BASIC MANAGEMENT BASIC MANAGEMENT IN IN

CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION

Software for Construction Software for Construction ManagementManagement

Primavera Project PlannerPrimavera Project Planner Microsoft ProjectMicrosoft Project

CONSTRUCTION MONITORINGCONSTRUCTION MONITORING

PRE-CONSTRUCTION ANALYSISPRE-CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS

CONSTRUCTION OBSERVATIONCONSTRUCTION OBSERVATION

FUND CONTROLFUND CONTROL

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PRE-CONSTRUCTION ANALYSISANALYSIS

Evaluate the proposed budget, Evaluate the proposed budget, improvements, and arrangements for improvements, and arrangements for construction. construction.

Consist of: Consist of: 1. 1. Document ReviewDocument Review

-Review of available design documents, -Review of available design documents, plans and specifications to assess plans and specifications to assess whether they are sufficiently complete to whether they are sufficiently complete to construct the project. construct the project.

2. 2. Budget reviewBudget review

- verify the cost of completing the work at - verify the cost of completing the work at the designated cost and on the timetable the designated cost and on the timetable forecast. This includes an analysis of the forecast. This includes an analysis of the construction budget, schedule of values, construction budget, schedule of values, and construction schedule and construction schedule

CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION OBSERVATIONOBSERVATION

Monitor the quality, cost, and rate of Monitor the quality, cost, and rate of completion for the project as it is completion for the project as it is constructed. constructed.

Consist of:Consist of:

1. 1. Construction Quality ReviewConstruction Quality Review

- review of essential documentation to - review of essential documentation to confirm that the general contractor is confirm that the general contractor is building the project in accordance with the building the project in accordance with the construction documents.construction documents.

2. 2. Construction Budget ReviewConstruction Budget Review

- - monthly assess to funds that are monthly assess to funds that are required in line with percentages of work required in line with percentages of work completed and that there are sufficient completed and that there are sufficient funds remaining in the budget to complete funds remaining in the budget to complete the project. the project.

3. 3. Monthly Pay Request ReviewMonthly Pay Request Review

- - the recommendation or approval of the the recommendation or approval of the disbursement of funds. disbursement of funds.

4. 4. Project Close OutProject Close Out

- - a final punch- list and assembly of a final punch- list and assembly of important documentation including important documentation including warranties and instruction manualswarranties and instruction manuals. .

CONSTRUCTION FUND CONSTRUCTION FUND CONTROLCONTROL

Collection of invoices and statements Collection of invoices and statements from the general contractor, from the general contractor, subcontractors, suppliers and other subcontractors, suppliers and other parties. parties.

Verification that each invoice is legitimate Verification that each invoice is legitimate and correct with the proper maintenance. and correct with the proper maintenance.

Confirmation that the required Confirmation that the required documentation is in proper order to documentation is in proper order to protect the lending institution, including protect the lending institution, including conditional or final license releases. conditional or final license releases.

MATERIALS MANAGEMENTMATERIALS MANAGEMENT

Materials at site need to be managed to provide good quality materials

Definition of material managementDefinition of material management

Described as the concept of planning, purchasing, production and inventory control through storage and material handling

HOW CAN IT BE DONE?HOW CAN IT BE DONE?

Two ways…..Two ways…..

1. PULL SYSTEM METHOD1. PULL SYSTEM METHOD2. PUSH SYSTEM METHOD2. PUSH SYSTEM METHOD

PULL SYSTEM METHODPULL SYSTEM METHOD

Replenishment systems triggered by Replenishment systems triggered by the usage or depletion of stock.the usage or depletion of stock.

They are a group of techniques that They are a group of techniques that aim to ensure that when stock is aim to ensure that when stock is used, it is replenished used, it is replenished (Replacement ).(Replacement ).

PUSH SYSTEM METHODPUSH SYSTEM METHOD

Triggered by interpretation of the Triggered by interpretation of the expected demand and scheduling of expected demand and scheduling of supply to meet that demand.supply to meet that demand.

BENEFIT IN MATERIAL BENEFIT IN MATERIAL MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT

SystematicSystematic

Effectiveness construction Effectiveness construction management can reduce cost of management can reduce cost of project.project.

Reduce Cost ProjectsReduce Cost Projects

With efficient management, cost of With efficient management, cost of construction project that are given construction project that are given will be saved.will be saved.

Increase ProductivityIncrease Productivity

With minimum of cost, consultant With minimum of cost, consultant also can increase their own also can increase their own productivity by minimizing the productivity by minimizing the labour’s energy.labour’s energy.

Time ManagementTime Management

Project will be constructed on time or Project will be constructed on time or early than expected.early than expected.

