baan iv kernel tuning guide for baan ivbaansupport.com/docs/baan/baan iv kernel tuning guide...

Installation Guide U7032A US

Research and Development

BAAN IV

Kernel Tuning Guide for BAAN IV



Document information

Document

Number : U7032A USGroup : User documentationName : Kernel Tuning Guide for BAAN IVEdition : ADate : December 1996

© 1996 Baan Development B.V. All rights reserved.

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document may bereproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for anypurpose, without the express written permission of Baan Development B.V.

Baan Development B.V. assumes no liability for any damages incurred, directly or indirectly, from anyerrors, omissions or discrepancies between the software and the information contained in thisdocument.


v

Table of Contents

1 General description of adjusting UNIX kernels 1.11.1 Unix kernels 1.1

1.1.1 Static kernels 1.11.1.2 Semidynamic kernels 1.11.1.3 Full Dynamic kernels 1.1

2 Kernel Parameters 2.12.1 Processes 2.12.2 Files 2.22.3 Buffers 2.32.4 Shared Memory 2.42.5 Semaphores 2.52.6 Messages 2.62.7 General kernel parameters 2.7

3 Aspects per UNIX system 3.13.1 HP 9000 3.13.2 IBM RS/600 3.43.3 DEC Alpha 3.53.4 UnixWare 3.73.5 SCO UNIX 3.93.6 Sequent/Dynix 3.2 v2.1.2 3.113.7 Sequent/Dynix 4.0 v4.1.3 3.133.8 Sun 3.15



vi


1 - 1

1.1 Unix kernels

The kernel of a UNIX system is a program that runs from booting to shutting down. Allactions in which resources are addressed by user programs are performed by the kernel.Internally, the kernel keeps lists of the actions that are executed simultaneously, because thoselists have a limited capacity, an overflow may arise when there is a very large number ofsimultaneous actions. If there is an overflow the system displays an error message.

For example, if the number of files being opened at the same time is greater than permitted bythe kernel, the system responds with error message 23 (ENFILE File table overflow). Toavoid this error message the user can create a new kernel, which allows a larger number offiles to be opened simultaneously.

Computer systems can be classified into three groups according to the way the kernel isadjusted:

1 static2 semidynamic3 full dynamic.

1.1.1 Static kernels

The kernel is stored on the system in three parts. First, it includes sources, libraries, aninclude file and (what is relevant here) a file containing kernel parameters. Second, the kernelis present as an executable that can be generated from the above-mentioned files. Third, thereis (on a working system) a kernel running in the internal memory.

Adjusting the kernel requires a three-step procedure:

1 Adjust the file with kernel paramaters.2 Generate the kernel as an executable from the parameter file.3 Reboot the computer to load the new kernel into internal memory and subsequently start

the computer.

1.1.2 Semidynamic kernels

The computer holds a file with kernel parameters and the kernel as an excecutable. When thecomputer is booted, the kernel is loaded into the internal memory.

Adjusting the kernel requires a two-step procedure:

1 Adjust the file with kernel paramaters.2 Reboot the computer to patch the parameters from the file into the kernel.

1.1.3 Full dynamic kernels

The kernel is present as an executable file. Adjusting kernel parameters is done by run-timecommands.

Furthermore, the kernel is automatically adjusted if the required number of resources isgreater than reserved by the kernel.

1 General description of adjusting UNIX kernels

1 - General description of adjusting UNIX kernels


1 - 2


2 - 1

The recommended values for the parameters presuppose the following conditions:

n a standard BAAN IV installationn use of the tbase databasen one active session per bshell

You should keep track of parameter usage with the aid of the sar command while working inBAAN IV and adjust them where necessary. This is of particular interest for BAAN IVcustomization.

When using other databases you should take the kernel tuning references from thecorresponding documentation into account as well. When using raw devices, set theparameters relating to the cache such as NBUF or BUFPAGES to low values, according tothe database specific documentation, not to the relatively high values suggested in thisdocument.

