bacip pakistan disaster mitigation
TRANSCRIPT
Building and Construction Improvement Program
Aga Khan Planning and Building Service, Pakistan
Nawab Ali Khan January 15, 2014
Snap Shot of Aga Khan Development Network
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Context: Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
Situated at the junction of Karakoram, Hamalaya and Hindukush/14 world highest
mountains
About 73 Sq Km area, Over 1.5 M people, extremely dependent on
natural resources
80% living in high seismic activity area (Zone 3 and 4)
Over 90% houses non engineered
Source: UNHabitat, 2010. Building Codes of Pakistan, 2007
Historic Events
Kashmir Earthquake 2005 (MW 7.6): 87350 killed, 70,000 were injured and over 3.5 million rendered (Sources: EFFIT 2005, and Bilham, R. 2005)
Astore (MW 5.5) 2002: Killed 23
Darel 1981 (MW 5.8): killed 222
1974 Pattan (Mw 6.2): killed 5300
Khaplu – Ghache 2007 (Source: Hughes, R., 2003)
6th PAC
Over 90% houses are non engineerd
Historical Earthquakes in Northern Pakistan
7.4 magnitude spread over 27,000 sq. km
80,000 killed and 3 million homeless
84% of all housing stock
90% education and health facilities
Water sources / infrastructure
Physical infrastructure
Challenges for reconstruction efforts
Over 1000 aftershocks
The Kashmir Earthquake
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Destructions due to Earthquake in Kashmir
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Stone Masonry Failure in Earthquake
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Stage 3 – Adoption/Replication and institutionalisation
Building guidelines & PEC endorsement
Academic institutions
Financing
Stage 2 – Capacity Building
Entrepreneurship Training of Artisans
Stage 1 – Action Research
Problem identification
Development of Solutions
Demonstration Projects
BACIP-Program Stages
PEC: Pakistan Engineering Council 8
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Housing Improvement Solutions
60 solutions developed focused around 5 housing issues
Thermal efficiency
Illumination
Indoor air Pollution
Cooking and heating
Seismic Resilient buildings
Excessive use of timber in traditional Construction
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BACIP GIWire Technology for new construction
Retrofitting Solutions for existing buildings
Knowledge Management - Training Manuals
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Revisited 20 houses and assessed the performance of interventions based on the following Impact indicators.
o Users’ Satisfaction o Beneficiary Targeting o Replication and Scale up o Technical Performance o Livelihood
Post construction study of 20 houses
100% respondents expressed increase in level of satisfaction
Increased safety, comfort and decreased level of maintenance
Reduced chances of subsequent damages
User Satisfaction
“Retrofitting has made house stronger and resistant against various risks and it also helped us save our money that was being spent on repairing cracks and other damages of our houses(Mirza Murad, Tushkin, Ishkoman).
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“Retrofitting has been done in our house with the application of different earthquake resistant construction techniques….. Other energy efficient and housing improvement products have been also installed. ….these techniques have enhanced the resilience of our house and also it’s energy efficiency therefore it is now more comfortable, safe, durable and secure… …” Bibi Zar.
“These houses are safe from hazards. These are thermally efficient and earthquake resistant....” (Mr. Fida Muhammad,)
Retrofitted houses have proved that the BACIP developed and applied technology is very useful to withstand hazard and has contributed to minimise repairing and have saved money significantly” (one of the female participants of FGD said).
“.....it gave us mental satisfaction as we feel that our lives are safe if any earthquake strikes out region...” (Janat Khan, Puniyal).
“...if any seismic disaster occurs now, I have enough time to move outside of the house even with this disability...” (Mr. Shahbaz)
User Satisfaction
Beneficiary Expressions
Beneficiary Targeting
20 house/180 people
100% original owners
100 % Occupancy
Additional Spaces created after reconstruction
Maintenance cost lowered
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Replication
253 buildings constructed/About 700
applications
Replication in private homes slow
Affordability is major issue
Adoption high amongst public/community buildings
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Technical designs vetted and endorsed by relevant national institutions/authorities/Universities
The region witnessed a number of
seismic jolts of various magnitude during last few years.
No cracks witnessed on the walls or other damages as the results of these jolts (respondents).
During the Attabad disaster a whole neighbourhood of Gulmit Goz collapsed except the one house of Mr. Raoof which was built using BACIP wire technology
In terms of thermal efficiency up to 60% fuel wood was saved
Technical Performance
Livelihoods
Savings on maintenance
Households asset building
Increased level of safety
Savings on medical expenses as result of reduction in ARI and cold related diseases
Savings on fire wood consumption
•Integrated design principles were
applied including seismic resilience,
thermal efficiency, illumination, indoor
air pollution control.
• Availability of technical assistance
•Availability of material/technology
•Availability of trained artisans
•BACIP did not change the
traditional home design. It made
technical improvements
•Loan financing for housing improvements
Access to finance Design Local
Integrated design has
high impact Technology is
accessible
Lessons learned and way forward
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Awards and Accolades
Thanks