basics of design & graphics course bjmc-107 lecture-1 ratan mani lal
TRANSCRIPT
BasicsBasicsofof
Design & Design & GraphicsGraphics
Course BJMC-107Course BJMC-107
Lecture-1Lecture-1
Ratan Mani LalRatan Mani Lal
Need for designNeed for design Integral part of print media but
essential for TV and New Media too Full-sized newspaper (broadsheet)
needs maximum design inputs For journalism, design lessons based
on newspaper design, moving on to other sizes
Includes: Design, Typography, Production
Design for Print MediaDesign for Print Media Design – defined as the process of giving
form to an idea In context of print, its a combination of –
• Arrangement of elements
• Typefaces
• Pictures
• Blank spaces Balancing of all elements that makes
sense in context of publication contents and is aesthetically pleasing
Design for Print Design for Print (contd…)(contd…)
In a print publication, a design idea can be given a shape with the use of several elements that are part of the publication
These include:• Title• Masthead• Headlines• Text• Pictures• Blank spaces• Rules• Boxes
Examples…Examples… Some newspaper front page designs
TypographyTypography
It means the art and style pf printing It includes type faces, their
designing, principles and purpose Type originally meant a rectangular
piece of metal or wood on one end of which was engraved or cast a character or a sign used for printing
History of printingHistory of printing
Symbols etched on wooden plates in Babylon about 4000 years ago
Wooden printing plates used in Japan in 270 AD
The forerunners of modern newspapers were printed from wooden plates in Europe around the year 1380 to 1440
The Gutenberg phenomenonThe Gutenberg phenomenon
Johann Gutenberg of Mainz in Germany invented the movable type in 1631, marking a new chapter in mankind’s history
The first printed and regularly appearing newspaper reached the readers in Paris in 1702
The printing sagaThe printing saga
The first-ever daily was produced in 1811 Line-casting machine used in 1826 The Times in London first to use rotary
press in 1908 The first usable typesetter machine was
produced in 1970 Computerized typesetting mode came up
in 1975 Desktop publishing became commonplace
by the 1980s.
From huge sheds to table top From huge sheds to table top
Earlier a newspaper printing set-up used to occupy a huge industrial shed
Today except for the rotary machine, all other operations including typesetting, preparing photographs, designing pages, making printable computer files etc. are done from table tops in small rooms
Basics of TypographyBasics of Typography
Despite the revolutionary changes in print production and
printing technology, we cannot do without the knowledge of the
basics of typography since even the computer-based type system carries the traditional technical
nomenclature
The Point systemThe Point system The typographical point system is the set of
measurements used in printing and applied in every phase of print production
1. Didot system - indicates the set space, column width, headline and text setting, spaces, rule etc in points and Ciceros
2. Pica system - Anglo-American system that gives these in points and Picas
In both systems, Type sizes are given in points.
Two SystemsTwo Systems
The Didot system divides one metre into 2,660 points. The most frequently used denomination is the Cicero that is equal to 12 points
The Pica system is based on points and inch. One inch is made of 72 points or 6 picas. One pica is made of 12 points Pica is denoted as ‘em’. It can be seen that Pica is the equivalent of Cicero
The Measuring UnitThe Measuring Unit
Printing houses generally prefer to get the illustration and photo size in millimetres or centimetres, and also since most of the pre-production and design work is done on computers
Type ClassificationType Classification Type faces derived from the various
basic art styles of the 19th century and the modern art of the 20th century
Classified into groups depending on characteristic traits bearing resemblance to each other, such as,• Medieval antique• Classical antique• Egyptian or Square Serif• Grotesque or Sans Serif• Script or Cursive• Ornamental or Decorative
Type GroupsType Groups Medieval antique
It includes faces of the Renaissance and Baroque style
Marked by smooth curves, tender joint between the serif (that is the small extension of a line beyond a bend) and the main body, having a light & smooth appearance
Highly legible
Classical antique
There is a great difference between the up and down strokes in these types.
