisms

G4-LA16 Number of grievances about labour practices filed, addressed, and resolved through formal grievance mechanisms

I11 Poor working conditions

3

SUB-CATEGORY: HUMAN RIGHTSInvestment G4-HR1 Total number and percentage of significant investment

agreements and contracts that include human rights clauses or that underwent human rights screening

I24 Human rights

G4-HR2 Total hours of employee training on human rights policies or procedures concerning aspects of human rights that are relevant to operations, including the percentage of employees trained

I24 Human rights

Non-discrimination

G4-HR3 Total number of incidents of discrimination and corrective actions taken

I27 Discrimination

Freedom ofAssociationand CollectiveBargaining

G4-HR4 Operations and suppliers identified in which the right to exercise freedom of association and collective bargaining may be violated or at significant risk, and measures taken to support these rights

I12 Lack of freedom

Child Labour G4-HR5 Operations and suppliers identified as having significant risk for incidents of child labour, and measures taken to contribute to the effective abolition of child labour

I10 Child/forced labour

Forced or Compulsory Labour

G4-HR6 Operations and suppliers identified as having significant risk for incidents of forced or compulsory labour, and measures to contribute to the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour

I10 Child/forced labour

Security Practices G4-HR7 Percentage of security personnel trained in the organization’s human rights policies or procedures that are relevant to operations

Indigenous Rights G4-HR8 Total number of incidents of violations involving rights of indigenous peoples and actions taken

I28 Indigenous rights

MM5 Total number of operations taking place in or adjacent to indigenous peoples’ territories, and number and percentage of operations or sites where there are formal agreements with indigenous peoples’ communities

x I28 Indigenous rights

Assessment G4-HR9 Total number and percentage of operations that have been subject to human rights reviews or impact assessments

I24 Human rights

Supplier Human Rights Assessment

G4-HR10 Percentage of new suppliers that were screened using human rights criteria G4-HR11 Significant actual and potential negative human rights impacts in the supply chain and actions taken

Human Rights Grievance Mechanisms

G4-HR12 Number of grievances about human rights impacts filed, addressed, and resolved through formal grievance mechanisms

SUB-CATEGORY: SOCIETYLocal Communities

G4-SO1 Percentage of operations with implemented local community engagement, impact assessments, and development programs

I26 Stakeholder inclusion

G4-SO2 Operations with significant actual or potential negative impacts on local communities

I16 Expropriation/ displacementI17 Access to land

MM6 Number and description of significant disputes relating to land use, customary rights of local communities and indigenous peoples

x I16 Expropriation/ displacementI17 Access to land

MM7 The extent to which grievance mechanisms were used to resolve disputes relating to land use, customary rights of local communities and indigenous peoples, and the outcomes

x I16 Expropriation/ displacementI17 Access to land

Anti-corruption G4-SO3 Total number and percentage of operations assessed for risks related to corruption and the significant risks identified

I3 Bribery

G4-SO4 Communication and training on anti-corruption policies and procedures

I3 Bribery

G4-SO5 Total number and percentage of operations assessed for risks related to corruption and the significant risksidentified

I3 Bribery

Public Policy G4-SO6 Total value of political contributions by country and recipient/beneficiary

4

Anti-competitive behaviour

G4-SO7 Total number of legal actions for anti-competitive behaviour, anti-trust, and monopoly practices and their outcomes

Compliance G4-SO8 Monetary value of significant fines and total number of non-monetary sanctions for non-compliance with laws and regulations

Sector addition to G4 indicator

Supplier Assessment for Impacts on Society

G4-SO9 Percentage of new suppliers that were screened using criteria for impacts on society G4-SO10 Significant actual and potential negative impacts on society in the supply chain and actions taken

Grievance Mechanisms for Impacts on Society

G4-SO11 Number of grievances about impacts on society filed, addressed, and resolved through formal grievance mechanisms

I6 Social tensions

Emergency Preparedness*

This sector specific Aspect does not contain Indicators

Artisanal and Small-scale Mining*

MM8 Number (and percentage) of company operating sites where artisanal and small-scale mining (asm) takes place on, or adjacent to, the site; the associated risks and the actions taken to manage and mitigate these risks

x Key issue: Artisanal and small-scale and mining

Resettlement* MM9 Sites where resettlements took place, the number of households resettled in each, and how their livelihoods were affected in the process

x I16 Expropriation/displacement

Closure Planning*

MM10 Number and percentage of operations with closure plans Key issue: Mine closure

Materials Stewardship*

This sector specific Aspect does not contain Indicators.

