Figure S1: An example of GIS based air pollution map – (a) background concentrations of NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) in µg/m3 across Denmark and (b) street concentrations at any of the 2.4 million addresses in Denmark. Example from central Copenhagen is shown (b) [Source: Luften på din

vej/Aarhus University (AU) – Danish Centre for Environment and Energy (DCE), 2017; Jensen et al., 2017]

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Figure S2: An example of GIS based environmental noise pollution map – noise cartography in the Spanish town of Linares. The zones with the highest exposition to noise are purple/red (Source: Image

acquired from Wikipedia, 2017 under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 license)

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No information

Average traffic data with some limitations

Hourly/detailed traffic data

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

2

48

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No. of studies

Nat

ure

of T

raffi

c Dat

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Figure S3: The distribution of selected studies on the basis of nature of traffic data used

No Information

Not included

Included

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

2

11

44

No. of studies

Build

ing

geom

etry

info

rmati

on

Figure S4: The distribution of selected studies on the basis of building geometry information

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Table S1: Search criteria showing combination of keywords used in literature review

Set Keywords

A ”road traffic” AND “air pollution” AND “noise” AND “modelling” AND “exposure” AND “assessment”

B “GIS” AND “road traffic” AND “air pollution” AND “noise” AND “modelling” AND “exposure” AND “assessment”

Search Criteria

Search Engine Set TotalA B

Science Direct 556 108 664PubMed 142 42 194

Total 858See Table 1

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Table S2: Model and methods definitions and their sources/origins; Noise models or methods are marked with *

Model Origin LinkADMS UK http://www.cerc.co.uk/environmental-software/ADMS-model.htmlADMS-Roads UK http://www.cerc.co.uk/environmental-software/ADMS-Roads-model.htmlADMS-Urban UK http://www.cerc.co.uk/environmental-software/ADMS-Urban-model.htmlAERMOD USA https://www3.epa.gov/scram001/dispersion_prefrec.htmAIRGIS Denmark http://envs.au.dk/videnudveksling/luft/model/airgis/AIRVIRO Sweden http://www.smhi.se/airviroCadnaA * Germany http://www.datakustik.com/en/products/cadnaa

CNOSSOS-EU * UK/EU https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/reference-reports/common-noise-assessment-methods-europe-cnossos-eu

CoRTN method * UK http://resource.npl.co.uk/acoustics/techguides/crtn/EASY MAP Czech Republic https://www.easymap.cz/EMPARA Luvotool Netherlands http://www.pbl.nl/sites/default/files/cms/publicaties/550034001.pdfEND method * EU http://ec.europa.eu/environment/noise/directive_en.htmEPISODE Norway http://www.nilu.no/aqm/1m_episode.htmEURAD-CTM Germany http://www.uni-koeln.de/math-nat-fak/geomet/eurad/modell/eurad_descr_e.htmlGDM - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_dispersion_modeling

KCL-Urban UK https://www.kcl.ac.uk/lsm/research/divisions/aes/research/ERG/research-projects/traffic/TRAFFIC-SM-Air-pollution-Model.pdf

LimA * Germany https://www.softnoise.com/pd/predictor.htmlMITHRA-SIG * France http://en.geomod.net/gmd-societe-en/gt-accueil/gt-logiciels-2/mithra-suite/mithra-sig/Nord2000 - Nordic noise prediction method *

Nordic countries

http://eng.mst.dk/topics/noise/traffic-noise/nord2000-nordic-noise-prediction-method/

OSPM Denmark http://envs.au.dk/en/knowledge/air/models/ospm/PolluMap Switzerland http://pandora.meng.auth.gr/mds/showlong.php?id=79#d_1Road Source Model UK https://data.london.gov.uk/dataset/laei-2008SELMA GIS Germany http://www.lohmeyer.de/en/node/148SKM2 Netherlands http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0031722/2015-07-01SONBASE Switzerland http://www.bafu.admin.ch/publikationen/00015/index.html?lang=enSoundPLAN * Germany http://www.soundplan.eu/english/soundplan-acoustics/

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STL86+ Switzerland http://www.bafu.admin.ch/publikationen/publikation/01037/index.html?lang=en&lang=en

TRANEX* UK http://www.sahsu.org/content/data-downloadUFIPOLNET method(LASAT + PROKAS) Germany http://www.umwelt.sachsen.de/umwelt/download/luft/UFIPOLNET_Lv_wolf.pdf

