basic research skills: referencing & bibliography making june 12–14, 2012 lrc – graduate...

Basic Research Skills: Referencing &

Bibliography MakingJune 12–14, 2012

LRC – Graduate School

Prepared by: Nirvana G. Ramos Graduate School Librarian

REFERENCING

Referencing refers to citing authorities or support for an argument, especially in a book or paper.

“Referencing,” Your Dictionary, http://www.yourdictionary.com/referencing (accessed April 12, 2012).

http://www.yourdictionary.com/referencing

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

• Books• Journals• Newspapers• Theses and Dissertations• Hand – outs• Websites• Online Articles

•provide a reference when you quote from or paraphrase another work

What to Remember when REFERENCING or CITING?

CITING REFERENCES• Titles should be italicized.• Titles of books in English are normally capitalized.• Titles of books in other languages are usually

written in lower-case letters.• Titles of journals and newspapers are normally

capitalized in all languages.

For example:Provinces of Early MexicoPueblos de indios y educaciónJournal of Latin American StudiesHistoria Mexicana

INFORMATION TO BE RECORDED

BOOKS PERIODICALS- Authors; Ed.; Trans; Comp - Author of the Article- Title - Title of the Article- Edition - Title of the Periodical- Place of publication - Date of Issue- Publisher - Volume- Year - Issue Number- Page - Page


THESES/DISSERTATION SEMINAR HAND-OUTS

- Author - Speaker- Title of the Thesis/Diss. - Topic- Institution/School - Seminar Title/Theme- Year - Place- Page - Date

INFORMATION TO BE RECORDEDARTICLE IN AN WEBSITEONLINE JOURNAL- Author of the Article - Who was quoted- Title of the Article - Title of the Quoted Article - Title of the online journal - Website’s name- Volume number - URL- Issue No. - Date Accessed- Date of Issue- URL- Date Accessed


WEBLOGENTRY / COMMENT- Blogger- Topic - The blogspot- Date comment was posted- URL- Date Accessed

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Carter and Barker (2010) describe bibliography as a twofold scholarly discipline -- the

organized listing of books (enumerative bibliography) and the systematic, detailed

description of books as physical objects (descriptive bibliography).

“Bibliography,” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography (accessed April 12, 2012).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography

Bibliography and Its Importance

• shows the breadth of your research• guides readers of your work into the

field; • help readers to locate the sources

“Library Research Skills Tutorial,” University of London Research Library Services, http://www.ulrls.lon.ac.uk/tutorial/reference/ (accessed April 13, 2012)

http://www.ulrls.lon.ac.uk/tutorial/reference/

SYSTEMS AND CONSISTENCY

• Before adopting any system make sure that your university follows this set of rules and does not require another system.

• Whatever system you choose or are asked to use, the most important thing is to be consistent.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

In terms of order/arrangement:• BIBLIOGRAPHY – entries are given by

alphabetical order according to the author's last name, or by the first word of the title if the author is not known, omitting 'The' or 'A/An' .

• NOTES – entries are arranged according to the sequence it was used in each chapters.


In terms of placement in theses/dissertations:• BIBLIOGRAPHY – is found or placed at the end

part of the whole thesis before the appendices.

• NOTES – – Footnotes - placed at the bottom of the pages that

contains the material they refer to– Endnotes - end of each Chapters.


In terms of Author Entry :• BIBLIOGRAPHY starts with author’s last name

Ex. McNamara, Carter• NOTES starts with author’s first name

Ex. Carter Mcnamara

Note: For two or more authors, only the first author will follow the format entry of having the last name first.


In terms of punctuation mark used (for Turabian style):

• Notes – uses comma after the author’s name; no

punctuation mark after the title– Place of Publication, Publisher and copyright year is

enclosed in a parentheses• Bibliography – uses period after the author’s name and after the

title


In terms of indention:• Notes – uses first line indention • Bibliography – uses hanging indention

SAMPLE NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT FOR BOOKS

SINGLE AUTHOR/EDITOR

N Richard Swinburne, The Evolution of the Soul (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 23.

B Swinburne, Richard. The Evolution of the Soul. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.


TWO OR THREE AUTHOR/EDITORS

N Joe Weixlmann and Houston A. Baker, Jr. eds., Black Feminist Criticism and Critical

Theory (Greenwood, FL: Penkeville Publishing Company, 1988), 56.

B Weixlmann, Joe and Houston A. Baker, Jr. eds. Black Feminist Criticism and Critical Theory. Greenwood, FL: Penkeville Publishing Company, 1988.