If there is more than one session active per bshell you must read “number of active sessions”where this document has “number of users”. It is recommended to calculate the values ofkernel parameters for at least 10 concurrent users, even if the number of actual concurrentusers is less.

2.1 Processes

Parameter Description Formula Error Notes

NPROC Specifies the maximumnumber of processes thatcan be run simultaneouslysystemwide.

NPROC = 64 *users or NPROC= 1.1 * MAXUP(which ever ishighest)

Message: error 11 Under the header proc-szthe command sar –vshows the maximumnumber of processes andthe number of runningprocesses.

MAXUPMAXUPROCMAXUPRC

Specifies the maximumnumber of processes thatcan be run per logon code.This restriction does notapply to the super user.

MAXUP = 64

MAXUPROC =100 (for IBM)

Message: error 11Message: forkfailed: too manyprocesses

If several users log in usingthe same logon code, thoseusers must share thisnumber of processes.

REGIONNREGION

Specifies the maximumnumber of program regionsthat can be active at thesame time. Each UNIXprocess has at least threeregions (text, data, andstack). The text part isshared if a program runsmore than once. Sharedmemory uses also the regionresources.

REGION = 3 *NPROC

Message: Regiontable overflow

If too much shared memoryis used in the case of, forinstance, the databasestbase and tbase_tp, thefollowing formula applies:REGION = 3.5 * NPROC

2 Kernel Parameters

2 - Kernel Parameters


2 - 2

2.2 Files


NFILE Specifies the maximumnumber of files that may beopened simultaneouslysystemwide

NFILE = 512 *users orNFILE >NPROC(highest result.)

Message: file tableoverflow - error 23

Under the header file-szthe command sar -vshows the number of openfiles and the maximumnumber of open files.

NOFILESSFNOLIM (SVR4)MAXFILES (HP)RLIM_FD_CUR(SUN)

Specifies the maximumnumber of files that can beopened per process.

NOFILES > 256 Message: error 24 On a SVR4 system theuser can use not only thekernel parameterSFNOLIM, but also theulimit -n 256 to changethe maximum number ofopen files per process.The new value only appliesto the current shell.

NFLOCKS (HP) Number of file locks NFLOCKS=100 *users



2 - 3

2.3 Buffers


NBUF (SVR3) Specifies the number ofsystem buffers available forblock I/O and data I/O.

NBUF = 1/3 oftotal internalmemory (SVR3)NBUF = 0 (HP)

Performanceproblems(use sar -b, sar -u)

Not for Oracle on rawdevices.

NBUF (SVR4) In UNIX SVR4, buffers onlycontain inode, superblock(s),and file header information;they do not contain file data.The actual file data is storedin pages of virtual memory(on an AT&T-GIS (NCR) theamount of virtual memoryavailable for this purpose isdetermined by theSEGMAPSZ parameter.)The NBUF parameterspecifies the number ofsystem buffer headersavailable for block I/O.

NBUF = default(for example 100)

Performanceproblems(use sar -b, sar -u)


NHBUF Specifies the number ofhash table entries that canbe allocated in the system.

NHBUF =1/5 *NBUF

Performanceproblems

The value of NHBUFmustbe a power of 2 except forOracle on raw devices.

BUFPAGES Specifies the number ofpages in the file systembuffer cache.

BUFPAGES =(1/3 of totalinternal memory) /4096. (HP)

Performanceproblems


SEGMAPSZ Specifies the size of bitmapfor file I/O. This mapdetermines the number of4K pages and therefore theamount of memory that canbe used for file I/O. If thevalue is 0, the kernelcalculates the value as afunction of the amount ofphysical memory.

SEGMAPSZ = 0 Performanceproblems.

BUFHWM Specifies the maximumamount of memory (in KB)that can be used by blockI/O buffers. If the value ofBUFHWM is 0 (the default),the kernel sets the value ofBUFHWM to 25% of theavailable memory.

BUFHWM = 0



2 - 4

2.4 Shared Memory


SHMALL Specifies the maximumnumber of shared memorytext segments that can becreated.

