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4/12/2015 Automotive industry in India Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Chennai is home to around 3540%of India's total automobile industryand for this reason it is known as theDetroit of Asia. It is on the way tobecoming the world's largest Autohub by 2016 with a capacity of over 3million cars annually
Mahindra Scorpio, one of India's bestselling natively developed SUV
Automotive industry in IndiaFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The automotive industry in India is one of the largestautomotive markets in the world. It was previously one of thefastest growing markets globally, but it is currently experiencingflat or negative growth rates.[1][2] In 2009, India emerged asAsia's fourth largest exporter of passenger cars, behind Japan,South Korea, and Thailand,[3] overtaking Thailand to becomethird in 2010. As of 2010, India was home to 40 millionpassenger vehicles. More than 3.7 million automotive vehicleswere produced in India in 2010 (an increase of 33.9%), makingIndia the second fastest growing automobile market in the world(after China).[4][5] India's passenger car and commercial vehiclemanufacturing industry recently overtook Brazil to become thesixth largest in the world, with an annual production of more than3.9 million units in 2011.[6][7] From 2011 to 2012, the industrygrew 1618%, selling around three million units.[7] According tothe Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehiclesales are projected to increase to 4 million by 2015, not 5 millionas previously projected.[1][8]
In 2011, there were 3,695 factories producing automotive parts inall of India. The average firm made US$6 million in annualrevenue with profits close to US$400 thousand.
Contents
1 History1.1 Restrictions under the license raj1.2 Liberalisation1.3 Slow export growth1.4 Emission norms
2 Manufacturing facilities2.1 Gujarat2.2 Haryana2.3 Himachal Pradesh2.4 Jharkhand2.5 Karnataka2.6 Kerala2.7 Madhya Pradesh2.8 Maharashtra
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A preIndependence car showroom inSecunderabad
2.9 Punjab2.10 Rajasthan2.11 Tamil Nadu2.12 Uttar Pradesh2.13 Uttarakhand2.14 West Bengal
3 Exports3.1 Top 18 export destinations in 20072008 andgrowth from previous year
4 Passenger vehicles in India4.1 Indian automotive companies
4.1.1 Defunct Indian automotive companies4.2 Foreign automotive companies in India
4.2.1 Vehicles manufactured or assembledin India4.2.2 Vehicles brought into India as CBUs
5 Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India5.1 Indian brands5.2 Jointventure (JV) brands5.3 Foreignowned brands
6 Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry6.1 Electric car manufacturers in India
7 Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India8 See also9 References10 Bibliography
History
In 1897, the first car ran on an Indian road. Through the 1930s,cars were only imported, and in very small numbers.
An embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the1940s. Hindustan was launched in 1942, longtime competitorPremier in 1944, building GM and Fiat products respectively.[9]Mahindra & Mahindra was established by two brothers in 1945,and began assembly of Jeep CJ3A utility vehicles. Followingindependence in 1947, the Government of India and the privatesector launched efforts to create an automotivecomponentmanufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. In 1953, an import substitution programmewas launched, and the import of fully builtup cars began to be restricted.[9]
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The Hindustan Ambassadordominated India's automotive marketfrom the 1960s until the mid80s
The Premier Padmini was theAmbassador's only true competitor
Restrictions under the license raj
However, growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s,due to nationalisation and the license raj, which hampered theIndian private sector. After 1970, with restrictions on the importof vehicles set, the automotive industry started to grow; but thegrowth was mainly driven by tractors, commercial vehicles andscooters. Cars were still a major luxury item. In the 1970s, pricecontrols were finally lifted, inserting a competitive element intothe automobile market.[10] However, by the 1980s, theautomobile market was still dominated by Hindustan andPremier, who sold superannuated products in fairly limitednumbers.[11] During the eighties, a few competitors began toarrive on the scene.
