asssessing ergonomic hazard 2

8/12/2019 Asssessing Ergonomic Hazard 2

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ASSSESSING ERGONOMIC

HAZARD


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Purposes

To Identify specific work place hazards

that can cause or aggravate work-related

MSIs, and than to reduce the workers

exposure


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It does not and cannot eliminate all MSIs among

affected workers

Its only reduce incidence / severity of MSIs

caused in whole or in part of the risk factorslisted in in the hazard assessment checklist

Non work-exposures and risk factors inherent

individual worker are not addressed

Use of this recommendation is voluntary


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Is this a caution zone job?

A caution zone job is a job where workerstypical work activities meet one or more of thephysical risk factors and level listed in table 1

Typical work activities are those that are regular

and forseeable part of the job , > 1 day/week , >1 week/year

Caution zone joball have sufficient degree ofrisk -> need some precautionary steps be taken

(ergonomic awareness training and hazardassessment)-but they do not necessarily haverisks great enough to require corrective action

Caution zone may not be hazardous


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The duration list in table 1 (see

acrobat reader doc , page 3)

Two hoursrefer to the total amount of

time workers exposed to the risk factors,

not how long they spend performing the

work activity that includes the risk factor


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What action that employer should

take

If there are no physical risk factor

exceeding the level list in table 1NO

ACTIONS ARE REQUIRED

If 1 physical risk factors exceed the

level list in table 1CAUTION ZONE

JOBergonomic awareness trainingto

provide workers with a basic level ofunderstanding knowledge


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The training for workers should

include:

How to use their work station, including how to

adjust its equipment and furnishings

How to use or select tools appropriate to the

work they are performing The safe work practices they are expected to

follow; and

Information describing the signs, symptoms andmethods of preventing MSIs


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When should a hazard

performance be performed

When work process or operation changes

When a new work process is introduced

Prior to the design and installation and anew workstation

Affected worker should be involved in

hazard assessment


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Ergonomics Rule: Major features

Do you have caution zone jobs?

Reduce exposure below

the hazard level

or to the degree feasible

No additional

requirements

Not covered

No requirements

Yes

Hazards present

No

No hazardspresent

Annual

review Annualreview

Two requirements:Awareness educationEvaluate caution zone

jobs for hazards


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Injuries and risk

factors


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Work-related

MusculoSkeletal

Disorders

WMSDs?


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Injuries and risk factors

What are Work-related Musculo Skeletal

Disorders (WMSDs)?

Common types and symptoms of injury

Causes and prevention of injury


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What are Work-related Musculo

Skeletal Disorders (WMSDs)? Also known as:

Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)

Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs)

Overuse injuries

Work Related Upper Limb Disorders (WRULDs) Musculo Skeletal Injuries (MSIs)

Musculo Skeletal Disorders (MSDs)

Soft tissue injuries

Usually develop gradually, but sometimes canappear suddenly

Can be serious, if not taken care of early


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What are some of the

symptoms of WMSDs?

Discomfort

Pain

Numbness

Tingling

Burning

Swelling

Change in color

Tightness, loss of

flexibility


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What causes WMSDs?

Risk Factors

Awkward Postures

High Hand Force

Repetitive Motions

Repeated Impacts

Heavy, Frequent, or Awkward Lifting

Moderate to High Hand-Arm Vibration


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Risk Factors

Risk of injury depends upon:

Duration (how long)

Frequency (how often)

Intensity (how much)

Combinations of risk factors


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Risk Factors

Duration

usually need hours of exposure before risk

factors become a concern

Can be all at one time or cumulative over the

day


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Risk factors for WMSDs

Awkward postures


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Standing neutral posture Seated neutral posture

Head level

Shoulders

relaxed

Feet supported

Wrists straight

Elbows at sides

Low back

supported

Neutral postures

Hands over head or elbows above


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For more than 2 hours per day

Hands over head or elbows aboveshoulders


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Neck bent more than 30


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Back bent more than 30


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Squatting


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Kneeling


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Wrists bent


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Reducing awkward postures

Change workstation heights & display heights

Tilt or rotate the work

Use platforms

Bring items within easy reach

Pause to stretch


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Case Study

Reducing awkward postures


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Risk Factors for WMSDs

High hand force


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High hand force

A power grip can be 5times stronger than a

pinch grip

=


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10 lbs. of weight or force formore than 2 hours per day

Gripping with the whole hand


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2 lbs. of weight or 4 lbs. of forcefor more than 2 hours per day