SUB-CATEGORY: PRODUCT RESPONSIBILITYCustomer Health and Safety

G4PR1 Percentage of significant product and service categories for which health and safety impacts are assessed for improvement G4PR2 Total number of incidents of non-compliance with regulations and voluntary codes concerning the health and safety impacts of products and services during their life cycle, by type of outcomes G4PR3 Type of product and service information required by the organization’s procedures for product and service information and labelling, and percentage of significant product and service categories subject to such information requirements G4PR4 Total number of incidents of non-compliance with regulations and voluntary codes concerning product and service information and labelling, by type of outcomes G4PR5 Results of surveys measuring customer satisfactionG4PR6 Sale of banned or disputed products

G4PR7 Total number of incidents of non-compliance with regulations and voluntary codes concerning marketing communications, including advertising, promotion, and sponsorship, by type of outcomes G4PR8 Total number of substantiated complaints regarding breaches of customer privacy and losses of customer data G4PR9 Monetary value of significant fines for non-compliance with laws and regulations concerning the provision and use of products and services

Materials Stewardship*

This sector specific Aspect does not contain Indicators

OTHER INDICATORS IN THE ECONOMY CATEGORY Economic performance

G4EC1 Direct economic value generated and distributed I1 Income

Market Presence G4EC6 Proportion of senior management hired from the local community at significant locations of operation

I5 Low economic stimulus

5

Indirect Economic

Impacts G4EC7 Development and impact of infrastructure investments and services supported

I15 Infrastructures

G4EC8 Significant indirect economic impacts, including the extent of impacts

I2 Business I20 Inflation

*: Sector specific aspects

Table 2S List of studies selected from the literature and their characteristics

N°

Reference Category1 Affiliation2 Typology Geographical area of the study

Commodity Scale of the analysis

1 Azapagic 2004 P A Methodological n.a. n.a. Global2 Kitula 2006 P A Case study Tanzania Gold Local3 Solomon et al. 2008 P A Review Australia n.a. National4 Petkova-Timmer et al. 2009 P A Case study Australia n.a. Local5 Kotey & Rolfe 2014 P A Statistical analysis Australia n.a. Regional6 Fleming & Measham 2015 P A Statistical analysis Australia n.a. Regional7 Owen & Kemp 2015 P A Case study n.a. n.a. Global*8 IIED & WBCSD 2002 R ORI Methodological n.a. n.a. Global

9 Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide 2010 R NGO Methodological n.a. n.a. Global

10 Switzer 2001 R NGO Methodological n.a. n.a. Global11 Franks 2012 R A Methodological n.a. n.a. Global12 Hajkowicz et al. 2011 P ORI Statistical analysis Australia n.a. Regional

13 Esteves 2008 P A Case study Australia and South Africa n.a. Global

14 Tonts et al. 2012 P A Statistical analysis Australia n.a. Regional

15 Freudenburg & Wilson 2002 P A Statistical analysis United States n.a. Regional

16 Langton & Mazel 2015 P A Review Australia n.a. National17 Lockie et al. 2009 P A Case study Australia Coal Local18 Shandro et al. 2011 P A Case study Canada Coal Local19 McIntyre et al. 2016 P A Case study Mongolia Gold National20 Patrick & Bharadwaj 2016 P A Case study Peru n.a. Local21 Abuya 2016 P A Case study Kenya Titanium Local

22 Hilson 2002 P A Case study Papua New Guinea Copper, gold Global

23 Mensah & Okyere 2014 P A Case study Ghana Gold mining Local

24 Holden 2005 P A Case study Philippines Non-ferrous metals National

25 Lahiri-Dutt & Ahmad 2006 P ORI Case study India Coal Local26 Živković 2012 P A Review Serbia Lignite Local27 Kavouridis 2008 P A Review Greece Lignite National

28 Adler et al. 2007 P ORI Historical descriptive analysis South Africa Gold National

29 Weldegiorgis & Ali 2016 P A Statistical analysis Rwanda Tin Local30 Damigos & Kaliampakos 2006 P A Case study Greece Gold Local

