Atoms

8.8a Describe the structure and parts of an atoms.

Verb: describeNoun: structure and parts

Context: atomDescribe- to give an account of in words.

Atoms

• All Matter is made of atoms

Atoms

• Atoms are the smallest particle of an Element– Example: Smallest piece of gold is a gold

atom

Atoms

• All the atoms of an Element are almost exactly the same

Atoms

• Different Elements are made of different atoms– Ex:

• Lithium

• Helium

What are the parts of an atom?

• Subatomic particles

What are the parts of an atom?

• Subatomic particles– Protons– Neutrons– Electrons

What are the parts of an atom?

– Protons – Positive (+) charge– have mass = 1amu– In the nucleus

What are the parts of an atom?

– Neutrons – No charge (0)– have mass= 1amu– In the nucleus

What are the parts of an atom?

– Electrons –

Negative (-) Charge

has no mass we can

measure

• Electron(-) in electron

• cloud

What are the parts of an atom?

• Valence Electrons– Electrons found in the outer most regions of

the atoms electron cloud– Involved in Bonding

Location of Subatomic Particles?

Location of Subatomic Particles Electron

Cloud

• Nucleus– Proton(+) in nucleus– Neutron(O) in nucleus– Overall charge is (+)

Nucleus

Location of Subatomic Particles

• Electron(-) in electron

cloud

It surround the nucleus

It has a (-) charge

Location of Subatomic Particles

• Our model is not accurate (correct)– The electron cloud has many

different shapes- The space between the

nucleus and electron cloud

is much greater

Atoms and the Periodic Table

• SE: Interpret information on the periodic table to understand that physical properties are used to group element.

– Verb: Interpret– Noun : information on the periodic table

Atoms and the Periodic Table

• Atomic Number 12

• Symbol Mg

• Mass number 24.305

Atomic Number on the Periodic Table

Atomic Number

• Atomic number = Protons(+)

• If this number changes – New Element!

Electrons(-)

Protons = Electrons (in a neutral atom)

Atomic Number 12

Symbol Mg

Mass number 24.305

Neutrons (0)

• Neutrons = Mass number – Atomic number

• Must look at both number

Atomic Number 13

Symbol Al

Mass number 26.982

Atom Bonding

• Atoms want their outer energy level to be full– Energy Level 1 =2 electrons– Energy Level 2 = 8 electrons– Energy Level 3 = 8 electrons

How do they accomplish this?

Atom Bonding

• To fill their outer energy level they :– Share– Give up all the electrons in the outer energy

level– Steal electrons to complete their outer energy

level

Atom Bonding

• If they give up (lose) electrons they are no longer neutral atoms.

They are Positive Ions

Example:

Ex: Lithium Loses it’s valence electron and becomes a + 1 ion

-

- +3 -2 = +1

3P+ 4N

Atom Bonding

• If they steal electron they are no longer neutral atom.

• They become a negative ion

Atom Bonding

• Fluorine only needs one more electron to fill it’s outer energy level so it steals one and becomes negative ion +9

+ -10

-1 ion

Atom Bonding

• When atoms become + or – ions, they are then attracted to oppositely charged ions and create molecule or compounds