SHMALL =SHMMNI

Message: error 24

SHMMAX Specifies the maximum sizeof a shared memorysegment that can be createdin bytes. Several sharedmemory segments of thissize can be created in anenvironment (per process).

SHMMAX >4194304 (4MB) orSHMMAX>SHM_BUFSIZE(inBSE/lib/shm_param) (whichever ishighest)

Message:shmget failed -error 22. Cannotallocate M_SEG

See the BAAN IVTechnical Manual 5565 USfor the value ofSHM_BUFSIZE.

SHMMIN Specifies the minimum sizeof a shared memorysegment in bytes.

SHMMIN = 1

SHMMNI Specifies the maximumnumber of shared memoryidentifiers that can becreated systemwide.

SHMMNI =SHMSEG*environments

Message:shmget failed -error 28’

Test with ipcs -menvironments. This is thenumber of BAAN IVenvironments.

SHMSEG Specifies the maximumnumber of shared memorysegments that can becreated by a process.

SHMSEG = 30 Message: error 24



2 - 5

2.5 Semaphores


SEMMAP Specifies the number ofentries in the control mapused to managesemaphores. This map isused to keep track of freeareas in the system pool ofsemaphores.

SEMMAP =SEMMNI +2

Message: Mfree mapoverflow

SEMMNI Specifies the maximumnumber of semaphoreidentifiers in the kernel. Thisis the number of uniquesemaphore sets that can beactive at any given time.

SEMMNI = 32*users (min. 1024)

Message: error 28

SEMMNS Specifies the maximumnumber of semaphorespermitted in the system.

SEMMNS =SEMMNI

Test with: ipcs -sb

SEMMNU Specifies the number ofundo structures in thesystem.

SEMMNU =SEMMNI

Message: error 28

SEMUME Specifies the maximumnumber of undo entries perundo structure. Each undoentry represents asemaphore that has beenmodified with the undo flagspecified in the semop(2)system call.

SEMUME= 10 Message: error 22



2 - 6

2.6 Messages


MSGMAP Specifies the number ofentries in the control mapused to manage messagesegments. Each entry in thismap represents a free areain the message buffer area.

MSGMAP =default (forexample 100)

Message: mfree mapoverflow

MSGMAX Specifies the maximum sizeof a message in bytes.

MSGMAX = 4096or MSGMAX <MSGMNB(highest result).

Only if the protocol m(message queues) is listedin the file$BSE/lib/ipc_info, thevalue must be 4096

MSGMNB Specifies the maximumlength (in bytes) of amessage queue.

MSGMNB >=4096

Check with : ipcs -qo

MSGMNI Specifies the maximumnumber of message queuesthat can be usedsystemwide.

MSGMNI = 32 *users

Message:error 28

MSGSEG Specifies the number ofmessage segmentspermitted on the systemEach message on amessage queue consists ofone or more messagesegments (the size of eachsegment is specified by theMSGSSZ parameter).

MSGSEG =default(for example 1024)

MSGSSZ Specifies the size (in bytes)of a message segment.Each message consists of acontiguous set of messagesegments large enough tohold the text of themessage.

MSGSSZ =default (e.g.8)

MSGTQL Specifies the maximumnumber of messageheaders, that is themaximum number of openmessages.

MSGTQL = 32 *users



2 - 7

2.7 General kernel parameters


ULIMITHFSZLIMSFSZLIM

SVR3Specifies the maximum sizeof a single file on disk.

The kernel parameterULIMIT is not used inSVR4. SVR4 uses theparameter HFSZLIM forthe “hard” limit andSFSZLIM for the “soft”limit. These parameters arein bytes. SVR3 and SVR4both contain the built-incommand ulimit throughwhich the kernel parametervalue can be reduced.

NINODENS5INODE

Specifies the maximumnumber of open inodes thatcan be used in the SV filesystem. This concerns notonly the open files but alsoused pipes and the currentdirectory. The UFSNINODEparameter specifies thenumber of inodes for theUFS file systems.

NINODE > NFILEorNINODE=UFSNINODE

Message: inodetable overflow.