In 1986, to promote the auto industry, the governmentestablished the Delhi Auto Expo. The 1986 Expo was a showcase for how the Indian automotiveindustry was absorbing new technologies, promoting indigenous research and development, andadapting these technologies for the rugged conditions of India. The nineday show was attended by thenPrime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
Liberalisation
Eventually multinational automakers, such as, Suzuki and Toyota of Japan and Hyundai of South Korea,were allowed to invest in the Indian market, furthering the establishment of an automotive industry inIndia. Maruti Suzuki was the first, and the most successful of these new entries, and in part the result ofgovernment policies to promote the automotive industry beginning in the 1980s.[11] As India began toliberalise its automobile market in 1991, a number of foreign firms also initiated joint ventures withexisting Indian companies. The variety of options available to the consumer began to multiply in thenineties, whereas before there had usually only been one option in each price class. By 2000, there were12 large automotive companies in the Indian market, most of them offshoots of global companies.[12]
Slow export growth
Exports were slow to grow. Sales of small numbers of vehicles totertiary markets and neighbouring countries began early, and in1987 Maruti Suzuki shipped 480 cars to Europe (Hungary). Aftersome growth in the midnineties, exports once again began todrop as the outmoded platforms provided to Indianmanufacturers by multinationals were not competitive.[13] Thiswas not to last, and today India manufactures lowpriced cars formarkets across the globe. As of 18 March 2013, global brands such as Proton Holdings, PSA Group,Kia, Mazda, Chrysler, Dodge and Geely Holding Group were shelving plans for India due to thecompetitiveness of the market, as well as the global economic crisis.[14]
Emission norms
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In 2000, in tune with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central governmentunveiled standards titled "India 2000", with later, upgraded guidelines to be known as Bharat stages.These standards are quite similar to the stringent European standards, and have been implemented in aphased manner, with the latest upgrade being implemented in 13 cities and, later, in the rest of thenation. Delhi (NCR), Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat,Kanpur, Lucknow, Solapur, and Agra are the 13 cities where Bharat Stage IV has been imposed whilethe rest of the nation is still under Bharat Stage III.
Manufacturing facilities
The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is evenly divided into three "clusters". AroundChennai is the southernmost and largest, with a 35% revenue share, accounting for 60% of the country'sautomotive exports, and home of the India operations of Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan,BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo, Mini, and Datsun.[15][16]
Near Mumbai, Maharashtra, along the Chakan corridor near Pune, is the western cluster, with a 33%share of the market. Audi, Volkswagen, and Skoda are located in Aurangabad. Mahindra and Mahindrahas an SUV and engine assembly plant at Nashik. General Motors, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, LandRover, Jaguar Cars, Fiat, and Force Motors have assembly plants in the area.[17][18]
The northern cluster is around the National Capital Region, and contributes 32%. Gurgaon and Manesar,in Haryana, are where the country's largest car manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki, is based.
An emerging cluster is the state of Gujarat, with a manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol,and a planned facility for Tata Nano at their plant in Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki, and PeugeotCitroenplants are also planned for Gujarat.[19]
Kolkata with Hindustan Motors, Noida with Honda, and Bangalore with Toyota are other automotivemanufacturing regions around the country.[20][21][22]
Gujarat
Passenger vehicles
General Motors India Private Limited
Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited – Halol[23]