Urbis EU http://ec.europa.eu/environment/life/project/Projects/index.cfm?fuseaction=search.dspPage&n_proj_id=715

Table S3: Definition of air and noise pollution indicators

Road Traffic Air Pollution IndicatorSr. # Indicator Name/Definition

1 NOx Oxides of Nitrogen (NO, NO2), especially as atmospheric pollutants2 NO2 Nitrogen dioxide – an atmospheric air pollutant3 NO Nitric oxide – an atmospheric air pollutant4 PM Particulate Matter - the sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in air many of which are hazardous5 PM2.5

Particulate Matter, 2.5 micrometers or less – PM2.5 particles (fine particles) are air pollutants with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less, small enough to invade even the smallest airways

6 PM10 PM10 is particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter. PM10 particles are also known as coarse particles7 O3 Ozone8 BaP Benzo(a)pyrene9 EC Elemental Carbon

10 BC Black Carbon11 VOC Volatile organic compound - any compound of carbon, excluding carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or

carbonates, and ammonium carbonate, which participates in atmospheric photochemical reactions12 CO Caron Monoxide – an atmospheric air pollutant13 SO2 Sulfur dioxide – an atmospheric air pollutant

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14 TSP Total suspended particles (TSP) – an archaic regulatory measure of the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) in community air15 SOx Oxides of Sulfur16 UFP Ultrafine particles (UFPs) – particulate matter of nanoscale size (less than 0.1 μm or 100 nanometres in diameter)17 CH4 Methane – an atmospheric pollutant (GHG)18 PNC Particles number concentration - an intensive quantity used to describe the degree of concentration of countable objects for example PM

Road Traffic Noise Pollution IndicatorSr. # Indicator Name/Abbreviation19 LAeq24h 24 hours A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level20 Lden Day-evening-night A-weighted equivalent continuous noise levels21 LAeq16h 16 hours A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level22 Lnight night A-weighted equivalent continuous noise levels23 LAeq A-weighted equivalent continuous noise levels24 Lday Day A-weighted equivalent continuous noise levels25 Leve Evening A-weighted equivalent continuous noise levels26 LA10 A-weighted sound pressure level that is exceeded for 10% of the time27 LDN Day-night A-weighted equivalent continuous noise levels28 LAeq,7-23h A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level for 0700 – 2300 hours29 Leqd Equivalent diurnal noise level30 Leqn Equivalent nocturnal noise level31 LAeq,10min A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level over 10 min32 LA90 Noise level exceeded for 90% of the time of the measurement duration33 LA50 Noise level exceeded for 50% of the time of the measurement duration34 Leq,125Hz Linear (i.e. not filtered) measured levels commonly related with sound ranges of car traffic35 Leq,2kHz Linear (i.e. not filtered) measured levels commonly related with sound ranges of car traffic36 LAeqL50 the 50th percentile of A-weighted equivalent noise levels37 Llineeq Linear equivalent noise levels38 LlineeqL50 The 50th percentile of Llineeq levels39 LAeq,1min A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level over 1 min40 LAeq,5min A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level over 5 min41 LAeq,1s A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level over 1 second

For more information on noise levels, see: http://www.acoustic-glossary.co.uk/definitions-l.htm

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References:

Jensen, S. S., Ketzel, M., Becker, T., Christensen, J., Brandt, J., Plejdrup, M., . . . Ellermann, T. (2017). High resolution multi-scale air quality modelling for all streets in Denmark. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 52, Part A, 322-339. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.02.019

For Further Reading:

European Commission (2016). European noise directives. Available online at: http://ec.europa.eu/environment/noise/directive_en.htm

European Environment Agency (EEA), (2010). Good practice guide on noise exposure and potential health effects. Available online at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/goodpractice-guide-on-noise

United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (1974). Information on levels of environmental noise requisite to protect public health and welfare with an adequate margin of safety. Available online at: http://nepis.epa.gov

United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). (2015). Best practices for reducing near-road pollution exposures at schools. Available online at: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2015-10/documents/ochp_2015_near_road_pollution_booklet_v16_508.pdf

World Health Organization (WHO), (1999). Guidelines for community noise. Available online at: http://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/guidelines2.html

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