Under the headers s 5inod-sz and ufsinod-szthe command sar -v showsthe used and the totalnumber of inodes.

MAXDSIZSDATLIMHDATLIMMAXUMEM

Specifies the maximum sizein bytes of the process datasegment. The value ofSDATLIM cannot be largerthan that of the HDATLIMhard limit parameter.

MAXDSIZ =52428800 (50MB)MAXUMEM =12800 (50MB)

Message: no morespace

MAXDSIZ (in bytes)SDATLIM (in bytes)MAXUMEM (in 4096 bytesblocks)

SSTKLIMHSTKLIMMAXSSIZ

Specifies the maximum sizein bytes of the stacksegment for a process. Thevalue for SSTKLIM soft limitparameter cannot be largerthan that of the HSTKLIMhard limit parameter.

MAXSSIZ =52428800 (50Mb).

Message: no morespace

MAXUSERS(DES/OSF)

Reserves kernel table spacefor the number of usersspecified

MAXUSERS =number of users(min. val. 128)



2 - 8


3 - 1

For each UNIX system the following aspects are adressed:

n UNIX release data.n Adjustment of kernel parameters.n Kernel parameters, that might have to be adjusted.n Kernel generation.n Default boot kernel.n Booting a non-default kernel.n Booting in single user mode.n Shutdown commands.n Performance measurement tools.n Debugger tool for core traces.n System configuration command.n Swap space control commands.n Internal and external memory data.

3.1 HP 9000

a) UNIX release dataThe command uname-r displays the current release level of the HP-UX operating system. Forinstance: A.09.00, B.10.00. The command uname-v displays the current version level of theHP-UX operating system. For instance: B.

b) Adjustment of kernel parameterHP differentiates between workstations and servers. Use the command uname-m to find out.The coding conventions for workstations is 9000/7xx, for instance: 9000/715. The codingconventions for servers is 9000/8xx, for instance: 9000/827.A workstation under release 9.xx, a server under release 9.xx and a workstation/server underrelease 10.xx each have their own paths.

Workstation under release 9.xx:Path: /etc/conf.File name: dfile or dfile.[ext], [ext] being an extension such as full, old, min or BCKUP.

Server under release 9.xx:Path: /etc/conf/gen.File name : S800.

Workstation/server under release 10.xxPath: /stand.File name: system.

The parameters in the files dfile, S800 and system, respectively, can be changed manually viaan editor or by using the sam system administrator.

c) Kernel parameters, that might have to be adjusted

bufpages maxuprc nfile semmni shmmnimaxdsiz msgmax nflocks semmns shmsegmaxfiles msgmnb ninode semmnumaxssiz msgmni nproc semumemaxssiz msgtql semmap shmmaxulimit is not a kernel parameter but a command (units of 512 bytes).

3 Aspects per UNIX system

3 - Aspects per UNIX system


3 - 2

d) Kernel generationOn a workstation under release 9.xx a kernel is generated from the parameter file dfile (ordfile.[ext]):

cd/etc/confconfig dfile (or config dfile.[ext]make-f config.mk

On a server under release 9.xx a kernel is generated from the parameter file S800:cd/etc/conf/genuxgen S800

On a workstation/server under release 10.xx:cd /standmk_kernel

e) Default boot kernelAs a safety precaution copy the current kernel to a backup file.On a workstation under release 9.xx:

cp/hp-ux <backup flename>cp/etc/conf/hp-ux/hp-ux

On a server under release 9.xx:cp/hp-ux<backup flename>cp/etc/conf/S800/hp-ux/hp-ux

On a workstation/server under release 10.xxcp/vmunix<backup flename>cp/stand/build/vmunix_test/stand/vmunix

f) Booting a non-default kernelAnswer the questions asked during system booting as follows.

boot from primary path: yinteract with IPL: yISL> hpux disc0(4.0.0;4)/<backup filename> (example)

g) Booting in single user modeAnswer the questions asked on system boot.