31 Macdonald 2004a R NGO Case study Papua New Guinea Gold Local

32 Martin et al. 2005 R NGO Case study Philippines Gold and copper

Local

33 Macdonald & Southall 2005 R NGO Case study Philippines Copper Local34 Martin & Newell 2008 R NGO Case study Philippines Polymetallic Local35 Macdonald 2004b R NGO Case study Fiji Gold Local36 Veiga et al., 2001 P A Case study various Copper, etc Global*37 Wilson, 2004 P A Case study USA Copper, Lead Regional38 Aroca 2001 P A Statistical analysis Chile Copper Local

1 P: journal paper; R: report; O: other2 A: academic; NGO: Non-governmental organizations; ORI: other research institutes

6

39 Ejdemo & Söderholm 2011 P A Statistical analysis Sweden Iron ore Local40 Ivanova & Rolfe 2011 P A Statistical analysis Australia Coal Regional41 Kumah, 2006 P A Review Ghana Gold Global42 Stilwell et al., 2000 P A Statistical analysis South Africa Gold, coal National43 Corno and de Walque, 2012 O ORI Statistical analysis South Africa n.a. National44 Ticci and Escobal, 2015 Report A Statistical analysis Peru n.a. Regional45 Oyarzún and Oyarzún, 2011 P A Case study Chile Copper National46 Schueler et al., 2011 P A Case study Ghana Gold Local47 Jul-Larsen et al., 2006 report ORI Case study Mali Gold Regional48 Aragon and Rud, 2013 P A Case study Peru Gold Local49 Petrova and Marinova, 2013 O A Case study Australia n.a. Local50 MPFPR, 2016 R ORI Case study various n.a. Global*

7

3. Comparisons of the reference list of impacts with indicators frameworks used in sustainability analysis

Table 3S Correspondence of social impacts of mining detected in literature with objectives and indicators proposed in the different frameworks: UN Sustainable Development Goals, Global Reporting Initiative, EU policy (Better Regulation Toolbox, BR, and three impact assessment reports on a: Conflict Minerals; b: Shale Gas; c: Offshore extraction) and Social LCA databases. (*: partially covered aspects; U.D.: under development: NSS: non sector specific; +: sources refer to table 2S numbering)

Impacts in literature review Sources+

International context EU context Social LCA databasesUN SDG GRI BR a b c SHDB PSILCA

Economy, income and security

Positive impacts I1 Contribution to national and

local income; increase in export and GDP; poverty alleviation

2, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 29, 30, 32, 36, 38, 39, 40, 47, 48

1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere8.1 Sustain per capita economic growth in accordance with national circumstances

G4-EC1 Direct economic value generated and distributed

Income distribution and social inclusion

Livelihood in conflict zones

Increase in local economic activities

Contribution of the sector to economic development (U.D.)

I2 Business and employment opportunities in other sectors due to revitalized economy and markets

2, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 29, 30, 32, 36, 38, 39, 40

8.3 Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services

G4-EC8 Significant indirect economic impacts, including the extent of impacts

Employment

Increase in related economic sectors

Positive impacts on tourism and fishery

Negative impacts I3 Bribery (to obtain licences and

permits or to sway judicial decision) and corruption (due

1, 8, 11, 32

16.5 Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms

Aspect: Anti-corruptionG4-SO3

Governance and good administrati

Overall risk of corruption (NSS)

Evidence of an active

8



to bad management of mineral wealth)

Total number and percentage of operations assessed for risks related to corruption and the significant risks identified G4-SO4Communication and training on anti-corruptionpolicies and procedures G4-SO5Confirmed incidents of corruption and actions taken

on involvement of the enterprises in corruption and bribery

I4 Thefts and accidents in the mining community

2 16. Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies

- Crime, terrorism and security

I5 Income inequality, low level of economic stimulus from mining due to the prevalence of non-resident workers

4, 6, 40, 42, 47

10. Reduce inequality within and among countries

G4-EC6* Proportion of senior management hired from the local community at significant locations of operation

Impacts on income distribution and inequalities

International migrant workers in the sector

Work force hired locally (U.D.)