MORE THAN THREE AUTHOR/EDITORS

N William McPherson et al., English and American Literature: Sources and Strategies for Collection Development (Chicago: American Library Association, 1987), 67.

B McPherson, William, Stephen Lehmann, Craig Likness, and Marcia Pankake. English and

American Literature: Sources and Strategies for Collection Development. Chicago: American Library Association, 1987.


EDITOR,COMPILER, OR TRANSLATOR INSTEAD OF AUTHOR

N Richmond Lattimore, trans., The Iliad of Homer (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951), 91-92.

B Lattimore, Richmond trans. The Iliad of Homer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.


EDITOR,COMPILER, OR TRANSLATOR IN ADDITION TO AUTHOR

N Yves Bonnefoy, New and Selected Poems, ed. John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf

(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 22.

B Bonnefoy, Yves. New and Selected Poems. Edited by John Naughton and Anthony Rudolf. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.


CHAPTER OR PART OF A BOOK

N Andrew Wiese, “’The House I Live In’: Race, Class, and African American Suburban Dreams in the Postwar United States,” in The New Suburban History, ed. Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J. Sugrue (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 101- 102.

B Wiese, Andrew. “’The House I Live In’: Race, Class, and African American Suburban Dreams in the Postwar United States.” In The New Suburban History, edited by Kevin M. Kruse and Thomas J.

Sugrue. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.


PREFACE, FOREWORD, INTRODUCTION, OR SIMILAR PART OF A BOOK

N James Rieger, introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), xx-xxi.

B Rieger, James. Introduction to Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly, xi-xxxvii. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982.


BOOKS PUBLISHED ELECTRONICALLY

N Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ (accessed June 25, 2011).

B Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,

1987. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/ (accessed June 25, 2011).

SAMPLE NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT FOR PERIODICALS

ARTICLE IN PRINT JOURNAL

N Andrew Feffer, “Pragmatism, Feminism, and Democracy: Rethinking the Politics of

American History,” Journal of American History 89 (March 2003): 1612.

B Feffer, Andrew. “Pragmatism, Feminism, and Democracy: Rethinking the Politics of

American History.” Journal of American History 89 (March 2003): 1612 - 1615.


ARTICLE IN AN ONLINE JOURNAL

N Mark A. Hlatky et al., “Quality-of-Life and Depressive Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Trial,” Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 5 (2002), http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo (accessed January 7, 2004).

B Hlatky, Mark A., Derek Boothroyd, Eric Vittinghoff, Penny Sharp, and Mary A. Whooley. “Quality – of - Life and Depressive

Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women after Receiving Hormone Therapy: Results from the Heart and

Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Trial.” Journal of the American Medical Association 287, no. 5 (2002), http://jama.ama-

assn.org/issues/v287n5/rfull/joc10108.html#aainfo (accessed January 7, 2004).


MAGAZINE ARTICLE

N Steve Martin, “Sports-Interview Shocker,” New Yorker, May 6, 2002, 84.

B Martin,Steve. “Sports-Interview Shocker.” New Yorker, May 6, 2002.


NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

N William S. Niederkorn, “A Scholar Recants on His ‘Shakespeare’ Discovery,” New York

Times, June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.

B Niederkorn, William S. “A Scholar Recants on His ‘Shakespeare’ Discovery.” New York Times, June 20, 2002, Arts section, Midwest edition.

SAMPLE NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT FOR REVIEWS

BOOK REVIEW

N James Gorman, “Endangered Species,” review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth Gilbert, New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002, 16.

B Gorman, James. “Endangered Species.” Review of The Last American Man, by Elizabeth Gilbert. New York Times Book Review, June 2, 2002.

SAMPLE NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT FOR UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS

THESIS OR DISSERTATION

N Marilou C. Lapuz, “Entrepreneurial Skills and Attitudes of High School Seniors,” (PhD diss., Naga College Foundation, Naga City, 2010), 113.

B Lapuz, Marilou C. “Entrepreneurial Skills and Attitudes of High School Seniors.” PhD dissertation, Naga College Foundation, Naga City, 2010.

SAMPLE NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT FOR UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS

PAPER PRESENTED AT A MEETING OR CONFERENCE

N Estrella M. Domingo, “Book Care, Repair and Conservation,” (paper presented at the seminar on Disaster Management in Libraries, Aquinas

University, Legaspi City, October 7-9, 2009).

B Domingo, Estrella M. “Book Care, Repair and Conservation.” Paper presented at the

seminar on Disaster Management in Libraries, Aquinas University, Legaspi City, October 7-9, 2009.