boot from primary path: yinteract with IPL: yISL> hpux –is disc0(4.0.0;4)/hp-ux (example)

h) Shutdown commands/etc/shutdown,/etc/reboot

i) Performance measurement toolsOn a workstation under release 9.xx : vmstat, top.On a server under release 9.xx : sar, vmstat, top, glance, iostat.On a workstation/server under release 10.xx : sar, vmstat, top, glance, iostat, perfview.

j) Debugger tool for core tracesxdb



3 - 3

k) System configuration commandsam

l) Swap space control commandsswapinfo, swapon or the general configuration command sam.

m) Internal and external memory dataInternal, release 9.xx: /etc/dmesgInternal, release 10.xx: /usr/sbin/dmesgExternal: df, bdf.



3 - 4

3.2 IBM RS/600

a) UNIX release dataThe command uname-v shows the version for example 4.

The command uname-r shows the release for example1.

There is a more detailed level, for example 4.1.2 or 4.1.4, available via the oslevel command.An IBM can be upgraded from 4.1.2 to 4.1.4 by installing patches. Enter lslpp-l to getinformation on installed patches.

b) Adjustments of kernel parametersThe kernel of an IBM is fully dynamic and has no kernel parameter file.

c) Kernel parameters that may have to be adjustedThe command lsattr-l sys0-E-H returns a list of kernel parameters. Only those that aremarked with the word 'True' can be adjusted, using the command chdev. To adjust thenumber of processes per user id, enter:

chdev –l sys0 –a maxuproc=100

d) Kernel generationNot applicable for IBM RS/6000. See b) and c).

e) Default boot kernelNot applicable for IBM RS/6000. See b) and c).

f) Booting a non-default kernelNot applicable for IBM RS/6000. See b) and c).

g) Booting in single user modeOnly possible from installation (or bootable backup) tape

h) Shutdown commands/etc/reboot, /etc/shutdown

i) Performance measurements toolssar, vmstat, monitor

j) Debugger tool for core tracesdbx

k) System configuration commandsmit

l) Swap space control commandslsps –a, smit, pgsp

m) Internal and external memory dataInternal: lscfg-v-p, svomExternal: df



3 - 5

3.3 DEC Alpha

a) Unix release dataThe command uname-r shows the release.For example. V2.0, V2.1, V3.0.The command uname-v shows the version.For example. 240, 250.

b) Adjustment of kernel parametersParameter subsystems can be displayed with sysconfig-s. To display the parameters of aparticular subsystem, the command sysconfig-q subsystem_name could be used. (That issysconfig-q ipc to display ipc parameters)

Static parameters:Path: /usr/sys/confFile: `uname –n`, param.c

After changing a parameter in this file you have to generate a new kernel.

Dynamic parameters:Path: /etcFile: sysconfigtab

The parameters in this file are processed to the kernel on booting. They overrule the staticparameters.

c) Kernel parameters that may have to be adjustedIn the file for static parameters:

maxdsiz semmni shmmax shmsegmaxssiz semmns shmminmaxusers semume shmmni

In the file for dynamic parameters:msg-max num-of-sems sem-opm shm-minmsg-mnb sem-aem sem-ume shm-mnimsg-mni sem-mni sem-vmx shm-segmsgtql sem-msl shm-max

d) Kernel generationcd /usr/sys/confdoconfig –c <system_name>

e) Default boot kernelcp /usr/sys/<system_name>/vmUNIX /

f) Booting a non-default kernelFrom the firmware prompt:

>>> boot –fi /vmunix.old



3 - 6

g) Booting in single user modeFrom the firmware prompt:(note that you have to type two single quotation marks after ... osflags)

>>> set boot_osflags ''>>> boot

Reset to booting in multi user mode.>>> set boot_osflags 'A'

h) Shutdown commandsshutdown, reboot

i) Performance measurement toolsvmstat, ulimit –a


k) System configuration commandsetup.

l) Swap space control commandsswapon –s

m) Internal and external memory dataInternal: uerfExternal: df



3 - 7

3.4 UnixWare

a) UNIX release dataThe command uname –v shows the version. For example. 2.0.The command uname –r shows the release. For example. 4.2.

