automobile (4) 3- wheel alignment

8/18/2019 AUTOMOBILE (4) 3- Wheel Alignment

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Wheel alignmentangularity is therelationship of the anglesamong the front wheel,

front wheel attachmentsand the ground.


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Factors for wheel alignment

Suspension height

CasterCamber

Toe

Steering axis inclination (SA!

Turning radius


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Camber t is the inward or outward tilt of

a wheel from the "ertical when"iewed from the front of the"ehicle.

A wheel that tilt #out$ at the tophas a %"e camber and that tilts#in$ is a &"e camber


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Camber 'n many "ehicles, the wheelsuspension is adusted to gi"e a

slight outward tilt (%"e camber!.When the "ehicle is loaded androlling along the road the wheels will

be straitened. Camber is a tyre wear angle. Anycamber %"e or &"e causes excessi"eand rapid tyre wear


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Toe t is the measurement of howmuch the wheel points #in or out$from the straight ahead position.

The measurement is made in)mm* or degrees. deal running

toe is +ero. This means thewheels are parallel while rollingstraight ahead


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Toein When the wheel points )in* toe is%"e and the amount the wheelpoint inward is Toein.

Toeout

f the wheel point out, toe is &"eand the amount the wheel pointout is Toeout.


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Toe A tyre has to mo"e in the

direction, the "ehicle is tra"elling.A Toein or toeout drags the tyreside ways as it rolls. The greater

the Toe angle the faster the tyrewear.


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Caster t is the tilt of the steering axistowards the front or rear of the

"ehicle. f the tilt is towards thefront, the wheel has &"e caster andif the tilt is towards rear, it is %"e.

-xcessi"e caster may causeincreased steering eort and rodshoc/ on the steering wheel


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0ing pin inclination(01! orSteering axis inclination(SA!

Steering axis is the line around which

a front wheel swings for steering. 0ing pin inclination is the inward tiltof the steering axis from the "ertical

as "iewed form the front of the"ehicle. t is the angle in degrees,between "ertical line and the steeringaxis.


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0ing pin inclination This inward tilt is desirable for three

reasons2

(a! t helps steering stability byreturning the wheels to straight aheadafter a turn is completed. This is calledreturnability

(b! t reduces steering eort, especiallywhen the "ehicle is not mo"ing.

(c! t reduces tyre wear


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automobile (4) 3- wheel alignment

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