Tata Motors – Sanand[24]
Commercial vehicles
Asia Motor Works AMW – Bhuj[25]
Haryana
Two wheelers
Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India – Manesar[26]
Hero MotoCorp – Dharuhera, Gurgaon[27]
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India Yamaha Motor – Faridabad,[28] Manesar[29]
Suzuki – Gurgaon[30]
Passenger vehicles
Maruti Suzuki – Gurgaon, Manesar[31]
Himachal Pradesh
Two wheelers
TVS Motors – Nalagarh[32]
Passenger vehicles
ICML motors – Amb[33]
Commercial vehicles
TAFE Tractors – Parwanoo[34]
Jharkhand
Commercial vehicles
Tata Motors – Jamshedpur[24]
Karnataka
Two wheelers
TVS Motor – Mysore[32]
Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India Pvt. Ltd. Narsapura[26]
Passenger vehicles
Mahindra REVA Electric Vehicles – Bangalore[35]
Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited – Bidadi[36]
Commercial vehicles
Bharat Earth Movers Bangalore
Scania Commercial Vehicles India Private Limited – Bangalore[37]
TAFE Tractors – Doddaballapur[34]
Tata Motors – Dharwad[24]
Bharat Earth Movers Mysore
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Volvo India
Volvo Buses India – Hosakote[38]
Volvo Trucks India – Hosakote[39]
Volvo Construction Equipment India – Hosakote[40]
Kerala
Commercial vehicles
Bharat Earth Movers Defense Products produces Tatra Trucks 12x12, 10x10,8x8, 6x6, 4x4 &VariantsKerala Automobiles Limited
Madhya Pradesh
Two wheelers
Mahindra & Mahindra – Pithampur[41]
Commercial vehicles
Eicher Motors – Pithampur[42]
Hindustan Motors – Pithampur[43]
Force Motors Private Limited – Pithampur[44]
TAFE Tractors – Mandideep[34]
John Deere Tractors – Dewas[34]
Maharashtra
Two wheelers
Bajaj Auto – Chakan(Pune), Waluj Aurangabad[45]
KTM Sportmotorcycles – Chakan(Pune)[46]
Vespa Scooters – Baramati (Pune)[47]
Kinetic Engineering – Pune, Ahmednagar [48]
Passenger vehicles
Mahindra & Mahindra Automotive Division – Nashik, Chakan(Pune)[49][50]
Ssangyong Motor Company – Chakan(Pune)[51]
Tata Motors Limited
Tata Motors – Pimpri Chinchwad(Pune)[52]
Jaguar Cars and Land Rover – Pune[53]
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MercedesBenz Passenger Cars – Chakan(Pune)[54]
Fiat Automobiles – Ranjangaon (Pune)[55]
General Motors India – Chakan(Pune)[56]
Volkswagen Group Sales India Private Limited
Volkswagen – Chakan(Pune)[57]
Audi AG – Aurangabad[58]
Škoda Auto – Aurangabad[59]
Chinkara Motors – Karlekhind Alibag[60]
Premier Automobiles Limited – Pimpri Chinchwad(Pune)[61]
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland – Bhandara[62]
Bajaj Auto – Waluj Aurangabad[45]
Force Motors – Pune[63]
Mahindra Navistar – Chakan(Pune)[64]
MAN Trucks India – Akurdi (Pune)[65]
MercedesBenz Buses India – Chakan(Pune)[66]
Piaggio Vehicles – Baramati (Pune)[67]
Premier Automobiles Limited – Pimpri Chinchwad(Pune)[61]
Punjab
Commercial vehicles
SML Isuzu Limited – Nawanshahar[68] (originally a Swaraj Mazda plant)
Rajasthan
Two Wheelers
Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India – Tapukara[26]
Passenger vehicles
Honda Cars India Ltd. – Tapukara[69]
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland – Alwar[62]
TAFE Tractors – Alwar[34]
Tamil Nadu
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Two wheelers
TVS Motor – Hosur[32]
Royal Enfield – Chennai[70]
India Yamaha Motor – Oragadam
Passenger vehicles
BMW India – Chennai[71][72]
Ford India Private Limited – Maraimalai Nagar[73]
Hyundai Motor India Limited – Sriperumbudur[74]
Mitsubishi – Tiruvallur[43]
Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited
Nissan Motor India Private Limited – Oragadam[75]
Renault India Private Limited – Oragadam[76]
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland – Ennore, Hosur[62]
BharatBenz – Oragadam[77]
Kamaz Vectra Motors – Hosur[78]
SAME DeutzFahr Tractors – Ranipet, Vellore[79]
TAFE Tractors – Chennai[34]
TVS Motors – Hosur[32]
Uttar Pradesh
Two wheelers
India Yamaha Motor – Greater Noida[80]
LML – Kanpur
Passenger vehicles
Honda Cars India Ltd. – Greater Noida[81]
J.S. Auto (P) LTD. – Kanpur[82]
Commercial vehicles
Tata Motors – Lucknow
Uttarakhand
Commercial vehicles
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Mahindra Scorpio Jeep in servicewith Italy's CNSAS.
