Presentation onARTIFICIAL RETINA

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Jaipur National University, Jaipur

Presented by : VIVEK KUMAR SINGH ( Roll No: 8EC46)

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Contents

• Introduction• Disease Related to Eye• Artificial Eye• Working Diagram• Digital Camera• Video Processing Unit• Retinal Implant• Limitations & Drawback• Conclusion• Reference

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IntroductionHow eyes work?

The light coming from an object enters the eye through cornea and pupil. The eye lens converges these light rays to form a real, inverted and diminished image on the retina. The light sensitive cells of the retina gets activated with the incidence of light and generate electric signals. These electric signals are sent to the brain by the optic nerves and the brain interprets the electrical signals in such away that we see an image which is erect and of the same size as the object.

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Disease Related To Eye

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

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Artificial Eye?

• The Artificial Retina made using Thin-Film Transistors, which

can be fabricated on transparent and flexible substrates.

• Electronic photo devices and circuits are integrated on the

artificial retina.

• Implanted on the inside surface of the living retina at the back

part of the human eyeballs. Wireless power supply is used

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Component

Digital camera Video-processing unit

Radio transmitter Radio receiver Retinal implant

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Digital Camera

• The camera used for this is the CMOS

image sensor.

• The camera captures the image and

converts it into pixels of black and white.

• This camera is placed on the goggles.

• The battery required for this is provided

from the video processing unit.

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Video Processing Unit

• Video Processing Unit acts as a optogenic transducer

unit which simplifies the image as spots of light and then

reduces the image to the number of photodiodes.

• This is connected to goggles through router.

• This unit majorly consists of :-

1. Video decoder

2. Video scaler

3. DSP processor

4. Video processor

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Retinal Implant

• Electrode implantation is one of the

most critical jobs in this artificial

vision system.

• The first step done in this electrode

implantation is perforating a platinum

foil with each hole having a diameter

of 3mm.

• 68 flat platinum electrodes of 1mm

diameter are pierced through the holes

into the nucleus of neurons of the

occipital lobe.

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Working

Camera on glasses views image

Signals are sent to video processing microchip

Processed information is sent back to receiver

Receiver sends information to electrodes in retinal implant

Electrodes stimulate retina to send information to brain

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Limitations and Drawbacks

• Repairing is difficult if any of the devices got damaged.

• Those who lost their visions due to other reasons could not use this

device.

• It may not work for people blinded as children or as infants, because

the visual cortex do not develop normally.

• Surgery is required to implant the electrode array.

• The approximated cost of the device is $70,000

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Image Identification

By using this technology the person can read large letters or identify the objects before him.

Another Approach to Artificial Vision

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Conclusion • Thus the electronic eye aims at helping millions of blind and

visually challenged• Artificial eye helps blind man walk safely around and read large

letters • Invention is not only the fruit of one branch of science; It involves

the participation of different branches of science “WISHING A REMARKABLE PROGRESS IN THE

DEVELOPMENT OF THIS ARTIFICIAL VISION SYSTEM, SUCH THAT EACH AND EVERY BLIND PERSON TODAY, IS NEVER A BLIND TOMMOROW.”

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References

• www.howstuffworks.com• Chandu Gude,"Bionic Eye", Scribd, 2009. • www.wikipedia.org• www.sciencedaily.com• www.electrooptic.com

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