Can save money to pay wage of Can save money to pay wage of labourlabour

PROBLEM OCCURS IN PROBLEM OCCURS IN CONSTRUCTION SITECONSTRUCTION SITE

TYPE OF PROBLEMTYPE OF PROBLEM

Weather Weather NoiseNoise DustDust DrainageDrainage Project DelayProject Delay Site ErosionSite Erosion

WeatherWeather

Caused:Caused:

Heavy rains will cause flood to Heavy rains will cause flood to happen near surrounding area.happen near surrounding area.

FloodFlood

DrainageDrainage

Project DelayProject Delay

Construction delays are the rule, not Construction delays are the rule, not the exception. Most construction the exception. Most construction work is performed out-of-doors. work is performed out-of-doors. Weather, alone, can play havoc with Weather, alone, can play havoc with schedules. Then, there are change schedules. Then, there are change orders, site problems, labor disputes, orders, site problems, labor disputes, shipping delays, supply backlogs, shipping delays, supply backlogs, subcontractor problems, and subcontractor problems, and accidents. Always have a accidents. Always have a contingency plan for delays. contingency plan for delays.

Site ErosionSite Erosion

Site erosion control requires three Site erosion control requires three elements to protect downslope property, elements to protect downslope property, the storm drainage system, and receiving the storm drainage system, and receiving waters. The first involves diverting water waters. The first involves diverting water from upslope, undisturbed areas so that it from upslope, undisturbed areas so that it does not flow across disturbed land. This does not flow across disturbed land. This preventive measure can reduce the preventive measure can reduce the volume of water and energy available to volume of water and energy available to transport soil exposed by construction transport soil exposed by construction activityactivity

Factors that leads to low Factors that leads to low productivityproductivity

PRODUCTIVITYPRODUCTIVITY Productivity can be defined in many ways. Productivity can be defined in many ways.

In construction, productivity is usually In construction, productivity is usually taken to mean labor productivity, that is, taken to mean labor productivity, that is, units of work placed or produced per man-units of work placed or produced per man-hour. This measure of productivity has hour. This measure of productivity has several advantages: the meaning of the several advantages: the meaning of the term labor productivity is relatively well term labor productivity is relatively well understood; labour productivity is often understood; labour productivity is often the greatest source of variation in overall the greatest source of variation in overall construction productivity; and the construction productivity; and the productivity of other inputs can often be productivity of other inputs can often be measured with respect to labour measured with respect to labour productivity. productivity.

LOSS OF PRODUCTIVITYLOSS OF PRODUCTIVITY

Loss of productivity is defined here Loss of productivity is defined here as the reduction in productivity as the reduction in productivity caused by unanticipated conditions. caused by unanticipated conditions. Such conditions may include adverse Such conditions may include adverse weather, scheduled overtime, and weather, scheduled overtime, and material delivery problems.material delivery problems.

POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PRODUCTIVITY POSSIBLE CAUSES OF PRODUCTIVITY LOSSLOSS

Adverse Weather and Environmental Adverse Weather and Environmental ConditionsConditions

Precipitation, wind, and extremes of temperature and humidity may lead to reduce performance due to both physical and psychological factors. It is harder to work in conditions that are very hot, very cold, or very humid, or when it is raining, snowing, or extremely windy.

Scheduled OvertimeScheduled Overtime

Losses are generally attributed to Losses are generally attributed to fatigue and to a decrease in worker fatigue and to a decrease in worker motivation. Therefore, to keep motivation. Therefore, to keep workers motivated, it should be workers motivated, it should be possible to minimize the impact of possible to minimize the impact of overtime. overtime.

DisruptionsDisruptions

The effect that disruptions can have on productivity may in many cases be the result of a failure to properly manage the unanticipated conditions. For example, if disrupted material deliveries are causing crew idle time, and a resultant loss of productivity, it may be possible to reduce crew size to eliminate the idle time. The activity duration may be extended, but no loss of productivity would result .

Additional FactorsAdditional Factors

Factors such as low morale, poor supervision, Factors such as low morale, poor supervision, poor training, and unsafe working conditions are poor training, and unsafe working conditions are generally related to worker motivation. The generally related to worker motivation. The organization and management of the site can organization and management of the site can have a great impact on productivity . Motivation have a great impact on productivity . Motivation and productivity can be further reduced by and productivity can be further reduced by unsafe working conditions.unsafe working conditions... Further discussions of Further discussions of construction safety and productivity are available. construction safety and productivity are available. Other factors including out-of-sequence work, Other factors including out-of-sequence work, congestion, dilution of supervision, and congestion, dilution of supervision, and unavailability of manpower are frequently cited unavailability of manpower are frequently cited as potential causes of productivity loss. In some as potential causes of productivity loss. In some instances, acceleration, change orders, and instances, acceleration, change orders, and delays are cited as causes of productivity loss delays are cited as causes of productivity loss

Methods to improve construction Methods to improve construction productivityproductivity

Step 1: Instill Pride In Your Step 1: Instill Pride In Your Workers Workers

The construction process depends on The construction process depends on the efforts of construction workers . the efforts of construction workers . The high dependence on labor efforts The high dependence on labor efforts is compounded by the fact that many is compounded by the fact that many construction workers view construction workers view themselves as working for a job themselves as working for a job rather than working for a firm .rather than working for a firm .