b) Adjustments of kernel parametersCommand: /etc/conf/bin/idtune [-f | -m] [-c] parameter valuePath: /etc/conf/cf.dFile: stune

The file /etc/conf/cf.d/mtune contains the default values. This file is generated from the filesin the directory /etc/conf/mtune.d. The four columns in these files contain the parametername, default, minimum and maximum values. You are recommended to use the commandidtune to adjust kernel parameters.

c) Kernel parameters, that may have to be adjustedHDATLIM MSGMNI SDATLIM SHMMAXHFNOLIM MSGTQL SEMMAP SHMMINHFSZLIM NBUF SEMMNI SHMMNIHSTKILM NHBUF SEMMNS SHMSEGHVMMLIM NINODE SEMMNU SSTKLIMMAXUP NPROC SEMUME SVMMLIMMSGMAX NUMREGPT SFNOLIMMSGMNB NUMSCOPT SFSZLIM

to set SFNOLIM at runtime add in /etc/profile the line ulimit -n 256.

in latest version the variables SEMMAP, SEMMNI, SEMMNU, and SEMMNS cannot ordo not need to be tuned anymore.

the following commands should be executed from a startup script as the related parameterscannot be tuned permanently.

ulimit -Hv unlimitedulimit -Hd 51200ulimit -Hs 51200ulimit -Sv unlimitedulimit -Sd 51200ulimit -Ss 51200ulimit -Sn 1024

To adjust the number of semaphores adjust the file tbase_config

d) How to generate a new kernelcd /etc/conf/bin./idbuild –B

If you call the program idbuild without any options the file /etc/conf/rebuild is created. Ifthis file is found on reboot a new kernel is created automatically.

Note 1

Note 2

Note 3



3 - 8

e) Default boot kernelThe program idbuild creates the file /etc/conf/.copy_unix. If this file is found on shutdown,the new kernel is automatically made the default kernel. Should you have to do this manually,enter the following commands:

mv /stand/UNIX /stand/unix.oldcp /etc/conf/cf.d/UNIX /stand/UNIX

f) Booting a non-default kernelWhen the message Booting the UNIX System appears, press the space bar. When you see themessage Enter the name of the UNIX System to boot:, enter unix.old and press <Enter>.

See UNIXware System Administration System Setup and Configuration page 2-30.

g) Booting in single user modeBoot from a boot diskette.

h) Shutdown commandsshutdown –i0 –g0 –y

i) Performance measurement toolssar

j) Debugger tool for core tracessdb

k) System configuration commandsysadm

l) Swap space control commandsswap –s, swap –l

m) Internal and external memory dataInternal: prtconfExternal: df –k

n) How to increase the number of socket connectionsThere are several causes that lead to not having enough socket connections:

1 If ulimit value is to low, increase the SFNOLIM parameter.2 For UNIX Domain sockets, the value of the third field in /etc/conf/sdevice.d/ticotsmay be set too low: increase value.3 For Internet Domain sockets the value of the third field in /etc/conf/sdevice.d/tcp may

be set too low: increase value.Increase these numbers (for example to 4096) and rebuild the kernel with:

idbuild -M ticots

and

idbuild -M tcp



3 - 9

3.5 SCO UNIX

a) UNIX release dataThe command uname –v shows the version number, for example 2.The command uname –r shows the release number, for example 3.2.

However, these commands do not yield complete information. The command uname –Xprovides more details,for example Release = 3.2V4.0 or 3.2V4.2. The command swconfigshows the release per part of the operating system

b) Adjustment of kernel parameterPath: /etc/conf/cf.d

The file 'mtune' contains the boundaries and the default values of the kernel parameters. Thelines in this file have 4 columns.

Column 1 is the kernel parameter name.Column 2 is the default value of the parameter.Column 3 is the minimum value of the parameter.Column 4 is the maximum value of the parameter.

SEMMNU 30 10 200

The file stune contains the non–default kernel parameters. The lines in this file have 2columns.