I6 Conflicts and social tensions due to the inequitable distribution of benefits and costs with communities or to limited access to resources; conflicts between companies and illegal miners; politically motivated killings of anti-

8, 10, 21, 28, 29, 31, 34, 41, 45,

16.1 Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere

G4-SO11* Number of grievances about impacts on society filed, addressed, and resolved through formal grievance mechanism

Crime, terrorism and security

Overall risk for high conflicts – increased if risk exists at sector level (partially sector

Risk of conflict with regard to the sector (U.D.)

Descriptio

9



mining activists 46, 50

specific data) n of potential material resource conflict (U.D.)

I7 Adverse economic outcome, increased poverty due to the loss of means of livelihood, government’s failure in reinvesting revenues from mining

5, 29, 34, 41

1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere

G4-EC1* Direct economic value generated and distributed

Income distribution and social inclusion

Risk of sector average wage being < minimum wage

Risk of sector average wage being < non-poverty guidelines

Sector average wage

Employment and education

Positive impacts

I8 Employment (direct and indirect to community and national economy)

1, 4, 11, 12, 17, 22, 29, 32, 36, 39, 40, 47, 48

8.3. Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services

G4-LA1Total number and rates of new employee hires and employee turnover by age group, gender, and region G4-LA2Benefits provided to full-timeemployees that are not provided to temporary or part-timeemployees, by significant locations of operation G4-LA3Return to work and

Employment

EU employment

Jobs related impacts

Work force hired locally (U.D.)

10



retention rates after parental leave, by gender

I9 Employee skill development and further education

1, 12, 36, 38, 44, 47

4.4. By 2030, substantially increase the number of youth and adults who have relevant skills, including technical and vocational skills, for employment, decent jobs and entrepreneurship

G4-LA9 Average hours of training per year per employee by gender, and by employee categoryG4-LA10 Programs for skills management and lifelong learning that support the continued employability of employees and assist them in managing career endings

Education

Negative impacts I10

Child labour, forced and compulsory labour

1, 2, 50

8.7. Take immediate and effective measures to eradicate forced labour, end modern slavery and human trafficking and secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour, including recruitment and use of child soldiers, and by 2025 end child labour in all its forms

G4-HR5 Operations and suppliers identified as having significant risk for incidents of child labour, and measures taken to contribute to the effective abolition of child labourG4-HR6 Operations and suppliers identified as having significant risk for incidents of forced or compulsory labour, and measures to contribute to the elimination of all forms of forced or compulsory labour

Fundamental rights (rights of the child)

Risk of child labour in sector (mostly sector specific data)

Risk of forced labour by sector (mostly sector specific data)

Children in employment

Frequency of forced labour

11



I11

Poor working conditions, low wages, sub-standard housing provided to workers, heath impacts for workers, fatalities and work related accidents

1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 35, 50

8.5. By 2030, achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all women and men, including for young people and persons with disabilities, and equal pay for work of equal value8.8. Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments for all workers, including migrant workers, in particular women migrants, and those in precarious employment

G4-LA5Percentage of total workforce represented in formal joint management–worker health and safety committees that help monitor and advise on occupational health and safety programs G4-LA6Type of injury and rates of injury, occupational diseases, lost days, and absenteeism, and total number of work-relatedfatalities, by region and by gender G4-LA7Workers with high incidence or high risk of diseases related to their occupation G4-LA8Health and safety topics covered in formal agreements with trade unions

Working conditions

Workers health and safety

Risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the sector

Risk of toxic noise levels (NSS)

Risk of occupational carcinogens (NSS)

Risk of occupational airborne particulates (NSS)

Risk of loss of life in the coal mining sector due to airborne particulates

Accident rate at workplace

Fatal accident at workplace (NSS)

Occupational risk (NSS)

DALY due to indoor and outdoor air and water pollution (NSS)

Presence of sufficient security measures

I12

Lack of freedom to organize in Trade Unions and non-conformity with the requirements of the International Labour Organization conventions

1, 50 8.12 By 2020, develop and operationalize a global strategy for youth employment and implement the Global Jobs Pact of the International Labour Organization

MM4 Number of strikes and lock-outs exceeding one week’s duration, by countryG4-HR4 Operations and suppliers identified in which

Fundamental rights (Right of collective bargaining and action)

Risk of not having freedom of association rights/collective bargaining rights/the

Trade union density

Right of association/right of collective

12



the right to exercise freedom of association and collective bargaining may be violated or at significant risk, and measures taken to support these rights

right to strike (NSS)

bargaining/right to strike

I13

Creation of mostly temporary jobs in relation to permanent, low stability of jobs and the workforce