Its serifs are thin and meet the body at right angle.
There is no rounding up at the meeting point.
Not very legible therefore not used for body type, but used in headlines.
Square Serif
Here the serifs are thick, square and therefore suited for big, bold headlines or for playing up anything considered important
Sans Serif
It has no serifs and its old versions were not very readable, but the new versions are clear and lively.
Its tender curves and rounded forms make it good even for long running texts
Widely applied as headline type also
Script or Cursive
It is not good for long running texts but due to its manuscript like looks, it dissolves the rigidity of customary typography.
It can be used for one or two exceptional headlines.
Ornamental or Decorative
These are highly decorative typefaces that are used in posters etc.
Type MeasurementType Measurement
The points denote the size of the base on which the type face rests. Sizes 1, 2 or 3 points are used as only space or rule
Usually 8 and 9 points used for body text, cross headings and headings are set in 12 points upwards
Basics of printingBasics of printing
Three factors -•Phototypesetting or composing
of text and headline•Processing of photographs and
illustrations•Plate-making and printing on
rotary machine
Three stagesThree stages
Editorial department - collection, compilation, correction and processing of written material, and preparation of manuscript for the printer with editing, standard symbols and instructions for correction and setting
Three stages Three stages (contd..)(contd..)
Photo section– providing advertisement material, photographs, illustrations, graphics
Production- Page-making according to editorial and designer instructions along with text and headline setting, corrections, negative or positive making, plate making and finally, printing
Preparation of manuscriptPreparation of manuscript
Text typing on computer terminal Editing and text correction Transfer of the text on to a page Giving headlines Text formatting for typeface, type
size Addition of pictures, graphics Finishing touches with box, rules,
space, borders etc.
Scaling of photographs & croppingScaling of photographs & cropping
The original size of every illustration or picture is almost always different from the size in which it will appear in the paper and that is why it has to be enlarged or reduced
When the illustration is processed by the printer its size changes but the ratio from width to depth remains constant
Scaling ratioScaling ratio The illustration can be reduced or
enlarged along its diagonal as per this relationship:
Original illustration
Enlarged size
Scaling ratioScaling ratio The illustration can be reduced or
enlarged along its diagonal as per this relationship:
Original illustration
Enlarged size
Scaling ratioScaling ratio The illustration can be reduced or
enlarged along its diagonal as per this relationship:
Original illustration
Enlarged size
Scaling ratioScaling ratio The illustration can be reduced or
enlarged along its diagonal as per this relationship:
Original illustration
Enlarged size
CroppingCropping Cropping is done to highlight the
desired part of a picture or sketch
Picture before croppingPicture before cropping
CroppingCropping
Picture after CroppingPicture after Cropping
Page designPage design
The basic objectives of make-up in a print publication are:• Conveying the main contents (which
could be news in case of a daily newspaper or a weekly newsmagazine) with as little obstacles in the reader’s way as possible, minimizing the efforts put in by him to find, read and understand the news
• To give an orderly and meaningful outline to the presentation
Objectives of page designObjectives of page design
• Expressing through the headline size the relative importance of various items
• To give an overall attractive packaging to the day’s publication
• Creating reader habits and taking advantage of them
• Helping the reader to find what he wants and expects at a place that is most suitable
Display elementsDisplay elements
The page
Columns (number, width)
Special treatment (box, italics, etc.)
White spaces, rules, dots, asterisks
Blurbs, intro, by-line, credit line
Basics of good lay-outBasics of good lay-out
The right typefaces or fonts, column width and space
Creative arrangement of text, visuals and other elements
Sense of balance Maintaining the right sense of
visual contrast Accepting and guiding reader’s eye
movement
PrinciplesPrinciples
Symmetry & asymmetry Settings, typographical rules System of typographical unity Typographical order Displacement Proportionality Contrast Rhythm Composition
Thank youThank you