Column 1 is the kernel parameter name.Column 2 is the value of the parameter.

If a parameter is not available in the stune file the default value from the file mtune is used.In order to adjust kernel parameters you have to change the file stune and, possibly, the filemtune.

c) Kernel parameters that may have to be adjusted

MAXUMEM NBUF NREGION SHMALLMAXUP NFILE SEMMAP SHMMAXMSGMAX NHBUF SEMMNI SHMMINMSGMNB NINODE SEMMNS SHMMNIMSGMNI NOFILES SEMMNU SHMSEGMSGTQL NPROC SEMUME ULIMIT

e) Kernel generationcd /etc/conf/bin./idbuild

Example



3 - 10

f) Default boot kernelThe program idbuild asks the following question:

Do you want this kernel to boot by default? (y/n)

The new kernel becomes the default kernel if you answer y.

The program idbuild creates the file /etc/.new_unix. If this file is found on rebooting, thenew kernel is automatically made the default kernel. Should you have to do this manually,enter the following commands:

mv /unix /unix.oldchmod 0440 /etc/conf/cf.d/unixchgrp mem /etc/conf/cf.d/unixchown bin /etc/conf/cf.d/unixmv /etc/conf/cf.d/unix /unix

g) Booting a non-default kernelWhen booting, the system shows the prompt:

Boot:

If you do not enter the name of an alternate kernel within about 1 minute the system bootsusing the default kernel. <Return> or <Enter> will terminate the one minute countdown andthe system will boot the default kernel immediately.

h) Booting in a single user modeWhen booting, the system shows the prompt:

Boot:

If you press <Enter > within about 1 minute, the following prompt is shown:Enter root password for system maintenance or type Control-D for multi-user

If you enter the root password the computer stays in single user mode.

i) Shutdown commands/etc/shutdown, /etc/reboot, sync;sync;sync;haltsys

j) Performance measurement toolssar, vmstat

k) Debugger tool for core tracessdb

l) System configuration commandsysadmsh

m) Swap space control commandsswap –l

n) Swap space control commandsInternal: memsizeExternal: df



3 - 11

3.6 Sequent/Dynix 3.2 v2.1.2

a) UNIX release dataThe command uname –r shows the release. For example 3.2.0, 4.0.The command uname –v shows the version. For example V2.1.2, V4.0.0.

b) Adjustment of kernel parametersUse program menu and select the following menus with keystrokes:

System Administration AKernel Configuration Csymmetry sb8000 sysname Select-^T kEnter new kernel configuration type sysnameChoose a kernel environment type CConfigure for audit? nDescription from kernel <some descriptive text>Visibility level for parameter changes AThe starting machine type symmetryRun-^FAll config files listed Select-^T Run-^F

NOFILES 64 Select-^T Run-^FSet: s1024 Run-^F

WAIT for compile to complete? YQueue kernel for automatic install? YThe machine type symmetryThe architecture type sb8000The configuration type <system name> Run-^FCopying /etc/conf/uts/symmetry.<system name>/unix to /unix.<system name>.TBIThe /unix.<system name>.TBI' kernel will be installed automatically at next reboot.Press RETURN to redisplay menu <RETURN> OR <ENTER>Exit-^XExit system? (y or n) y

c) Kernel parameters to be adjusted

(BUFPAGES) NBUF SEMMAP SHMMAXMAXUP NFILE SEMMNI SHMMINMSGMAX NHBUF SEMMNS SHMMNIMSGMNB NINODE SEMMNU SHMSEGMSGMNI NOFILES SEMUME UlLIMIT (not with release 4.0)MSGTQL NPROC SHMGAP=16MB

(Only with release 4.0) SDATLIM, HDATLIM, SSTKLIM, HSTKLIM, SVMMLIM,HVMMLIM.

d) Kernel generationUse menu (see b) or the following commands:

cd /etc/conf/utsconfigcd /etc/conf/uts/symmetry.stdmake install



3 - 12

e) Default boot kernelDuring startup the new kernel is copied to /unix. The old kernel is stored as /unix.prev. If/unix.prev already exists, it will be overwritten. If you think you might need the originalunix.prev file, you will have to save it before you shut down the system.