1 8: Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all

- Creation of mostly temporary jobs

I14

Increased unemployment, volatile employment due to dependency on minerals prices

15, 37, 47

8.3. Promote development-oriented policies that support productive activities, decent job creation, entrepreneurship, creativity and innovation, and encourage the formalization and growth of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises, including through access to financial services

- Employment

Risk of unemployment in country/sector (partially sector specific data)

Unemployment rate in the country (NSS)

Land use and territorial aspects Positive impacts I15

Improved infrastructure, telecommunications, road network, power and water supplies, improved access to health and education

2, 11, 12, 22, 29, 32, 36, 38, 47

9.1. Basic infrastructure like roads, information and communication technologies, sanitation, electrical power and water remains scarce in many developing countries 6.1. 2.6 billion people have gained access to improved drinking water sources since 1990, but 663 million people

G4-EC7Development and impact of infrastructure investments and services supported

Risk of no access to an improved source of drinking water/sanitation (NSS)*

Risk that there are too

Drinking water coverage (NSS)

sanitation coverage (NSS)

13



are still without few hospital beds to support population (NSS)*


Expropriation, population displacement and resettlement (and consequent unemployment, landlessness, homelessness, loss of common resources, impoverishment of living standards), forceful acquisition of land

1, 2, 7, 8,

9, 11, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 32, 35, 41, 46, 47, 50

1.4 By 2030, ensure that all men and women, in particular the poor and the vulnerable, have equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to basic services, ownership and control over land and other forms of property, inheritance, natural resources, appropriate new technology and financial services, including microfinance

G4-SO2Operations with significant actual or potential negative impacts on local communitiesMM6 Number and description of significant disputes relating to land use, customary rights of local communities and indigenous peoplesMM7 The extent to which grievance mechanisms were used to resolve disputes relating to land use, customary rights of local communities and indigenous peoples, and the outcomesMM9 Sites where resettlements took place, the number of households resettled in each, and how their livelihoods were affected in the process

Fundamental rights (property rights and right to conduct a business)

Land competition and consequential impact on land price (with twofold effect: increasing trend in the short term, and significant reduction of property and land values in the longer term)

Risk of conflicts with regard to the sector (U.D.) Description of potential material resource conflicts (U.D.)

I17

Limited access to land and consequent impact on livelihood, food insecurity, and loss of protected areas

2, 8, 9, 11,

22, 23, 41, 46, 50

2.3. By 2030, double the agricultural productivity and incomes of small-scale food producers, in particular women, indigenous peoples, family farmers, pastoralists and fishers, including through secure and equal access to land, other productive resources and inputs, knowledge, financial services, markets and opportunities for value addition and non-farm

14



employment

DemographyPositive impacts

I18

Positive impacts due to demographic change and population growth

5, 44, 49


Population growth, migrant influx and gender imbalance in mining communities (and consequential alcoholism, drug and prostitution, domestic violence, sexual violence, change in social norms, culture and customs, migration, high school turnover)

2, 4, 9, 11,

13, 22, 29, 38, 43

I20

Inflation, rising cost and access of accommodation for workers other than mining; long-term population decline, low education levels, highly polarised income levels, dependence on mining for employment, and dominance of unskilled and semi-skilled positions.

4, 11, 13, 17, 22, 29, 31, 47, 48, 49

1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere; 4. Ensure inclusive and quality education for all and promote lifelong learning; 8. Promote inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all

G4-EC8* Significant indirect economic impacts, including the extent of impacts

Environment, health and safety


Reduced water supplies or water contamination, competition with other uses

19, 20, 28,

6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

G4-EN8 Total water withdrawal by sourceG4-EN9 Water

Preserving the quality of natural

Risks of surface and ground

Water damage for marine

Deathsdueto

Level of industrial water use

15



(e.g. agriculture) and increased water scarcity

45 sources significantly affected by withdrawal of waterG4-EN10 Percentage and total volume of water recycled and reused

resources (e.g. water)

water contaminationRisks of water resource depletion

waters indoorandoutdoorairandwaterpollutionAccesstoImprovedDrinkingWater

DALYs due to indoor and outdoor water and air pollutionDrinking water coverage

I22

Negative health impacts in mining community; local population health and safety (e.g. damages caused to dwellings by explosive, mine related injuries during booming mine activities). Impacts related to boom-bust cycles (increases in pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, HIV during bust times, mental health issues such as depression and anxiety; overarching community health issues prominent during both boom and bust periods include burdens to health and social services, family stress, violence towards women, etc.).