Pinching with the fingertips


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Your grip strength decreases when you:

Bend your wrists

Pick up slippery items

Wear poorly fitting gloves

Have cold hands

Other factors


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Pick objects up from the bottom using

whole hand

Attach handles or use lift tools Build up handles on small tools to

reduce grip force

Avoid pinch grips


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Pick up smaller loads

Use power tools instead of hand tools

Keep tools in good working order

Use lighter tools or tool balancers

Use two hands

Keep your wrists straight

Reduce power grip force


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Use clamps to hold onto work

Place items on carts rather than

carrying them

Put down a tool when not actually

using it

Avoid holding onto objects for long

periods


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Case Study

Use tool balancers


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Working with

bent wrists

decreases grip

strength

Use tools that

let you keep

your wrist

straight

Tool use example


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Highly repetitive motions

Hi hl i i i


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Highly repetitive motion


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Arrange work to avoid unnecessary

motions

Let power tools and machinery do the work

Spread repetitive work out during the day

Take stretch pauses

Rotate task with co-workers if possible Change hands or motions frequently

Reducing repetition


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Case Study

Reducing repetitive motions

I t i k i


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For more than 4hours per day

Intensive keying


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Spread keyboard work throughout the day

Use macros for common functions

Take stretch pauses

Improve your posture and move around as

much as possible

Reducing intensive keying


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Repeated impacts

R t d i t


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Using the hand or knee as a hammer more than10 times per hour, more than 2 hours per day

Repeated impacts


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Use tools instead of your hand or knee

Avoiding repeated impacts


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Heavy, frequent or awkward lifting

H lifti


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Lifting 75 lbs.

once per day

Lifting 55 lbs.

more than 10

times per day

Heavy lifting


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Take smaller loads

at one time

Use mechanical

assistance -handtrucks, carts,

hoists, conveyors

Get help from a co-

worker

Reducing heavy lifting

Freq ent lifting


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Lifting more than 10 lbs., more than

twice per minute, for more than 2 hours

per day

Frequent lifting


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Use mechanical assistance

Slide objects instead of lifting them

Rotate lifting tasks with co-workersif possible

Reducing frequent lifting

Awkward lifting


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Lifting more than 25 lbs. above the shoulders,

below the knees or at arms length more than 25

times per day

Awkward lifting


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Store items where

you wont have to

bend or reach to lift

them Use rolling stairs to

get items down

from high shelves

Reducing awkward lifts


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Safe lifting technique


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Moderate to high handarm vibration

Vibration


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Moderate levelsof vibration for2 hours per day

High levels ofvibration for 30minutesper day

Vibration


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Use low vibration

tools if available

Maintain tools

Use tool wraps or

anti-vibration gloves

Keep hands warm

Reducing vibration

If you have identify a caution zone


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If you have identify a caution zone,

what next ?

Analyze it by using table 2 (do it

thoroughly and systematically)

Pay attention on physical demands of the job

(body position, force, repetition) The lay out of the work area (reaches,

working heights

The load lifting and handling requirements ofthe job (object size and shape)


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If the physical risk factor exceed table 2

A HAZARD IS PRESENTTAKE

ACTION !!

Changes to workstations and tools

Reducing the size and weights of loads

handled

Process redesign to eliminate unnecessarysteps or introduce task variety

Job rotation


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If the action cannot reduce hazards

While looking for alternatives to solve the

problems permanently

PPT

team lifting

training of work technique


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How to se the check list

Go to acrobat reader doc.(hazard

assessment check list-table 2) page 7-14


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What youcan do:

Recognize and reportsymptoms early

Get involved in ergonomics

Symptom recognition and


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Symptom recognition and

reporting

Report symptoms if:

Pain is persistent, severe or worsening

Pain radiates Symptoms include numbness or tingling

Symptoms keep you from sleeping at night

Why is it important to report


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Why is it important to report

symptoms early?

Chronic injuries sometimes lead to

disability, even surgery

Early treatment more successful


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Getting involved

Look at jobs and help identify problems

Come up with solutions

Work with solutions Take part in training

Take responsibility for changing the way

you do your job Help to make sure efforts are successful


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Six key points to remember

1 Ergonomics can help you on your job

2 Employers have to implement ergonomics if caution zone jobsare present

3 Risk factors can be reduced and WMSDs prevented

4 You can help your company put ergonomics changes into place

5 WMSDs can happen in jobs with risk factors

6 Reporting symptoms earlyis important


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asssessing ergonomic hazard 2

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