f) Booting a non-default kernelSee Sequent documentation.

g) Booting in single user modeSee Sequent documentation.

h) Shutdown commandsshutdown –i0 –g0 –y (closes the system immediately; please refer to the manual pages forinformation about the use of the options)



k) System configuration commandmenu

l) Swap space control commands/etc/swap –l

m) Internal and external memory dataInternal : showcfg, dmesgExternal : df



3 - 13

3.7 Sequent/Dynix 4.0 v4.1.3

a) Unix release dataThe command uname –r shows the release. For example 3.2.0, 4.0.The command uname –v shows the version. For example V2.1.2, V4.0.0.

b) Adjustment of kernel parametersUse the program menu and select the following menus with keystrokes:

System Administration AKernel Configuration Csymmetry sb8000 sysname Select-^T kEnter new kernel configuration type sysnameChoose a kernel environment type CConfigure for audit? nVisibility level for parameter changes ARun-^FAll config files listed Select-^T Run-^F

NOFILES 64 Select-^T Run-^FSet: s1024 Run-^F

WAIT for compile to complete? YQueue kernel for automatic install? YThe machine type symmetryThe architecture type sb8000The configuration type <system name> Run-^FCopying /etc/conf/uts/symmetry.<system name>/unix to /unix.<system name>.TBIThe /unix.<system name>.TBI kernel will be installed automatically at next reboot.Press RETURN to redisplay menu <RETURN> or <ENTER>Exit-^XExit system? (y or n) y

c) Kernel parameters that may have to be adjusted

(BUFPAGES) NBUF SEMMAP SHMMINMAXUP NFILE SEMMNI SHMMNIMSGMAX NHBUF SEMMNS SHMSEGMSGMNB NINODE SEMMNUMSGMNI NOFILES SEMUMEMSGTQL NPROC SHMMAX

(Only with release 4.0) SDATLIM, HDATLIM, SSTKLIM, HSTKLIM, SVMMLIM,HVMMLIM.

d) Kernel generationUse menu (see b) or the following commands:

cd /etc/conf/utsconfigcd /etc/conf/uts/symmetry.stdmake install

e) Default boot kernelOn boot the new kernel is copied to /unix. The old kernel is stored as /unix.prev.



3 - 14

f) Booting a non-default kernelSee Sequent documentation.

g) Booting in single user modeSee Sequent documentation.

h) Shutdown commandsshutdown –i0 –g0 –y



k) System configuration commandmenu

l) Swap space control commands/etc/swap –l

m) Internal and external memory dataInternal: showcfg, dmesgExternal: df



3 - 15

3.8 Sun

a) UNIX release dataThe command uname –r shows the release. For example 5.4.The command uname –v shows the version. For example Generic_101945-10.

b) Adjustment of kernel parametersPath: /etcFile: system

c) Kernel parameters, that may have to be adjustedrlim_fd_cursemsys:seminfo_semmnisemsys:seminfo_semmnssemsys:seminfo_semmnushmsys:shminfo_shmmaxshmsys:shminfo_shmseg

The rlim_fd_cur parameter is undocumented; its name might change in or it may be removedfrom later releases.

d) Kernel generationOn boot the file /etc/system is read. It configures the search path for loadable operatingsystem modules and allows kernel variables to be set. For more information see the manual 4system.

e) Default boot kernelNot applicable for a Sun. See d).

f) Booting a non-default kernelSee Sun documentation.

g) Booting in single user modeSee Sun documentation.

h) Shutdown commandsshutdown

i) Performance measurement toolssar, vmstat, iostat

j) Debugger tool for core tracesadb, dbx (only available when SPARCWorks has been installed)

k) System configuration commandadmintool

l) Swap space control commandsswap

m) Internal and external memory dataInternal: prtconfExternal: df

Note



3 - 16

baan iv kernel tuning guide for baan ivbaansupport.com/docs/baan/baan iv kernel tuning guide...

Documents