Ashok Leyland – PantnagarTata Motors – PantnagarMahindra & Mahindra – HaridwarHero MotoCorp – HaridwarBajaj Auto – Pantnagar
West Bengal
Passenger vehicles
Hindustan Motors Limited Kolkata
Exports
India's automobile exports have grown consistently and reached$4.5 billion in 2009, with the United Kingdom being India'slargest export market, followed by Italy, Germany, Netherlands,and South Africa.[83]
According to the New York Times, India's strong engineeringbase and expertise in the manufacturing of lowcost, fuelefficient cars has resulted in the expansion of manufacturingfacilities of several automobile companies like Hyundai, Nissan,Toyota, Volkswagen, and Maruti Suzuki.[84]
In 2008, South Korean multinational Hyundai Motors aloneexported 240,000 cars made in India. Nissan Motors plans toexport 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011.[85] Similarly, US automobile company,General Motors announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 2011.[86]
In September 2009, Ford Motors announced its plans to set up a plant in India with an annual capacity of250,000 cars, for US$500 million. The cars will be manufactured both for the Indian market and forexport.[87] The company said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the hub for its globalproduction business.[88] Fiat Motors announced that it would source more than US$1 billion worth autocomponents from India.[89]
In 2009 India (0.23m) surpassed China (0.16m) as Asia's fourth largest exporter of cars after Japan(1.77m), Korea (1.12m) and Thailand (0.26m) by allowing foreign carmakers 100% ownership offactories in India, which China does not allow.[3]
In July 2010, The Economic Times reported that PSA Peugeot Citroën was planning to reenter theIndian market and open a production plant in Andhra Pradesh that would have an annual capacity of100,000 vehicles, investing € 700M in the operation.[90] PSA's intention to utilise this production facilityfor export purposes however remains unclear as of December 2010.
In recent years, India has emerged as a leading center for the manufacture of small cars. Hyundai, thebiggest exporter from the country, now ships more than 250,000 cars annually from India. Apart fromMaruti Exports' shipments to Suzuki's other markets, Maruti Suzuki also manufactures small cars for
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A Tata Safari on display in Poznań,Poland.
The Maruti Ertiga, a model exportedby Maruti Suzuki, India.
Nissan, which sells themin Europe. Nissan willalso export small carsfrom its new Indianassembly line. TataMotors exports itspassenger vehicles toAsian and Africanmarkets, and is preparingto sell electric cars inEurope in 2010. The firmis planning to sell anelectric version of its low
cost car the Tata Nano in Europe and in the U.S. Mahindra & Mahindra is preparing to introduce itspickup trucks and small SUV models in the U.S. market. Bajaj Auto is designing a lowcost car forRenault Nissan Automotive India, which will market the product worldwide. Renault Nissan may alsojoin domestic commercial vehicle manufacturer Ashok Leyland in another small car project.[91] Whilethe possibilities for the Indian automobile industry are impressive, there are challenges that could thwartfuture growth. Since the demand for automobiles in recent years is directly linked to overall economicexpansion and rising personal incomes, industry growth will slow if the economy weakens.[91]
Top 18 export destinations in 20072008 and growth from previous year
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Rank Country 20072008 (in USDMillions)
20082009 (in USDMillions)
PercentageGrowth
1 United States ofAmerica 593.64 525.24 11.52
2 Italy 332.35 359.68 8.213 Sri Lanka 249.14 216.11 13.264 South Africa 224.93 188.57 15.795 United Kingdom 165.57 246.32 48.77
6 United ArabEmirates 164.44 192.74 17.21
7 Algeria 147.34 265.63 80.288 Bangladesh 137.26 164.86 20.119 Egypt 134.43 143.54 5.9910 Germany 133.52 409.63 206.811 Colombia 118.88 120.71 1.5412 Nepal 111.33 98.13 11.8613 Mexico 93.80 94.10 0.3214 Turkey 83.53 73.82 11.6315 Spain 81.01 56.96 29.6916 France 76.77 134.21 74.8317 Nigeria 66.01 148.74 125.0318 Greece 65.75 127.63 94.119 Netherland 65.19 163.66 151.0520 Ghana 59.91 38.30 36.07
Passenger vehicles in India
This list is of cars that are officially available and serviced in India. While other cars can be imported tothe country at a steep 105%[92] import duty, carmakers such as Alfa Romeo,[93] McLaren,[94] Pagani,[95]
Cadillac,[96] Chrysler,[97] SSC,[98] Lincoln,[99] Zenvo,[100] SEAT,[101] Smart,[102] Daihatsu,[103]
Lexus,[104] Infiniti,[105] Acura,[106] Saab,[107] Spyker,[108] Lotus,[109] Ariel,[110] Caterham,[111] PeugeotCitroën,[112] Mazda,[113] Jeep,[114] Kia,[115] GAZ,[116] and Proton[117] in various stages of officialintroduction into the Indian automobile industry.