1, 18, 22, 29, 31, 33, 34, 38

3.3 By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases; 3.4 By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being; 3.5. Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol; 3.9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination

G4-DMA* Local communities (sector specific aspect)3

Health and safety

Public health

incident reduction (decreasing fatalities and injuries rates)

Set of 15 communicable diseases indicators; risk of mortality from communicable diseases (NSS)

risk of low life expectancy (NSS)

risk of under 5 mortality rate (NSS)

risk of undernourishment (NSS)

risk of 8 different non communicabl

Contribution of the sector to environmental load (U.D.)

3 This aspect does not contain indicators; to address this aspect, the company may use alternative indicators or develop their own indicator

16



e diseases (NSS)

risk of mortality from non-communicable diseases (NSS)

I23

Environmental impacts affecting social conditions and health

2,8, 9, 11,

17, 18, 22, 29, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, 46, 50

3.9. By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination

- Fundamental rights (environmental protection)

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Risk of death due to air and water pollution (NSS)

Level of industrial water use, out of total withdrawal (NSS)

Human rights


Human rights abuses 1, 8, 11, 24, 41, 50

16. Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies

G4-HR1 Total number and percentage of significant investment agreements and contracts that include human rights clauses or that underwent human rights screeningG4-HR2 Total hours of employee training

Fundamental rights (dignity)

17



on human rights policies or procedures concerning aspects of human rights that are relevant to operations, including the percentage of employees trainedG4-HR9 Total number and percentage of operations that have been subject to human rights reviews or impact assessmentsG4-HR10 Percentage of new suppliers that were screened using human rights criteriaG4-HR11 Significant actual and potential negative human rights impacts in the supply chain and actions taken

I25

Impact on cultural and aesthetic resources

9, 11, 22, 31

11.4 Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage

- Cultural heritage

I26

Lack of stakeholder inclusion and non- involvement of indigenous communities, lack of informed consensus and social acceptability

11, 7, 1, 22,

31, 32, 33, 50

16.7 Ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels

G4-SO1Percentage of operations with implemented local community engagement, impact assessments, and development programs

Fundamental rights (Gender equality, equality treatment and opportunities, non

Risk of country not adopting indigenous ILO convention and UN declaration (NSS)

Human rights issues faced by indigenous people (NSS)

18



discrimination; cultural, religious and linguistic diversity)

I27

Unequal opportunities and discrimination (gender based, marginalization vulnerable groups, i.e. disabled, aged, ethnic minorities, indigenous, young)

11, 7, 1, 22,

25

5.1. End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere

G4-HR3 Total number of incidents of discrimination and corrective actions takenG4-LA12 Composition of governance bodies and breakdown of employees per employee category according to gender, age group, minority group membership, and other indicators of diversityG4-LA13 Ratio of basic salary and remuneration of women to men by employee category, by significant locations of operation

Risk of gender inequity by sector

Women in the labour force (U.D.)

Occurrence of discrimination (NSS)

Men in the labour force (NSS)

Gender wage gap

I28

Lack of respect of the rights of indigenous people

1, 22, 24, 50

10.2 By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status

G4-HR8 Total number of incidents of violations involving rights of indigenous peoples and actions takenMM5 Total number of operations taking place in or adjacent to indigenous peoples’ territories, and number and percentage of operations or sites where there are

Risk for indigenous rights infringements by sector (very low data completeness)

Respect of indigenous rights

19



formal agreements with indigenous peoples’ communities

Key issuesSmall-scale and artisanal mining

MM8 Number (and percentage) of company operating sites where artisanal and small-scale mining (asm) takes place on, or adjacent to, the site; the associated risks and the actions taken to manage and mitigate these risks

Mine closure MM10 Number and percentage of operations with closure plans

Social licence to operate Public acceptance issues (due to water and air pollution and to seismic risk)

Others G4-SO8 Monetary value of significant fines and total number of non-monetary sanctions for non-compliance with laws and regulations. (COMPLIANCE)

energy price for final consumer

20

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