Step 2: Improve CommunicationsStep 2: Improve Communications

Poor communication leads to more Poor communication leads to more than poor worker attitudes; it leads than poor worker attitudes; it leads to unnecessary work and makes it to unnecessary work and makes it impossible to adequate gauge work impossible to adequate gauge work progress. There are two types of progress. There are two types of communication that are critical to a communication that are critical to a productive jobsite - oral productive jobsite - oral communication and written communication and written communication communication

Step 3: Lay Out A Step 3: Lay Out A Productive JobsiteProductive Jobsite

Poor lay out of construction logistics Poor lay out of construction logistics or facilities may result to low or facilities may result to low productivity. For example, if the productivity. For example, if the materials storage location is such materials storage location is such that workers have to continually walk that workers have to continually walk long distances to get needed long distances to get needed materials, hours of nonproductive materials, hours of nonproductive

labor time will resultlabor time will result. .

Step 4: Schedule Your WorkStep 4: Schedule Your Work

There is little doubt that the industry There is little doubt that the industry has made more use of formalized has made more use of formalized schedules in recent years. This has schedules in recent years. This has been enhanced by the availability of been enhanced by the availability of many computer software programs many computer software programs that have lowered the time and cost that have lowered the time and cost of preparing such schedules to of preparing such schedules to improve onsite productivityimprove onsite productivity

Step 5: Analyze Project ReportsStep 5: Analyze Project Reports

All the project reports must have All the project reports must have been analyzed and translated been analyzed and translated correctly to avoid any damage on correctly to avoid any damage on construction building and to ensure construction building and to ensure completed on time completed on time

Step 6: Manage Equipment Step 6: Manage Equipment Productively Productively

Less spoilt equipment, the faster the Less spoilt equipment, the faster the work can be completedwork can be completed

Step 7: Improve SafetyStep 7: Improve Safety

A productive job is a safe job. A worker is A productive job is a safe job. A worker is as likely or more likely to get hurt when he as likely or more likely to get hurt when he is non-productive than when he is is non-productive than when he is performing productive work. A worker in a performing productive work. A worker in a state of boredom may find his mind state of boredom may find his mind wandering or become careless to the point wandering or become careless to the point that he puts himself or others in an that he puts himself or others in an accident-prone situation. Let them know accident-prone situation. Let them know the rules and regulations in construction the rules and regulations in construction

site to prevent accidents.site to prevent accidents.

Step 8: Pay Attention To QualityStep 8: Pay Attention To Quality

Program for productivity improvement Program for productivity improvement needs to be attentive to performing high-needs to be attentive to performing high-quality work. When less than desirable quality work. When less than desirable quality is accepted, workers can conclude quality is accepted, workers can conclude that a subpar work effort is also that a subpar work effort is also acceptable. Poor quality can have a acceptable. Poor quality can have a tendency to cause the worker to lose pride tendency to cause the worker to lose pride in his work effort, and increases the in his work effort, and increases the possibility of redo work, directly increasing possibility of redo work, directly increasing the required number of worker hours to the required number of worker hours to finish the project. finish the project.

FACTORS LEADING TO FACTORS LEADING TO MATERIAL WASTAGEMATERIAL WASTAGE

The availability of relatively inexpensive The availability of relatively inexpensive (currently free) means of waste (currently free) means of waste disposal.disposal.

Generally low environmental awareness of the Generally low environmental awareness of the construction industry.construction industry.

Improper preparation and handling, Improper preparation and handling, misuse, and incorrect processing are misuse, and incorrect processing are the major causes of materials the major causes of materials wastage on construction sites.wastage on construction sites.

Table below shows Table below shows the ranking of the the ranking of the major waste major waste producing producing construction construction activities reported activities reported by the respondents by the respondents of a questionnaire of a questionnaire survey conducted survey conducted by the Hong Kong by the Hong Kong Polytechnic Polytechnic University.University.

Construction ProcessConstruction Process    RankRank  

FormworkFormwork 11   

Finish work  Finish work  2  2 

Concrete workConcrete work 3 3 

Masonry work  Masonry work  44   

Material handlingMaterial handling 5 5 

Scaffolding workScaffolding work 66   

HoardingHoarding 77   

MATERIAL WASTAGEMATERIAL WASTAGE

TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION WASTAGEWASTAGE

TIMBER WASTETIMBER WASTE CONCRETE WASTECONCRETE WASTE PAPERS/DOCUMENT WASTAGEPAPERS/DOCUMENT WASTAGE PLANT WASTAGEPLANT WASTAGE WATER WATSAGEWATER WATSAGE CHEMICAL WASTECHEMICAL WASTE