SAMPLE NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT FOR INTERNET SOURCES

WEBSITE

N Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees, “Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000- 2010: A Decade of Outreach,” Evanston Public Library, http://www.epl.org/library/strategic-plan- 00.html (accessed June 1, 2005).

B Evanston Public Library Board of Trustees. “Evanston Public Library Strategic Plan, 2000- 2010: A Decade of Outreach.” Evanston Public Library. http://www.epl.org/library/strategic- plan- 00.html (accessed June 1, 2005).


WEBLOG ENTRY OR COMMENT

N Peter Pearson, comment on “The New American Dilemma: Illegal Immigration,” The Becker-

Posner Blog, comment posted March 6, 2006, http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/archives/2006/03/the_new_america.html#080052 (accessed March 28, 2006).

B Becker-Posner Blog, The. http://www.becker-posner-blog.com/ (accessed March 28, 2006).


E-MAIL MESSAGE

N John Doe, e-mail message to author, October 31, 2005.

B Doe, John. E-mail message to author, October 31, 2005.


ITEM IN ONLINE DATABASE

N Pliny the Elder, The Natural History, ed. John Bostock and H.T. Riley, in the Perseus Digital

Library, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Plin.=Nat.=.dedication (accessed

November 17, 2005).

B Perseus Digital Library. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/ (accessed

November 17, 2005).

WHY DO WE NEED TO TAKE

NOTEIt is very useful to add notes of your

readings to the bibliography, they will help you remember why a particular reading is important and how you can use it during the writing up.

FORMS of NOTE TAKING

• Direct quotation – exact copy of a portion of the original text• Summary – a brief statement of the

original material in your own words.

•Enter on the card the information you will need•Be certain that you have recorded accurately the page number•Enter either the section of your outline or the area of your subject to which the information is relevant

SYSTEM OF NOTE TAKING

DIRECT QOUTATION

Musical Setting – NovelsIII.A.

Smith Grover, ed.p.821

Aldous Huxley to Leonard Bernstein, 4 Apr. 1957 “…I am writing to ask if you would be at all

interested in reading a dramatic version of my novel Brave New World, which I have recently made, with a view to a musical setting.”

SUMMARYMusical Setting – Novels

III.A.Smith Grover, ed.p.821

Aldous Huxley wrote to Leonard Bernstein on April 4, 1957, to ask him to consider setting a reading a dramatic version of Brave New World to music.

Introduction of Quotations

Acknowledged Alleged AttestedAcquiesced Announced AvowedAdded Answered BeggedAddressed Argued BoastedAdmitted Articulated BraggedAdvised Asked CalledAdvocated Assented ChargedAffirmed Asserted ChidedAgreed Assured Claimed


Commanded Contested DemandedCommented Continued DeniedComplained Contradicted DenouncedConceded Counseled DescribedConcluded Countered DictatedConcurred Debated DirectedConfessed Decided DisclosedConfided Declared DivulgedContended Decreed Elaborated


Enjoined Hesitated InsistedEntreated Hinted InterjectedEnunciated Imparted InterrogatedEquivocated Implored IntimatedExclaimed Indicated LamentedExhorted Inferred LecturedExplained Informed LiedGranted Inquired MaintainedHeld Insinuated Mentioned


Narrated Preached QuibbledNoted Proclaimed QuippedObjected Pronounced QuotedObserved Proposed RantedOrdered Protested ReadPetitioned Proved ReasonedPleaded Queried RebuttedPointed out Questioned Recited


Recognized Reminded RevealedRecounted Remonstrated RuledRefuted Repeated StatedRegretted Replied StipulatedReiterated Reported SuggestedRejoined Reprimanded SupplicatedRelated Requested SupposedRemarked Responded Swore


Talked WarnedTestifiedThoughtToldTranslatedUrgedUtteredVowed

REFERENCES“Bibliography.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography (accessed April 12, 2012).

Campbell, William Giles, Stephen Vaughan Ballou and Carole Slade. Form and Style: Theses, Reports, Term Papers. 8th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1990.

“Library Research Skills Tutorial.” University of London Research Library Services. http://www.ulrls.lon.ac.uk/tutorial/reference/citing1.asp (accessed April 19, 2012).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography

REFERENCES

“Referencing.” Your Dictionary. http://www.yourdictionary.com/referencing (accessed April 12, 2012).

Turabian, Kate L. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. http://www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian/manual/index.html (accessed June 25, 2011).

http://www.yourdictionary.com/referencing

basic research skills: referencing & bibliography making june 12–14, 2012 lrc – graduate...

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