Indian automotive companies
Chinkara Motors:[118] Beachster, Hammer, Roadster 1.8S, Rockster, Jeepster, Sailster
Force Motors (earlier known as Tempo): One
Hindustan Motors:[119] Ambassador
Hradyesh:[120]Morris Street[121]
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Maruti Swift in India. Maruti Suzukiis a subsidiary of Suzuki MotorCorporation of Japan
Mahindra XUV500, one of India'sbest selling indigenously developedSUV
Manufactured only in Chennai, India,the i10 is one of Hyundai's bestselling globally exported cars.
ICML (http://www.icml.co.in):[122] Rhino Rx
Mahindra:[123] Major, Bolero, Scorpio, Thar, Xylo, Quanto, Verito, Verito Vibe, Genio, XUV500.
Premier Automobiles Limited:[124] Sigma, RiO
San Motors:[125] Storm
Maruti Suzuki (subsidiary of Japanese auto maker
Suzuki)[126][127] 800, Alto, Alto800, WagonR, Estilo, Astar, Ritz, Swift, Swift DZire, SX4, Omni, Eeco, Gypsy,Ertiga, Ciaz
Tata Motors:[128] Nano, Indica, Vista, Indigo, Manza,Indigo CS, Sumo, Grande, Venture, Safari, Xenon, Aria,Zest, Bolt
Defunct Indian automotive companies
Sipani AutomobilesStandard Motor Products of India
Foreign automotive companies in India
Hyundai, Suzuki, BMW, Audi, Mercedes Benz, Ford, Fiat,Honda, Chevrolet(of General Motors), Toyota, Lamborghini,Jaguar, Eicher, TAFE, are the foreign automotive companies thatmanufacture and market their products in India.
Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India
BMW India:[129] 1 Series, 3 Series, 3 Series GT, 5 Series,7 Series, X1, X3, X5.
Audi India: A3, A4, A6, Q3, Q5, Q7.
Fiat India. Grande Punto, Linea.
Ford India:[130] Figo, Fiesta Classic, Fiesta, Ecosport,Endeavour.
General Motors India(Chevrolet):[131] Spark, Beat, AveoUVA, Sail, Aveo, Optra, Cruze, Tavera.
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Suzuki Kizashi. Kizashis are sold byMaruti in the Indian market
Honda Cars India Limited:[132] Brio, Jazz, Amaze, City, Civic, CRV, Accord.
Hyundai Motor India:[133] Eon, Santro, i10, i20, Accent, Verna, Elantra, Sonata.
Isuzu:[134][135] MU7, VCross.
Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[136] Jaguar XF.
Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[137] Freelander.
MercedesBenz India:[138] CClass, EClass, MClass, GLClass, SClass.
MINI:[139] Countryman.
Mitsubishi[140] (in collaboration with Hindustan Motors):[141] Lancer, Lancer Cedia, Pajero.
Nissan Motor India:[142] Micra, Sunny, Evalia, Dacia Duster.
Datsun: Datsun Go
Renault India:[143][144][145] Pulse, Duster, Scala, Fluence, Koleos.
Škoda Auto India:[146][147] Fabia, Rapid, Laura, Yeti, Superb.
Toyota Kirloskar:[148] Etios Liva, Etios, Corolla Altis, Innova, Fortuner, Camry.
Volkswagen India:[149][150] Polo, CrossPolo, Vento, Jetta, Passat
Opel was present in India until 2006. As of 2013, Opel only provides spare parts and vehicle servicing to existing Opel vehicle
owners.
Vehicles brought into India as CBUs
Aston Martin:[151] Vantage, Vanquish, Rapide, Virage,DB9, DBS, One77.
Audi:[152] A5, A7, A8, S4, S6, S8, TT, RS 4, RS 6, RS5,R8.
Bentley:[153][154] Arnage, Azure, Brooklands, ContinentalGT, Continental Flying Spur, Mulsanne.
BMW:[155] 5 Series GT, 6 Series, 7 Series, X6, X6 M, M3,M5, M6 and Z4.
Bugatti:[156][157] Veyron.Chevrolet: Captiva.
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Ferrari:[158][159] California, 458 Italia, 599 GTB Fiorano, FF.
Fiat:[160] 500, Bravo.
General Motors:[131] Hummer H2, Hummer H3.
Gumpert:[161] Apollo.
Honda:[162][163] Civic Hybrid.
Hyundai:[133] Santa Fe.Isuzu Motors India Pvt Ltd: MU7 & D Max
Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[136] XJ, XK, FType.
Koenigsegg:[164][165] CCX, CCXR, Agera.
Lamborghini:[166] Gallardo, Aventador.
Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[137] Discovery 4, Range Rover Evoque, Range RoverSport, Range Rover.
Maserati:[167] Quattroporte, GranTurismo, GranCabrio.
MercedesBenz:[168] AClass, BClass, CLClass, GLClass, RClass, CLSClass, SLClass, SLKClass, Viano, GClass, SLS.
MINI:[139] Cooper, Cooper S, Convertible.Mitsubishi: Montero, Outlander, Evo X.
Nissan:[169] Teana, XTrail, 370Z, GTR.
Porsche:[170][171] 997, Boxster, Panamera, Cayman, Cayenne, Carrera GT, Macan.
Rolls Royce:[172] Ghost, Wraith, Phantom, Phantom Coupé, Phantom Drophead Coupé.
SsangYong (subsidiary of Mahindra & Mahindra):[173] Rexton.Suzuki (sold through Maruti Suzuki): Grand Vitara, Kizashi.
Toyota:[148] Prius, Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser Prado.
Volkswagen:[174] Beetle, Touareg, Phaeton.
Volvo:[175] V40, S60, S80, XC60, XC90.
Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India
Indian brands
AMW[176]
Eicher Motors[177]
Force[178]
Hindustan Motors[179]
Mahindra & Mahindra
Premier[124]
Tata Motors[180]
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Hero MotocorpBajaj AutoTVS Motor
Jointventure (JV) brands
Ashok Leyland[181] originally a JV between Ashok Motors (owned by the Hinduja Group) andLeyland Motors, now joint ventures between Ashok Leyland and Nissan Motors (Japan) for
LCV's; and John Deere (USA) for construction equipment.[182]
KaMAZ Vectra[183] A JV between Russia's KaMAZ and the Vectra GroupMAN Force A JV between Force Motors and MAN AG (Germany)SML Isuzu originally, as Swaraj Mazda, a JV between Punjab Tractors and Mazda, now 53.5%
owned by Sumitomo Group and with its current name since 2011.[184]
Tatra Vectra Motors Ltd (defunct) Initial truck partnership with India by Vectra. Replaced byKamaz. Tatra trucks for sale in India are now manufactured in collaboration with Bharat EarthMovers Limited.
VE Commercial Vehicles Limited[185] VE Commercial Vehicles limited A JV between VolvoGroup & Eicher Motors Limited.Maruti Suzuki A joint venture of Indian Maruti and Japanese Suzuki.
Foreignowned brands
J. C. Bamford (JCB) (Owned by British multinational corporation J. C. Bamford).BharatBenz (Owned by Daimler AG of Germany and affiliated with Daimler's Fuso and
MercedesBenz brands)[186]
Caterpillar Inc.[187]
DAF[188]
Hino[189]
Isuzu[190]
Iveco[191]
MAN
MercedesBenz[192] manufactures luxury coaches in India.
Piaggio[193]
Rosenbauer.[194]
Scania[195]
Tatra.[196]
Volvo.[197]
Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry
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During April 2012, the Indian government planned to unveil the road map for the development ofdomestic electric and hybrid vehicles (xEV) in the country.[198] A discussion between the variousstakeholders, including Government, industry, and academia, was expected to take place during 23–24February.[198] The final contours of the policy would have been formed after this set of discussions.Ministries such as Petroleum, Finance, Road Transport, and Power are involved in developing a broadframework for the sector. Along with these ministries, auto industry executives, such as AnandMahindra (Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra & Mahindra) and Vikram Kirloskar (ViceChairman, Toyota Kirloskar), were involved in this task.[198] The Government has also proposed to setup a Rs 740 crore research and development fund for the sector in the 12th fiveyear plan during 201217.[198] The idea is to reduce the high cost of key imported components such as the battery and electricmotor, and to develop such capabilities locally.
Electric car manufacturers in India
Ajanta Group.[199]
Hero Electric.[200]
Mahindra.[201]
REVA now Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles.
Tara International.[202]
Tata Motors.[203]
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India
Automobile Products of India or API founded in 1949 at Bombay (now Mumbai), by the British
company Rootes Group,[204] and later bought over by M. A. Chidambaram of the MAC Group
from Madras (now Chennai).[204] The company manufactured Lambretta scooters, API ThreeWheelers under licence from Innocenti of Italy and Automobile ancillaries, notably Clutch andBraking systems. API's registered offices were earlier in Mumbai, later shifted to Chennai, inTamil Nadu. The manufacturing facilities were located in Mumbai and Aurangabad in
Maharashtra and in Ambattur, Chennai.[205] The company has not been operational since 2002.Escorts Yamaha in 1984 Escorts formed a joint venture with Yamaha to manufacturemotorcycles. In 2008 became India Yamaha Motor.Hero Motors is a former moped and scooter manufacturer based in Delhi, India. It is a part ofmultinational company Hero Group, which also currently owns Hero Motocorp (formerly HeroHonda) and Hero Cycles, among others. Hero Motors was started in the 1960s to manufacture50 cc twostroke mopeds but gradually diversified into making larger mopeds, mokicks andscooters in the 1980s and the 1990s. Noteworthy collaborators and technical partners were Puch ofAustria and Malaguti of Italy. Due to tightening emission regulations and poor sales, Hero motorshave discontinued the manufacture of all gasoline powered vehicles and transformed itself into anelectric twowheeler and auto parts manufacturer.Ideal Jawa motorcycle company based in Mysore, sold licensed Jawa and ČZ motorcycles
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beginning in 1960 under the brand name Jawa and later Yezdi.Kinetic Honda a joint venture between Kinetic Engineering Limited, India and Honda MotorCompany, Japan. The JV operated during 1984 1998, manufacturing 2stroke scooters in India.In 1998, the joint venture was terminated after which Kinetic Engineering continued to sell the
models under the brand name Kinetic until 2008[206] when the interests were sold to Mahindra.Mopeds India Limited produces the Suvega range of Mopeds under technical collaboration withMotobécane of France.Standard produced by Standard Motor Products in Madras from 1949 to 1988. Indian Standardswere variations of vehicles made in the U.K. by StandardTriumph. Standard Motor Products of
India Ltd. (SMPI) was incorporated in 1948,[207] and their first product was the Vanguard, whichbegan to be assembled in 1949. The company was dissolved in 2006 and the old plant torn down.
See also
Media related to Automobile manufacturers of India at Wikimedia CommonsAutomotive Industry Standards, the automotive regulations of IndiaList of vehicle plants in IndiaAutomobile industryList of countries by motor vehicle productionList of countries by vehicles per capitaLists of automobilesList of carsList of Asian carsList of automobile manufacturers of ChinaList of Japanese carsList of truck manufacturersList of motorcycle manufacturers (Category)List of scooters List of scooter manufacturers
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